bump version to 14.7

fix: not logging termination unix signals
Under container environments like ECS, it's hard to know when PostgREST is being terminated.
2026-03-20 14:22:31 -05:00 · 2026-03-20 13:38:40 -05:00 · 2026-03-20 09:13:47 -05:00 · 2026-03-19 14:30:18 -05:00 · 2026-03-19 09:15:59 +00:00 · 2026-03-18 21:24:50 +00:00
288 changed files with 8874 additions and 9633 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+freebsd_instance:
+  image_family: freebsd-14-3
+
+build_task:
+  # Don't change this name without adjusting .github/workflows/build.yaml
+  name: Build FreeBSD (Stack)
+  install_script: pkg install -y postgresql16-client hs-stack git
+
+  only_if: |
+    $CIRRUS_TAG != '' || $CIRRUS_BRANCH == 'main' || $CIRRUS_BRANCH =~ 'v*' ||
+    changesInclude(
+      '.github/workflows/build.yaml',
+      '.github/actions/artifact-from-cirrus/**',
+      '.cirrus.yml',
+      'postgrest.cabal',
+      'stack.yaml*',
+      '**.hs'
+    )
+
+  stack_cache:
+    folders: /.stack
+    fingerprint_script:
+      - echo $CIRRUS_OS
+      - stack --version
+      - md5sum postgrest.cabal
+      - md5sum stack.yaml.lock
+
+  stack_work_cache:
+    folders: .stack-work
+    fingerprint_script:
+      - echo $CIRRUS_OS
+      - stack --version
+      - md5sum postgrest.cabal
+      - md5sum stack.yaml.lock
+      - find main src -type f -iname '*.hs' -exec md5sum "{}" +
+
+  build_script: |
+    stack build -j 1 --local-bin-path . --copy-bins
+    strip postgrest
+
+  bin_artifacts:
+    path: postgrest
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# TODO: Remove this once a new actionlint release has been cut
+# and made its way to us through nixpkgs.
+self-hosted-runner:
+  labels:
+    - ubuntu-24.04-arm
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+name: Artifact from Cirrus
+
+description: Waits for a specific Cirrus CI run to complete, then downloads the artifact and uploads it to the current workflow. This will silently succeed if Cirrus CI did not schedule a task within 2 minutes.
+
+inputs:
+  download:
+    description: Name of Artifact to download from Cirrus CI
+    required: true
+  task:
+    description: Name of Cirrus Task
+    required: true
+  token:
+    description: GitHub Token
+    required: true
+  upload:
+    description: Name of Artifact to upload on GitHub Actions
+    required: true
+
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - shell: bash
+      run: echo "GH_TOKEN=${{ inputs.token }}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+    - name: Wait for Check Suite to be created
+      id: check-suite
+      env:
+        # GITHUB_SHA does weird things for pull request, so we roll our own:
+        COMMIT: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        get_check_runs_url() {
+          gh api "repos/{owner}/{repo}/commits/${COMMIT}/check-suites" \
+            | jq -r '.check_suites[] | select(.app.slug == "cirrus-ci") | .check_runs_url'
+        }
+        for _ in $(seq 1 12); do
+          check_runs_url="$(get_check_runs_url)"
+          if [ -z "$check_runs_url" ]; then
+            echo "Cirrus CI task has not started, yet. Waiting..."
+            sleep 10
+          else
+            echo "check_runs_url=$check_runs_url" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+        done
+        >&2 echo "Cirrus CI check suite not found. Is Cirrus CI enabled for this repo?"
+    - name: Find task by name
+      id: find-task
+      if: steps.check-suite.outputs.check_runs_url
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        get_number_of_tasks() {
+          gh api "${{ steps.check-suite.outputs.check_runs_url }}" \
+            | jq -r '.check_runs | map(select(.name == "${{ inputs.task }}")) | length'
+        }
+        tasks="$(get_number_of_tasks)"
+        case "$tasks" in
+          0)
+            echo "Task not found, assuming it's skipped intentionally..."
+            exit 0
+            ;;
+          1)
+            echo "task_found=1" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            exit 0
+            ;;
+          *)
+            >&2 echo "More than 1 task with the same name found. Don't know what to do..."
+            exit 1
+            ;;
+        esac
+    - name: Wait for Cirrus CI to complete task
+      if: steps.find-task.outputs.task_found
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        get_conclusion() {
+          gh api "${{ steps.check-suite.outputs.check_runs_url }}" \
+            | jq -r '.check_runs[] | select(.name == "${{ inputs.task }}" and .status == "completed") | .conclusion'
+        }
+        while true; do
+          conclusion="$(get_conclusion)"
+          if [ -z "$conclusion" ]; then
+            echo "Cirrus CI task has not completed, yet. Waiting..."
+            sleep 30
+          else
+            if [ "$conclusion" == "success" ]; then
+              break
+            else
+              exit 1
+            fi
+          fi
+        done
+    - name: Download artifact from Cirrus CI
+      if: steps.find-task.outputs.task_found
+      id: download
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        get_external_id() {
+          gh api "${{ steps.check-suite.outputs.check_runs_url }}" \
+            | jq -er '.check_runs[] | select(.name == "${{ inputs.task }}") | .external_id'
+        }
+        archive="$(mktemp)"
+        artifacts="$(mktemp -d)"
+        until curl --no-progress-meter --fail -o "${archive}" \
+                "https://api.cirrus-ci.com/v1/artifact/task/$(get_external_id)/${{ inputs.download }}.zip"
+        do
+          # This happens when a tag is pushed on the same commit. In this case the
+          # job is immediately marked as "completed" for us, so we end up here after a few
+          # seconds - but the actual Cirrus CI task is still running and didn't produce its artifact, yet.
+          echo "Artifact not found on Cirrus CI, yet. Waiting..."
+          sleep 30
+        done
+        unzip "${archive}" -d "${artifacts}"
+        echo "artifacts=${artifacts}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+    - name: Save artifact to GitHub Actions
+      if: steps.find-task.outputs.task_found
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+      with:
+        name: ${{ inputs.upload }}
+        path: ${{ steps.download.outputs.artifacts }}
+        if-no-files-found: error
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ inputs:
    required: true
  save-prs:
    description: Whether to additionally store the cache in a pull request, too. Should only be used for very small caches.
+    type: boolean
  prefix:
    description: Cache key prefix to be used in both primary key and restore-keys.
    required: true
@@ -18,17 +19,17 @@ inputs:
 runs:
  using: composite
  steps:
-    - uses: actions/cache@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
+    - uses: actions/cache@668228422ae6a00e4ad889ee87cd7109ec5666a7 # v5.0.4
      if: ${{ startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/heads/') || (inputs.save-prs && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/pull/')) }}
      with:
        path: ${{ inputs.path }}
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ inputs.prefix }}-${{ inputs.suffix }}
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ inputs.prefix }}-${{ inputs.suffix }}
        restore-keys: |
-          ${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ inputs.prefix }}-
-    - uses: actions/cache/restore@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
+          ${{ runner.os }}-${{ inputs.prefix }}-
+    - uses: actions/cache/restore@668228422ae6a00e4ad889ee87cd7109ec5666a7 # v5.0.4
      if: ${{ !startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/heads/') && !(inputs.save-prs && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/pull/'))  }}
      with:
        path: ${{ inputs.path }}
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ inputs.prefix }}-${{ inputs.suffix }}
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ inputs.prefix }}-${{ inputs.suffix }}
        restore-keys: |
-          ${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ inputs.prefix }}-
+          ${{ runner.os }}-${{ inputs.prefix }}-
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-name: Run anywhere
-
-description: Runs the same code either in a VM or on the bare machine
-
-inputs:
-  vm:
-    description: Which VM to run on.
-  envs:
-    description: List of relevant environment variables, which might need to be copied into the VM.
-  prepare:
-    description: Code to run in a prepare step, e.g. installing dependencies.
-  run:
-    description: Code to run as the main action.
-    required: true
-
-runs:
-  using: composite
-  steps:
-    - if: ${{ inputs.vm == 'freebsd' }}
-      uses: vmactions/freebsd-vm@83b151f58c6047089f4c80eb5ba2039d158ce093 # v1.5.3
-      with:
-        envs: ${{ inputs.envs }}
-        prepare: ${{ inputs.prepare }}
-        # Work around https://github.com/vmactions/freebsd-vm/issues/59
-        run: |
-          pw user add -n action -m
-          su action -c '${{ inputs.run }}'
-    - if: ${{ inputs.vm == '' }}
-      name: Prepare
-      shell: ${{ runner.os == 'Windows' && 'pwsh' || 'bash' }}
-      run: ${{ inputs.prepare }}
-    - if: ${{ inputs.vm == '' }}
-      name: Run
-      shell: ${{ runner.os == 'Windows' && 'pwsh' || 'bash' }}
-      run: ${{ inputs.run }}
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ inputs:
 runs:
  using: composite
  steps:
-    - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@9f63be77f412a248c9d9a65a4c82cf066cdf8f0c # v35
+    - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
      with:
        nix_conf: |-
          always-allow-substitutes = true
          max-jobs = auto
-    - uses: cachix/cachix-action@5f2d7c5294214f71b873db4b969586b980625e71 # v17
+    - uses: cachix/cachix-action@1eb2ef646ac0255473d23a5907ad7b04ce94065c # v17
      with:
        name: postgrest
        authToken: ${{ inputs.authToken }}
@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@ codecov:

 comment: false

-github_checks:
-  annotations: true
-
 coverage:
  status:
    project:
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@
  },
  "packageRules": [
    {
+      "matchBaseBranches": [
+        "/^v[0-9]+/"
+      ],
      "matchManagers": [
        "haskell-cabal"
      ],
@@ -23,6 +26,44 @@
        "/^v[0-9]+/"
      ],
      "groupName": "all dependencies"
+    },
+    {
+      "matchManagers": [
+        "haskell-cabal"
+      ],
+      "matchPackageNames": [
+        "base",
+        "bytestring",
+        "containers",
+        "directory",
+        "mtl",
+        "parsec",
+        "process",
+        "text"
+      ],
+      "groupName": "GHC dependencies"
+    },
+    {
+      "matchManagers": [
+        "haskell-cabal"
+      ],
+      "matchPackageNames": [
+        "hasql",
+        "hasql-dynamic-statements",
+        "hasql-notifications",
+        "hasql-transaction",
+        "hasql-pool"
+      ],
+      "groupName": "hasql"
+    },
+    {
+      "matchManagers": [
+        "haskell-cabal"
+      ],
+      "matchPackageNames": [
+        "fuzzyset"
+      ],
+      "allowedVersions": "<0.3"
    }
  ]
 }
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ on:
 jobs:
  backport:
    name: Backport
-    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    # It triggers only when PR is already merged on either:
    #
    # - The merge event itself (action != labeled) or
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ jobs:
      # This actions creates the github token using the postgrest app secrets
      - name: Create Github App Token
        id: app-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@bcd2ba49218906704ab6c1aa796996da409d3eb1 # v3.2.0
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@f8d387b68d61c58ab83c6c016672934102569859 # v3.0.0
        with:
-          client-id: ${{ vars.POSTGREST_CI_APP_ID }}
+          app-id: ${{ vars.POSTGREST_CI_APP_ID }}
          private-key: ${{ secrets.POSTGREST_CI_PRIVATE_KEY }}
          permission-contents: write
          permission-pull-requests: write
@@ -38,15 +38,14 @@ jobs:

      # This is required for backport action to cherry-pick the PR
      - name: Fetch PR ref
-        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
        with:
-          allow-unsafe-pr-checkout: true
          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
          token: ${{ steps.app-token.outputs.token }}

      # Backport action that creates the PR with given settings
      - name: Create backport PR
-        uses: korthout/backport-action@2e830a1d0b8269505846ddd407a70876913ad1f8 # v4.6
+        uses: korthout/backport-action@4aaf0e03a94ff0a619c9a511b61aeb42adea5b02 # v4.2.0
        with:
          github_token: ${{ steps.app-token.outputs.token }}
          pull_description: 'Backport for #${pull_number}.'
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ on:
      - .github/*
      - '*.nix'
      - nix/**
-      - flake.lock
      - .cirrus.yml
      - cabal.project*
      - postgrest.cabal
@@ -31,20 +30,10 @@ concurrency:

 jobs:
  static:
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - name: Linux aarch64
-            runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
-            artifact: aarch64
-          - name: Linux x86-64
-            runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-            artifact: x86-64
-    name: Nix - ${{ matrix.name }} static
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
+    name: Nix - Linux x86-64 static
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
      - name: Setup Nix Environment
        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-nix
        with:
@@ -53,44 +42,44 @@ jobs:
      - name: Build static executable
        run: nix-build -A postgrestStatic -A postgrestStatic.tests
      - name: Save built executable as artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
        with:
-          name: postgrest-linux-static-${{ matrix.artifact }}
+          name: postgrest-linux-static-x86-64
          path: result/bin/postgrest
          if-no-files-found: error

      - name: Build Docker image
-        run: nix-build -A docker.image --out-link postgrest-docker-${{ matrix.artifact }}.tar.gz
+        run: nix-build -A docker.image --out-link postgrest-docker.tar.gz
      - name: Save built Docker image as artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
        with:
-          name: postgrest-docker-${{ matrix.artifact }}
-          path: postgrest-docker-${{ matrix.artifact }}.tar.gz
+          name: postgrest-docker-x86-64
+          path: postgrest-docker.tar.gz
          if-no-files-found: error

-      - name: Test static executable with NixOS' VM test
-        # GHA's ARM runner does not support KVM
-        if: runner.arch == 'X64'
-        run: nix-build -A nixpkgs-nixos-test
-

  macos:
    name: Nix - MacOS
-    runs-on: macos-26
+    runs-on: macos-15
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
      - name: Setup Nix Environment
        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-nix
        with:
          authToken: '${{ secrets.CACHIX_AUTH_TOKEN }}'
-      - name: Install nix-build-uncached
-        run: nix-env -f default.nix -iA nix-build-uncached
+      - name: Install gnu sed
+        run: brew install gnu-sed

-      - name: Build everything (default.nix)
-        run: nix-build-uncached
-
-      - name: Build everything (shell.nix)
-        run: nix-build-uncached shell.nix
+      - name: Build everything
+        run: |
+          # The --dry-run will give us a list of derivations to download from cachix and
+          # derivations to build. We only take those that would have to be built and then build
+          # those explicitly. This has the advantage that pure verification will not include
+          # a download anymore, making it much faster. If something needs to be built, only
+          # the dependencies required to do so will be downloaded, but not everything.
+          nix-build --dry-run 2>&1 \
+            | gsed -e '1,/derivations will be built:$/d' -e '/paths will be fetched/Q' \
+            | xargs nix-build


  stack:
@@ -98,66 +87,66 @@ jobs:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        include:
-          - name: FreeBSD x86-64
-            runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-            vm: freebsd
-            artifact: postgrest-freebsd-x86-64
-            deps: pkg install -y git postgresql16-client hs-stack
+          - name: Linux aarch64
+            runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+            cache: |
+              ~/.stack/pantry
+              ~/.stack/snapshots
+              ~/.stack/stack.sqlite3
+            artifact: postgrest-ubuntu-aarch64
+            deps: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install libpq-dev

          - name: MacOS aarch64
            runs-on: macos-14
+            cache: |
+              ~/.stack/pantry
+              ~/.stack/snapshots
+              ~/.stack/stack.sqlite3
            artifact: postgrest-macos-aarch64
            deps: brew link --force libpq

-          - name: MacOS x86-64
-            runs-on: macos-15-intel
-            artifact: postgrest-macos-x86-64
-            deps: brew link --force libpq
-
          - name: Windows
            runs-on: windows-2022
+            cache: |
+              C:\sr\pantry
+              C:\sr\snapshots
+              C:\sr\stack.sqlite3
            deps: Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH $env:PGBIN
            artifact: postgrest-windows-x86-64

    name: Stack - ${{ matrix.name }}
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
-    env:
-      # Putting .stack in the working directory helps with moving this in and out of the FreeBSD VM.
-      STACK_ROOT: ${{ github.workspace }}/.stack
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
-      - if: ${{ !matrix.vm }}
-        uses: haskell-actions/setup@6037f33647c3f17758a2356c80fc4a53d7e0685d # v2.12.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      - uses: haskell-actions/setup@f9150cb1d140e9a9271700670baa38991e6fa25c # v2.10.3
        with:
          # This must match the version in stack.yaml's resolver
-          ghc-version: 9.10.3
+          ghc-version: 9.6.7
          enable-stack: true
          stack-no-global: true
          stack-setup-ghc: true
-      - name: Cache .stack
+      - name: Cache ~/.stack
        uses: ./.github/actions/cache-on-main
        with:
-          path: .stack
-          prefix: ${{ matrix.vm }}${{ matrix.vm && '-' }}stack
+          path: ${{ matrix.cache }}
+          prefix: stack
          suffix: ${{ hashFiles('postgrest.cabal', 'stack.yaml.lock') }}
      - name: Cache .stack-work
        uses: ./.github/actions/cache-on-main
        with:
          path: .stack-work
          save-prs: true
-          prefix: ${{ matrix.vm }}${{ matrix.vm && '-' }}stack-work-${{ hashFiles('postgrest.cabal', 'stack.yaml.lock') }}
+          prefix: stack-work-${{ hashFiles('postgrest.cabal', 'stack.yaml.lock') }}
          suffix: ${{ hashFiles('main/**/*.hs', 'src/**/*.hs') }}
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        if: matrix.deps
+        run: ${{ matrix.deps }}
      - name: Build with Stack
-        uses: ./.github/actions/run-anywhere
-        with:
-          vm: ${{ matrix.vm }}
-          envs: STACK_ROOT
-          prepare: ${{ matrix.deps }}
-          run: |
-            stack build --lock-file error-on-write --local-bin-path result --copy-bins
-            strip result/postgrest*
+        run: stack build --lock-file error-on-write --local-bin-path result --copy-bins
+      - name: Strip Executable
+        run: strip result/postgrest*
      - name: Save built executable as artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
        with:
          name: ${{ matrix.artifact }}
          path: |
@@ -166,16 +155,29 @@ jobs:
          if-no-files-found: error


+  freebsd:
+    name: Stack - FreeBSD from CirrusCI
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/artifact-from-cirrus
+        with:
+          token: ${{ github.token }}
+          task: Build FreeBSD (Stack)
+          download: bin
+          upload: postgrest-freebsd-x86-64
+
+
  cabal:
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        ghc: ['9.10.3', '9.12.3']
+        ghc: ['9.6.7', '9.8.4']
      fail-fast: false
    name: Cabal - Linux x86-64 - GHC ${{ matrix.ghc }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
-      - uses: haskell-actions/setup@6037f33647c3f17758a2356c80fc4a53d7e0685d # v2.12.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      - uses: haskell-actions/setup@f9150cb1d140e9a9271700670baa38991e6fa25c # v2.10.3
        with:
          ghc-version: ${{ matrix.ghc }}
      - name: Cache .cabal
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
    name: Lint & Style
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
      - name: Setup Nix Environment
        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-nix
        with:
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
    name: Commit
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
        with:
          fetch-depth: 100  # fetch history (last 100 commits) instead of default shallow clone history, this is deemed enough for a PR history
      - name: Setup Nix Environment
@@ -41,15 +41,16 @@ jobs:
    concurrency:
      # Never tag outdated commits on the main branch by skipping superseded commits
      group: ci-tag-${{ (github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.ref) || github.run_id }}
-      cancel-in-progress: true
+      # TODO: Enable this once https://github.com/orgs/community/discussions/13015 is solved
+      cancel-in-progress: false
    if: vars.RELEASE_ENABLED
-    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    needs:
      - docs
      - test
      - build
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
        with:
          ssh-key: ${{ secrets.POSTGREST_SSH_KEY }}
      - name: Tag latest commit
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ on:
      - .github/actions/setup-nix/**
      - default.nix
      - nix/**
-      - flake.lock
      - docs/**
      - '!**.md'

@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
    name: Build
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
    - name: Setup Nix Environment
      uses: ./.github/actions/setup-nix
      with:
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ jobs:
    name: Spellcheck
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
    - name: Setup Nix Environment
      uses: ./.github/actions/setup-nix
      with:
@@ -7,37 +7,12 @@ on:

 jobs:
  linkcheck:
-    name: Linkcheck
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
    - name: Setup Nix Environment
      uses: ./.github/actions/setup-nix
      with:
        authToken: '${{ secrets.CACHIX_AUTH_TOKEN }}'
        tools: docs.linkcheck.bin
-
-    - name: Run Linkcheck
-      id: linkcheck
-      run: postgrest-docs-linkcheck
-
-    # This actions creates the github token using the postgrest app secrets
-    - name: Create Github App Token (Runs only on linkcheck failure)
-      id: app-token
-      if: ${{ failure() && steps.linkcheck.outcome == 'failure' }} # only create the token on linkcheck failure
-      uses: actions/create-github-app-token@bcd2ba49218906704ab6c1aa796996da409d3eb1 # v3.2.0
-      with:
-        client-id: ${{ vars.POSTGREST_CI_APP_ID }}
-        private-key: ${{ secrets.POSTGREST_CI_PRIVATE_KEY }}
-        permission-issues: write # required for commenting on issues
-
-    - name: Notify on linkcheck failure by commenting on GH Issue 4106
-      if: ${{ failure() && steps.linkcheck.outcome == 'failure' }}
-      uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@e8674b075228eee787fea43ef493e45ece1004c9 # v5.0.0
-      with:
-        token: ${{ steps.app-token.outputs.token }}
-        issue-number: 4106
-        body: |
-          **Linkcheck Job Failed!**
-
-          A broken link was detected in the docs. Please check the [failed run](${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}) for details.
+    - run: postgrest-docs-linkcheck
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ on:
 concurrency:
  # Terminate all previous runs of the same workflow for the same tag.
  group: release-${{ github.ref }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
+  # TODO: Enable this once https://github.com/orgs/community/discussions/13015 is solved
+  cancel-in-progress: false

 jobs:
  build:
@@ -19,15 +20,13 @@ jobs:
      CACHIX_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CACHIX_AUTH_TOKEN }}


-  github:
-    name: GitHub
-    permissions:
-      contents: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+  prepare:
+    name: Prepare
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    needs:
      - build
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
      - name: Check the version to be released
        run: |
          cabal_version="$(grep -oP '^version:\s*\K.*' postgrest.cabal)"
@@ -49,7 +48,23 @@ jobs:

          echo "Relevant extract from CHANGELOG.md:"
          cat CHANGES.md
+      - name: Save CHANGES.md as artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          name: release-changes
+          path: CHANGES.md
+          if-no-files-found: error

+
+  github:
+    name: GitHub
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    needs:
+      - prepare
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
      - name: Download all artifacts
        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
        with:
@@ -60,26 +75,23 @@ jobs:

          mkdir -p release-bundle

-          tar cJvf "release-bundle/postgrest-${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-linux-static-aarch64.tar.xz" \
-            -C artifacts/postgrest-linux-static-aarch64 postgrest
-
          tar cJvf "release-bundle/postgrest-${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-linux-static-x86-64.tar.xz" \
            -C artifacts/postgrest-linux-static-x86-64 postgrest

          tar cJvf "release-bundle/postgrest-${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-macos-aarch64.tar.xz" \
            -C artifacts/postgrest-macos-aarch64 postgrest

-          tar cJvf "release-bundle/postgrest-${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-macos-x86-64.tar.xz" \
-            -C artifacts/postgrest-macos-x86-64 postgrest
-
          tar cJvf "release-bundle/postgrest-${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-freebsd-x86-64.tar.xz" \
            -C artifacts/postgrest-freebsd-x86-64 postgrest

+          tar cJvf "release-bundle/postgrest-${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-ubuntu-aarch64.tar.xz" \
+            -C artifacts/postgrest-ubuntu-aarch64 postgrest
+
          zip --junk-paths "release-bundle/postgrest-${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-windows-x86-64.zip" \
            artifacts/postgrest-windows-x86-64/postgrest.exe

      - name: Save release bundle
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
        with:
          name: release-bundle
          path: release-bundle
@@ -101,14 +113,14 @@ jobs:
            gh release edit devel \
              -t devel \
              --verify-tag \
-              -F CHANGES.md \
+              -F artifacts/release-changes/CHANGES.md \
              --prerelease
            gh release upload --clobber devel release-bundle/*
          else
            gh release create "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" \
              -t "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" \
              --verify-tag \
-              -F CHANGES.md \
+              -F artifacts/release-changes/CHANGES.md \
              release-bundle/*
          fi

@@ -117,55 +129,70 @@ jobs:
    name: Docker Hub
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
    needs:
-      - github
+      - prepare
    if: |
      vars.DOCKER_REPO && vars.DOCKER_USER
    env:
      DOCKER_REPO: ${{ vars.DOCKER_REPO }}
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
-      - name: Download aarch64 Docker image
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
-        with:
-          name: postgrest-docker-aarch64
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
      - name: Download x86-64 Docker image
        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
        with:
          name: postgrest-docker-x86-64
-      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@bb05f3f5519dd87d3ba754cc423b652a5edd6d2c # v4.2.0
-      - uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4.6.0
+      - name: Download aarch64 binary
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: postgrest-ubuntu-aarch64
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4d04d5d9486b7bd6fa91e7baf45bbb4f8b9deedd # v4.0.0
+      - uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4.0.0
        with:
          username: ${{ vars.DOCKER_USER }}
          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASS }}
+      - name: Build aarch64 Docker image
+        run: |
+          # This only pushes the image via digest, not a tag. This will not appear
+          # in the image list on Docker Hub, yet. It will be later added to the main
+          # tag's manifest.
+          docker buildx build \
+            -t "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest" \
+            --platform linux/arm64 \
+            --output push-by-digest=true,type=image,push=true \
+            --metadata-file metadata.json \
+            .
+          echo "SHA256_ARM=$(jq -r '."containerimage.digest"' metadata.json)" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
      - name: Publish images on Docker Hub
        run: |
-          docker load -i postgrest-docker-aarch64.tar.gz
-          docker tag postgrest:latest "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-linux-arm64"
-          docker push "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-linux-arm64"
+          docker load -i postgrest-docker.tar.gz

-          docker load -i postgrest-docker-x86-64.tar.gz
-          docker tag postgrest:latest "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-linux-amd64"
-          docker push "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-linux-amd64"
-
-          docker manifest create "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" \
-            "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-linux-arm64" \
-            "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-linux-amd64"
-          docker manifest push "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}"
+          docker tag postgrest:latest "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}"
+          docker push "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}"
+          docker buildx imagetools create --append \
+            -t "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" \
+            "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest@$SHA256_ARM"

          # Only tag 'latest' for full releases
          if [ "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" != "devel" ]; then
            echo "Pushing to 'latest' tag for full release of ${GITHUB_REF_NAME} ..."
-            docker manifest create "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:latest" \
-              "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-linux-arm64" \
-              "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-linux-amd64"
-            docker manifest push "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:latest"
+            docker tag postgrest:latest "$DOCKER_REPO"/postgrest:latest
+            docker push "$DOCKER_REPO"/postgrest:latest
+            docker buildx imagetools create --append \
+              -t "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:latest" \
+              "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest@$SHA256_ARM"
          else
            echo "Skipping push to 'latest' tag for pre-release..."
          fi

+
+  docker-description:
+    name: Docker Hub Description
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    if: |
+      vars.DOCKER_REPO && vars.DOCKER_USER &&
+      github.ref == 'refs/tags/devel'
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
      - uses: peter-evans/dockerhub-description@1b9a80c056b620d92cedb9d9b5a223409c68ddfa # v5.0.0
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/tags/devel'
-        name: Docker Hub Description
        with:
          username: ${{ vars.DOCKER_USER }}
          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASS }}
@@ -173,54 +200,3 @@ jobs:
          short-description: ${{ github.event.repository.description }}
          readme-filepath: ./docker-hub-readme.md

-
-  ghcr:
-    name: GitHub Container Registry
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
-    needs:
-      - github
-    permissions:
-      packages: write
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
-      - name: Download aarch64 Docker image
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
-        with:
-          name: postgrest-docker-aarch64
-      - name: Download x86-64 Docker image
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
-        with:
-          name: postgrest-docker-x86-64
-      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@bb05f3f5519dd87d3ba754cc423b652a5edd6d2c # v4.2.0
-      - uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4.6.0
-        with:
-          registry: ghcr.io
-          username: ${{ github.actor }}
-          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: Publish images on Docker Hub
-        run: |
-          docker load -i postgrest-docker-aarch64.tar.gz
-          docker tag postgrest:latest "ghcr.io/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY,,}:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-linux-arm64"
-          docker push "ghcr.io/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY,,}:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-linux-arm64"
-
-          docker load -i postgrest-docker-x86-64.tar.gz
-          docker tag postgrest:latest "ghcr.io/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY,,}:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-linux-amd64"
-          docker push "ghcr.io/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY,,}:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-linux-amd64"
-
-          docker manifest create "ghcr.io/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY,,}:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" \
-            "ghcr.io/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY,,}:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-linux-arm64" \
-            "ghcr.io/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY,,}:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-linux-amd64"
-          docker manifest push "ghcr.io/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY,,}:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}"
-
-          # Only tag 'latest' for full releases
-          if [ "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" != "devel" ]; then
-            echo "Pushing to 'latest' tag for full release of ${GITHUB_REF_NAME} ..."
-            docker manifest create "ghcr.io/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY,,}:latest" \
-              "ghcr.io/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY,,}:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-linux-arm64" \
-              "ghcr.io/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY,,}:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-linux-amd64"
-            docker manifest push "ghcr.io/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY,,}:latest"
-          else
-            echo "Skipping push to 'latest' tag for pre-release..."
-          fi
-
-
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ on:
      - .github/actions/setup-nix/**
      - default.nix
      - nix/**
-      - flake.lock
      - .stylish-haskell.yaml
      - cabal.project
      - postgrest.cabal
@@ -25,10 +24,6 @@ on:
      - test/**
      - '!**.md'

-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell: bash
-
 concurrency:
  # Terminate all previous runs of the same workflow for pull requests
  group: test-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
@@ -44,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
        # https://github.com/actions/runner/issues/241#issuecomment-842566950
        shell: script -qec "bash --noprofile --norc -eo pipefail {0}"
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
      - name: Setup Nix Environment
        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-nix
        with:
@@ -53,17 +48,17 @@ jobs:

      - run: postgrest-cabal-update

-      - name: Run coverage (IO tests and Spec tests against latest supported PostgreSQL)
+      - name: Run coverage (IO tests and Spec tests against PostgreSQL 15)
        run: postgrest-coverage
      - name: Upload coverage to codecov
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@fb8b3582c8e4def4969c97caa2f19720cb33a72f # v7.0.0
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@1af58845a975a7985b0beb0cbe6fbbb71a41dbad # v5.5.3
        with:
          files: ./coverage/codecov.json
          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}

      - name: Run doctests
        if: always()
-        run: nix-shell --run postgrest-test-doctests
+        run: postgrest-test-doctests

      - name: Check the spec tests for idempotence
        if: always()
@@ -74,9 +69,8 @@ jobs:
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
-        # Latest version is tested via `coverage` above.
-        pgVersion: [pg-14, pg-15, pg-16, pg-17, oriole-18, pg-18]
-    name: ${{ matrix.pgVersion }}
+        pgVersion: [13, 14, 15, 16, 17]
+    name: PG ${{ matrix.pgVersion }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    defaults:
      run:
@@ -84,37 +78,37 @@ jobs:
        # https://github.com/actions/runner/issues/241#issuecomment-842566950
        shell: script -qec "bash --noprofile --norc -eo pipefail {0}"
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
      - name: Setup Nix Environment
        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-nix
        with:
          authToken: '${{ secrets.CACHIX_AUTH_TOKEN }}'
-          tools: tests.testSpec.bin tests.testObservability.bin tests.testIO.bin tests.testBigSchema.bin withTools.${{ matrix.pgVersion }}.bin cabalTools.update.bin
+          tools: tests.testSpec.bin tests.testObservability.bin tests.testIO.bin tests.testBigSchema.bin withTools.pg-${{ matrix.pgVersion }}.bin cabalTools.update.bin

      - run: postgrest-cabal-update

      - name: Run spec tests
        if: always()
-        run: postgrest-with-${{ matrix.pgVersion }} postgrest-test-spec
+        run: postgrest-with-pg-${{ matrix.pgVersion }} postgrest-test-spec

      - name: Run observability tests
        if: always()
-        run: postgrest-with-${{ matrix.pgVersion }} postgrest-test-observability
+        run: postgrest-with-pg-${{ matrix.pgVersion }} postgrest-test-observability

      - name: Run IO tests
        if: always()
-        run: postgrest-with-${{ matrix.pgVersion }} postgrest-test-io -vv
+        run: postgrest-with-pg-${{ matrix.pgVersion }} postgrest-test-io -vv

      - name: Run IO tests on a big schema
        if: always()
-        run: postgrest-with-${{ matrix.pgVersion }} postgrest-test-big-schema -vv
+        run: postgrest-with-pg-${{ matrix.pgVersion }} postgrest-test-big-schema -vv


  memory:
    name: Memory
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
      - name: Setup Nix Environment
        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-nix
        with:
@@ -129,20 +123,19 @@ jobs:

  loadtest:
    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
-        kind: ['mixed', 'jwt-cache']
+        kind: ['mixed', 'jwt-hs', 'jwt-hs-cache', 'jwt-hs-cache-worst', 'jwt-rsa', 'jwt-rsa-cache', 'jwt-rsa-cache-worst']
    name: Loadtest
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      - name: Setup Nix Environment
        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-nix
        with:
          authToken: '${{ secrets.CACHIX_AUTH_TOKEN }}'
-          tools: loadtest.loadtestAgainst.bin loadtest.report.bin loadtest.report-load.bin cabalTools.update.bin
+          tools: loadtest.loadtestAgainst.bin loadtest.report.bin cabalTools.update.bin

      - run: postgrest-cabal-update

@@ -156,35 +149,7 @@ jobs:
            latest_tag=$(git tag --merged HEAD --sort=-creatordate "v*" | head -n1)
          fi
          postgrest-loadtest-against -k ${{ matrix.kind }} "$TARGET_BRANCH" "$latest_tag"
-
-      - name: Report P50
-        # This step checks whether any red cross indicators (:x:) are present in the step summary.
-        # The loadtest reporter writes them when any of individual steps fails the performance
-        # regression threshold.
-        run: |
-          ! (postgrest-loadtest-report -g ${{ matrix.kind }} -p 50 \
-              | tee "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY" \
-              | grep ':x:')
-
-      - name: Report P0
-        if: always()
-        run: |
-          postgrest-loadtest-report -g ${{ matrix.kind }} -p 0 >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
-
-      - name: Report P90
-        if: always()
-        run: |
-          postgrest-loadtest-report -g ${{ matrix.kind }} -p 90 >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
-
-      - name: Report P95
-        if: always()
-        run: |
-          postgrest-loadtest-report -g ${{ matrix.kind }} -p 95 >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
-
-      - name: Report CPU/MEM
-        if: always()
-        run: |
-          postgrest-loadtest-report-load -g ${{ matrix.kind }} >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          postgrest-loadtest-report -g ${{ matrix.kind }} >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"

  flake:
    strategy:
@@ -197,7 +162,7 @@ jobs:
    name: Flake Check
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      - name: Setup Nix Environment
@@ -25,9 +25,4 @@ loadtest
 .history
 .docs-build
 gen_targets.http
-gen_jwks.json
-gen_private.json
-.pytest_cache
-.ruff_cache
-postgrest-module-graph.png
-.ghc.environment.*
+gen_jwk.json
@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@ python:
 build:
  os: ubuntu-24.04
  tools:
-    python: "3.12"
+    python: "3.11"
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ steps:

 # A common setting is the number of columns (parts of) code will be wrapped
 # to. Different steps take this into account. Default: 80.
-columns: 80
+columns: 70

 # By default, line endings are converted according to the OS. You can override
 # preferred format here.
@@ -4,179 +4,6 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. From versio

 ## Unreleased

-## [16.1] - 2026-08-10
-
-### Fixed
-
- JWT validation uses wrong current time due to a bug in auto-update by @mkleczek in #5159
-
-## [16.0] - 2026-08-07
-
-### Changes
-
-#### HTTP Server
-
- [Graceful shutdown](https://docs.postgrest.org/en/v16/references/http_server.html#graceful-shutdown) by @mkleczek, @Vlix in #4702
-
- [server-reuseport](https://docs.postgrest.org/en/v16/references/configuration.html#server-reuseport) allows starting multiple PostgREST instances using the same port on supported platforms by @mkleczek in #4703, #4694
-
-#### Performance
-
- Optimize schema cache domain type resolution by using [pg_basetype](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-info.html#FUNCTIONS-INFO-CATALOG) on PostgreSQL 17+ by @joelonsql in #4567
-
- [Prefer: count=exact](https://docs.postgrest.org/en/v16/references/api/pagination_count.html#exact-count) no longer does a double count on requests that do not use ranges or `db-max-rows` by @laurenceisla in #3957
-
- [Prefer: timezone](https://docs.postgrest.org/en/v16/references/api/preferences.html#prefer-timezone) no longer requires the schema cache by @steve-chavez in #5100
-  + Previously this required caching [pg_timezone_names](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/view-pg-timezone-names.html) which was slow in some systems
-
-#### Integrations
-
- PostgREST is now tested to work with [OrioleDB](https://github.com/orioledb/orioledb/) in #4845 by @wolfgangwalther
-  + See [our guide for running OrioleDB on NixOS](https://docs.postgrest.org/en/v16/integrations/nixos.html)
-
-#### JWT
-
- [JWT Role Extraction](https://docs.postgrest.org/en/v16/references/auth.html#jwt-role-extract) is now more flexible, supporting the standard JSON Path defined in RFC 9535 by @taimoorzaeem in #4984
-
-#### API
-
- [Prefer: timezone](https://docs.postgrest.org/en/v16/references/api/preferences.html#timezone) now supports numeric offsets like `05:00` or `-4` by @steve-chavez in #5100
-
- Fix unexpected results when embedding and filtering the same table more than once by @laurenceisla in #4075
-  + You need to set [url-use-legacy-target-names](https://docs.postgrest.org/en/v16/references/configuration.html#url-use-legacy-target-names) to `false`.
-
- Deprecate filters, orders and limits with the name of an embedded table when it has an alias by @steve-chavez, @laurenceisla in #4075
-  + e.g. `?select=alias:table(*)&table.id=eq.1` will not be possible anymore, use `?select=alias:table(*)&alias.id=eq.1` instead.
-  + You will see a warning in the logs and a `Warning` header on the client response when this happens.
-  + You can disable this behavior now by setting `url-use-legacy-target-names = false`.
-
- Add `Vary` header to responses by @develop7 in #4609
-
- Fix automatic transaction retries on `40001 (serialization_failure)` errors to prevent replication lag by @laurenceisla in #3673
-
-#### Observability
-
- [GHC runtime metrics](https://docs.postgrest.org/en/v16/references/observability.html#ghc-runtime-metrics) by @mkleczek in #4862
- [client-error-verbosity](https://docs.postgrest.org/en/v16/references/configuration.html#client-error-verbosity) to customize responses error verbosity by @taimoorzaeem in #4088, #3980, #3824
- [log-level](https://docs.postgrest.org/en/v16/references/configuration.html#log-level) config is now reloadable by @taimoorzaeem in #5113
- Log error when `db-schemas` config contains schema `pg_catalog` or `information_schema` by @taimoorzaeem in #4359
- Log schema cache queries timings on `log-level=debug` by @steve-chavez in #4805
-
-#### Admin Server
-
- [admin-server-unix-socket](https://docs.postgrest.org/en/v16/references/configuration.html#admin-server-unix-socket)/[admin-server-unix-socket-mode](https://docs.postgrest.org/en/v16/references/configuration.html#admin-server-unix-socket-mode) to run the admin server on a unix socket by @wolfgangwalther in #5003
- Fix responding with `Something went wrong` on Admin server when under EMFILE by @mkleczek in #5077
-
-#### Deployment
-
- Make executable for aarch64-linux static instead of Ubuntu-based by @wolfgangwalther in #4193
- Docker image for aarch64-linux is now built from scratch instead of being Ubuntu-based by @wolfgangwalther in #4193
- Besides Docker Hub, docker images are now published to Github Container Registry by @wolfgangwalther in #2836
-
-#### Schema Cache
-
- Fix requests failing when the schema cache fails to reload, when this happens PostgREST will continue serving requests in "best effort" by @mkleczek in #4873 #4869
- Fix reporting 503s errors unnecessarily while the schema cache is loading at startup by @mkleczek in #4880
- Fix schema cache dump missing RPC transaction isolation level by @taimoorzaeem in #5079
-
-#### Listener
-
- Fix config `db-channel-enabled` not reloading by @taimoorzaeem in #4894
-
-### Migration to v16
-
- Drop support for PostgreSQL EOL version 13 by @wolfgangwalther in #4193
-  + PostgreSQL 13 end of life was on 2025 ([ref](https://www.postgresql.org/support/versioning/))
-  + Upgrade your PostgreSQL version to at least 14 to use this new PostgREST version.
-
- Fail at startup when `db-schemas` contains schema `pg_catalog` or `information_schema` by @taimoorzaeem in #4359
-  + Previously it failed at runtime with `PGRST205` on requests related to these schemas.
-  + Remove `pg_catalog` and `information_schema` from `db-schemas`.
-
- `Prefer: timezone` no longer complies with `handling=lenient` and instead always fails by @steve-chavez in #5128
-  + Supporting this required caching `pg_timezone_names`, which was expensive.
-  + Ensure your requests always have a valid timezone.
-
- `jwt-role-claim-key` no longer uses the JSPath DSL and instead uses JSON Path by @taimoorzaeem in #4984
-  + Now all config values must start with `$` character.
-     Example: `.roles.read` -> `$.roles.read`
-  + Keys with special characters, with the exception of `_` char must be quoted.
-      Example: `.roles.write-role` -> `$.roles["write-role"]`
-  + String comparison operators (`^==`, `==^` and `*==`) are replaced with regular expression search.
-      Example: `.roles[?(@ ^== "postgrest_test_")]` -> `$.roles[?search(@, "^postgrest_test_")]`
-  + Update the `jwt-role-claim-key` value accoring to the above rules. Also see the syntax reference: [RFC 9535](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9535.html#name-jsonpath-syntax-and-semanti).
-
-## [14.16] - 2026-07-27
-
-### Fixed
-
- Fix admin server crashing without a way to recover by @taimoorzaeem in #5096
-
-## [14.15] - 2026-07-13
-
-### Fixed
-
- Fix admin server dying silently by @Vlix, @mkleczek, @steve-chavez in #5012
-
-## [14.14] - 2026-06-29
-
-### Fixed
-
- Fix admin server not logging cause of failure by @taimoorzaeem in #5012
-
-## [14.13] - 2026-06-04
-
-### Fixed
-
- Fix connection retrying message in `PGRST000` error by @netqo in #4980
-  + Remove redundant "Retrying the connection." from message because it is logged separately
- Fix request failures when `work_mem` is set on a role by @laurenceisla in #4955
-
-## [14.12] - 2026-05-20
-
-### Fixed
-
- Fix race condition in pool_available metric causing negative values during network instability by @mkleczek in #4622
-
-## [14.11] - 2026-05-04
-
-### Fixed
-
- Fix login with uppercase and mixed case role names by @taimoorzaeem in #4678
- Restore Listener query shape so it can be found in `pg_stat_activity` by @mkleczek in #4857 #4859
- The LISTEN channel now automatically recovers when it stops working due to a PostgreSQL bug @laurenceisla in #3147
- Fix misleading "Functions" name on schema cache summary in startup logs by @taimoorzaeem in #4821
-
-## [14.10] - 2026-04-16
-
-### Added
-
- Log when the pool is released during schema cache reload on `log-level=debug` by @mkleczek in #4668
-
-### Fixed
-
- Fix unnecessary connection pool flushes during schema cache reloading by @mkleczek in #4645
-
-## [14.9] - 2026-04-10
-
-### Added
-
- Log host, port and pg version of listener database connection by @mkleczek in #4617 #4618
-
-### Fixed
-
- Remove red herring warp logs on default log-level, only emit them on `log-level=debug` by @steve-chavez in #4799
-
-## [14.8] - 2026-04-03
-
-### Added
-
- Log a `HINT` when the LISTEN channel stops working due to a PostgreSQL bug by @laurenceisla in #4581
-
-### Fixed
-
- Fix invalid OpenAPI 2.0 format for integer types (`smallint`, `integer`, `bigint`) by @arturbent0 in #4641
-
 ## [14.7] - 2026-03-20

 ### Fixed
@@ -201,7 +28,7 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. From versio

 - Ensure Listener connections are released by @mkleczek in #4614
 - Fix incorrectly filtering the returned representation for PATCH requests when using `or/and` filters by @laurenceisla in #3707
- Fix listener running with exception masked after first failure by @mkleczek in #4615
+- Fix listener running with exception masked after first failure by @mkleczek #4615

 ## [14.3] - 2026-01-03

@@ -805,7 +632,7 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. From versio
 ### Added

 - #1933, #2109, Add a minimal health check endpoint - @steve-chavez
-   + For enabling this, the `admin-server-port` config must be set explicitly
+   + For enabling this, the `admin-server-port` config must be set explictly
   + A `<host>:<admin_server_port>/live` endpoint is available for checking if postgrest is running on its port/socket. 200 OK = alive, 503 = dead.
   + A `<host>:<admin_server_port>/ready` endpoint is available for checking a correct internal state(the database connection plus the schema cache). 200 OK = ready, 503 = not ready.
 - #1988, Add the current user to the request log on stdout - @DavidLindbom, @wolfgangwalther
@@ -1288,7 +1115,7 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. From versio
 - Customize content negotiation per route - @begriffs
 - Allow using nulls order without explicit order direction - @steve-chavez
 - Fatal error on postgres unsupported version, format supported version in error message - @steve-chavez
- Prevent database memory consumption by prepared statements caches - @ruslantalpa
+- Prevent database memory cosumption by prepared statements caches - @ruslantalpa
 - Use specific columns in the RETURNING section - @ruslantalpa
 - Fix columns alias for RETURNING - @steve-chavez

@@ -1,12 +1,17 @@
 # Contributing to PostgREST

-## AI Policy
+**First:** if you're unsure or afraid of _anything_, just ask or
+submit the issue or pull request anyways. You won't be yelled at
+for giving your best effort. The worst that can happen is that
+you'll be politely asked to change something. We appreciate any
+sort of contributions, and don't want a wall of rules to get in the
+way of that.

-We adhere to [Gentoo's AI policy](https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Council/AI_policy):
-
-> It is expressly forbidden to contribute [...] any content that has been created with the assistance of Natural Language Processing artificial intelligence tools. This motion can be revisited, should a case been made over such a tool that does not pose copyright, ethical and quality concerns.
-
-You can find more about its rationale [here](https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Council/AI_policy#Rationale).
+However, for those individuals who want a bit more guidance on the
+best way to contribute to the project, read on. This document will
+cover what we're looking for. By addressing all the points we're
+looking for, it raises the chances we can quickly merge or address
+your contributions.

 ## Issues

@@ -35,14 +40,12 @@ For questions on how to use PostgREST, please use
 We have a fully nix-based development environment with many tools for a smooth development workflow available.
 Check the [development docs](https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/nix/README.md) on how to set it up and use it.

+### Haskell Conventions
+
 * All contributions must pass the tests before being merged. When
  you create a pull request your code will automatically be tested.

-* All fixes or features must have a test proving the improvement.
-
-* All features must document the new behavior. Critical fixes that introduce new behavior must be documented too.
-
-* All code must also pass a [linter](http://community.haskell.org/~ndm/hlint/) and [styler](https://github.com/jaspervdj/stylish-haskell)
+* All code must also pass [hlint](http://community.haskell.org/~ndm/hlint/) and [stylish-haskell](https://github.com/jaspervdj/stylish-haskell)
  with no warnings. This helps enforce a uniform style for all committers. Continuous integration will check this as well on every
  pull request. There are useful tools in the nix-shell that help with checking this locally. You can run `postgrest-check` to do this manually but
  we recommend adding it to `.git/hooks/pre-commit` as `nix-shell --run postgrest-check` to automatically check this before doing a commit.
@@ -50,15 +53,3 @@ Check the [development docs](https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/ni
 ### Running Tests

 For instructions on running tests, see the [development docs](https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/nix/README.md#testing).
-
-### Structuring commits in pull requests
-
-To simplify reviews, make it easy to split pull requests if deemed necessary, and to maintain clean and meaningful history of changes, you will be asked to update your PR if it does not follow the below rules:
-
-* It must be possible to merge the PR branch into target using `git merge --ff-only`, ie. the source branch must be rebased on top of target.
-* No merge commits in the source branch.
-* All commits in the source branch must be self contained, meaning: it should be possible to treat each commit as a separate PR.
-* Commits in the source branch must contain only related changes (related means the changes target a single problem/goal). For example, any refactorings should be isolated from the actual change implementation into separate commits.
-* Tests, documentation, and changelog updates should be contained in the same commits as the actual code changes they relate to. An exception to this rule is when test or documentation changes are made in separate PR.
-* Commit messages must be prefixed with one of the prefixes defined in [the list used by commit verification scripts](https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/nix/tools/gitTools.nix#L11).
-* Commit messages should contain a longer description of the purpose of the changes contained in the commit and, for non-trivial changes, a description of the changes themselves.
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# PostgREST Docker Hub image for aarch64.
+# The x86-64 is a single-static-binary image built via Nix, see:
+# nix/tools/docker/README.md
+
+FROM ubuntu:noble@sha256:186072bba1b2f436cbb91ef2567abca677337cfc786c86e107d25b7072feef0c AS postgrest
+
+RUN apt-get update -y \
+    && apt install -y --no-install-recommends libpq-dev zlib1g-dev jq gcc libnuma-dev \
+    && apt-get clean \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+COPY postgrest /usr/bin/postgrest
+RUN chmod +x /usr/bin/postgrest
+
+EXPOSE 3000
+
+USER 1000
+
+# Use the array form to avoid running the command using bash, which does not handle `SIGTERM` properly. 
+# See https://docs.docker.com/compose/faq/#why-do-my-services-take-10-seconds-to-recreate-or-stop 
+CMD ["postgrest"]
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-Copyright (c) 2014-2026 The PostgREST contributors
+Copyright (c) 2014 Joe Nelson
+Copyright (c) 2019 Steve Chavez

 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ and limited with - range headers. More about
 ## Data Integrity

 Rather than relying on an Object Relational Mapper and custom
-imperative coding, this system requires you to put declarative constraints
+imperative coding, this system requires you put declarative constraints
 directly into your database. Hence no application can corrupt your
 data (including your API server).

@@ -1,7 +1,2 @@
 packages: postgrest.cabal
 tests: true
-allow-newer:
-  hasql:postgresql-libpq
-
-- https://github.com/martijnbastiaan/doctest-parallel/blob/main/example/README.md#cabalproject
-write-ghc-environment-files: always
@@ -1 +1 @@
-index-state: hackage.haskell.org 2026-08-10T16:58:32Z
+index-state: hackage.haskell.org 2025-10-29T04:02:18Z
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 { system ? builtins.currentSystem

-, compiler ? "ghc9123"
+, compiler ? "ghc948"

 , # Commit of the Nixpkgs repository that we want to use.
  # It defaults to reading the inputs from flake.lock, which serves
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ let
      allOverlays.checked-shell-script
      allOverlays.gitignore
      (allOverlays.haskell-packages { inherit compiler; })
+      allOverlays.slocat
    ];

  # Evaluated expression of the Nixpkgs repository.
@@ -52,20 +53,11 @@ let

  postgresqlVersions =
    [
-      { name = "pg-19"; postgresql = pkgs.postgresql_19.withPackages (p: [ p.postgis p.pg_safeupdate ]); }
-      { name = "pg-18"; postgresql = pkgs.postgresql_18.withPackages (p: [ p.postgis p.pg_safeupdate ]); }
      { name = "pg-17"; postgresql = pkgs.postgresql_17.withPackages (p: [ p.postgis p.pg_safeupdate ]); }
      { name = "pg-16"; postgresql = pkgs.postgresql_16.withPackages (p: [ p.postgis p.pg_safeupdate ]); }
      { name = "pg-15"; postgresql = pkgs.postgresql_15.withPackages (p: [ p.postgis p.pg_safeupdate ]); }
      { name = "pg-14"; postgresql = pkgs.postgresql_14.withPackages (p: [ p.postgis p.pg_safeupdate ]); }
-      {
-        name = "oriole-18";
-        postgresql = pkgs.orioledb.withPackages (p: [ p.postgis p.pg_safeupdate ]);
-        config = "
-          default_table_access_method = 'orioledb'
-          shared_preload_libraries = 'orioledb, pg_stat_statements'
-        ";
-      }
+      { name = "pg-13"; postgresql = pkgs.postgresql_13.withPackages (p: [ p.postgis p.pg_safeupdate ]); }
    ];

  haskellPackages = pkgs.haskell.packages."${compiler}";
@@ -86,16 +78,6 @@ let
    "-f dev --test-show-detail=direct";

  inherit (pkgs.haskell) lib;
-
-  nixos-lib = import (pkgs.path + "/nixos/lib") { };
-  runTest = postgrest: test: (nixos-lib.runTest {
-    hostPkgs = pkgs;
-    # Replace the top-level `pkgs.postgrest` attribute with our current version on this branch.
-    defaults.nixpkgs.overlays = [ (_: _: { inherit postgrest; }) ];
-    # Speeds up evaluation a little bit; documentation is really not required for tests.
-    defaults.documentation.enable = pkgs.lib.mkDefault false;
-    imports = [ test ];
-  }).config.result;
 in
 rec {
  inherit nixpkgs pkgs;
@@ -126,9 +108,6 @@ rec {
      inherit (pkgs.haskell.packages."${compiler}") ghcWithPackages;
    };

-  # Used by CI on MacOS
-  inherit (pkgs) nix-build-uncached;
-
  ### Tools

  cabalTools =
@@ -139,7 +118,7 @@ rec {

  # Development tools.
  devTools =
-    pkgs.callPackage nix/tools/devTools.nix { inherit tests style devCabalOptions hsie; };
+    pkgs.callPackage nix/tools/devTools.nix { inherit tests style devCabalOptions hsie withTools; };

  # Documentation tools.
  docs =
@@ -181,7 +160,4 @@ rec {
  # Docker images and loading script.
  docker =
    pkgs.callPackage nix/tools/docker { postgrest = postgrestStatic; };
-
-  # NixOS VM tests
-  nixpkgs-nixos-test = runTest postgrestStatic (pkgs.path + "/nixos/tests/postgrest.nix");
 }
@@ -61,3 +61,5 @@ The image is built from scratch using
 no commands are listed in the image history. See the [PostgREST
 repository](https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/tree/main/nix/tools/docker) for
 details on the build process and how to inspect the image.
+
+This does not apply to the arm64 variant, which is based on Ubuntu.
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ url of Authorization is [[../explanations/db_authz.html]]
 url of CLI is [[../references/cli.html#cli]]
 url of "Connection Pool" is [[../references/connection_pool.html]]
 url of Config is [[../references/configuration.html#configuration]]
-url of HTTPADMIN is [[../references/http_server.html]]
-url of HTTPAPI is [[../references/http_server.html]]
+url of HTTPADMIN is [[../explanations/architecture.html#http]]
+url of HTTPAPI is [[../explanations/architecture.html#http]]
 url of Listener is [[../references/listener.html#listener]]
 url of Proxy is [[../explanations/nginx.html]]
 url of "Schema Cache" is [[../references/schema_cache.html#schema-cache]]
@@ -48,14 +48,14 @@ source_suffix = ".rst"
 # The master toctree document.
 master_doc = "index"

-# This is overridden by readthedocs with the version tag anyway
-version = "devel"
+# This is overriden by readthedocs with the version tag anyway
+version = "14"
 # To avoid repetition in <title> we set this to an empty string.
 release = ""

 # General information about the project.
 project = "PostgREST " + version
-author = "The PostgREST contributors"
+author = "Joe Nelson, Steve Chavez"
 copyright = "2017, " + author

 # The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
@@ -300,7 +300,6 @@ linkcheck_ignore = [
    r"https://www.patreon.com/postgrest",
    r"https://blog.frankel.ch/poor-man-api",
    r"https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com/.*",
-    r"https://stackoverflow.com/.*",
    # Odd SSL error
    r"https://www.dripdepot.com",
    r"https://www.euronodes.com",
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Community Tutorials
 * `Building a Contacts List with PostgREST and Vue.js <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHtsALtD5-U>`_ -
  In this video series, DigitalOcean shows how to build and deploy an Nginx + PostgREST(using a managed PostgreSQL database) + Vue.js webapp in an Ubuntu server droplet.

-* `PostgREST + Auth0: Create REST API in minutes, and add social login using Auth0 <https://samkhawase.com/blog/postgrest-1-introduction/>`_ - A step-by-step tutorial to show how to dockerize and integrate Auth0 to PostgREST service.
+* `PostgREST + Auth0: Create REST API in mintutes, and add social login using Auth0 <https://samkhawase.com/blog/postgrest/>`_ - A step-by-step tutorial to show how to dockerize and integrate Auth0 to PostgREST service.

 * `"CodeLess" backend using postgres, postgrest and oauth2 authentication with keycloak <https://www.mathieupassenaud.fr/codeless_backend/>`_ -
  A step-by-step tutorial for using PostgREST with KeyCloak(hosted on a managed service).
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ Example Apps
 * `archtika <https://github.com/thiloho/archtika>`_ - self-hosted CMS
 * `delibrium-postgrest <https://gitlab.com/delibrium/delibrium-postgrest/>`_ - example school API and front-end in Vue.js
 * `ETH-transactions-storage <https://github.com/Adamant-im/ETH-transactions-storage>`_ - indexer for Ethereum to get transaction list by ETH address
-* `fullstack template <https://github.com/jenstroeger/fullstack-webapp-template>`_ - a complete fullstack webapp template using PG as db and message queue, Python and Dramatiq to implement async jobs, db migrations, test runners, and more.
 * `general <https://github.com/PierreRochard/general>`_ - example auth back-end
 * `guild-operators <https://github.com/cardano-community/koios-artifacts/tree/main/files/grest>`_ - example queries and functions that the Cardano Community uses for their Guild Operators' Repository
 * `PostGUI <https://github.com/priyank-purohit/PostGUI>`_ - React Material UI admin panel
@@ -83,7 +82,6 @@ Extensions
 Client-Side Libraries
 ---------------------

-* `efcore-postgrest <https://github.com/pedro-gilmora/EF.PostgREST.Provider>`_ - C#
 * `postgrest-csharp <https://github.com/supabase-community/postgrest-csharp>`_ - C#
 * `postgrest-dart <https://github.com/supabase/postgrest-dart>`_ - Dart
 * `postgrest-ex <https://github.com/supabase-community/postgrest-ex>`_ - Elixir
@@ -31,60 +31,65 @@ This section talks briefly about various important modules.
 Main
 ----

-The starting point of the program is `Main.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/executable/Main.hs>`_.
+The starting point of the program is `Main.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/main/Main.hs>`_.

 CLI
 ---

-Main then calls `CLI.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/library/PostgREST/CLI.hs>`_, which is in charge of :ref:`cli`.
+Main then calls `CLI.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/PostgREST/CLI.hs>`_, which is in charge of :ref:`cli`.

 App
 ---

-`App.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/library/PostgREST/App.hs>`_ is then in charge of composing the different modules.
+`App.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/PostgREST/App.hs>`_ is then in charge of composing the different modules.

 Auth
 ----

-`Auth.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/library/PostgREST/Auth.hs>`_ is in charge  of :ref:`authn`.
+`Auth.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/PostgREST/Auth.hs>`_ is in charge  of :ref:`authn`.

 Api Request
 -----------

-`ApiRequest.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/library/PostgREST/ApiRequest.hs>`_ is in charge of parsing the URL query string (following PostgREST syntax), the request headers, and the request body.
+`ApiRequest.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/PostgREST/ApiRequest.hs>`_ is in charge of parsing the URL query string (following PostgREST syntax), the request headers, and the request body.

 A request might be rejected at this level if it's invalid. For example when providing an unknown media type to PostgREST or using an unknown HTTP method.

 Plan
 ----

-Using the Schema Cache, `Plan.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/library/PostgREST/Plan.hs>`_ generates an internal AST, filling out-of-band SQL details (like an ``ON CONFLICT (pk)`` clause) required to complete the user request.
+Using the Schema Cache, `Plan.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/PostgREST/Plan.hs>`_ generates an internal AST, filling out-of-band SQL details (like an ``ON CONFLICT (pk)`` clause) required to complete the user request.

 A request might be rejected at this level if it's invalid. For example when doing resource embedding on a nonexistent resource.

 Query
 -----

-`Query.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/library/PostgREST/Query.hs>`_ generates the SQL queries (parametrized and prepared) required to satisfy the user request.
+`Query.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/PostgREST/Query.hs>`_ generates the SQL queries (parametrized and prepared) required to satisfy the user request.

 Only at this stage a connection from the pool might be used.

 Schema Cache
 ------------

-`SchemaCache.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/library/PostgREST/SchemaCache.hs>`_ is in charge of :ref:`schema_cache`.
+`SchemaCache.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/PostgREST/SchemaCache.hs>`_ is in charge of :ref:`schema_cache`.

 Config
 ------

-`Config.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/library/PostgREST/Config.hs>`_ is in charge of :ref:`configuration`.
+`Config.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/PostgREST/Config.hs>`_ is in charge of :ref:`configuration`.

 Admin
 -----

-`Admin.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/library/PostgREST/Admin.hs>`_ is in charge of the :ref:`admin_server`.
+`Admin.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/PostgREST/Admin.hs>`_ is in charge of the :ref:`admin_server`.
+
+HTTP
+----
+
+The HTTP server is provided by `Warp <https://aosabook.org/en/posa/warp.html>`_.

 Listener
 --------

-`Reload.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/library/PostgREST/AppState/Reload.hs>`_ is in charge of the :ref:`listener`.
+`Listener.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/PostgREST/Listener.hs>`_ is in charge of the :ref:`listener`.
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ Another option is to define the function with the :code:`SECURITY DEFINER` optio

 .. code-block:: postgres

-  -- login as a user which has privileges on the private schemas
+  -- login as a user wich has privileges on the private schemas

  -- create a sample function
  create or replace function login(email text, pass text, out token text) as $$
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Supported PostgreSQL versions
 =============================

 =============== =================================
-**Supported**   PostgreSQL >= 14
+**Supported**   PostgreSQL >= 13
 =============== =================================

 PostgREST works with all PostgreSQL versions still `officially supported <https://www.postgresql.org/support/versioning/>`_.
@@ -181,23 +181,6 @@ If you want to have a visual overview of your API in your browser you can add sw

 With this you can see the swagger-ui in your browser on port 8080.

-.. _docker_cpu_contraint:
-
-Docker Resource Constraints
---------------------------
-
-PostgREST does not support ``--cpus`` `constraint option <https://docs.docker.com/engine/containers/resource_constraints/#configure-the-default-cfs-scheduler>`_.
-
-As a workaround, you may use the `GHC RTS <https://ghc.gitlab.haskell.org/ghc/doc/users_guide/runtime_control.html#runtime-system-rts-options>`_ ``-N`` option. For instance, to limit it to 2 CPU cores, do:
-
-.. code::
-
-  # Set environment variable GHCRTS set to "-N2"
-  docker run --rm -p 3000:3000 \
-    -e PGRST_DB_URI="postgres://app_user:password@10.0.0.10/postgres" \
-    -e GHCRTS="-N2"
-    postgrest/postgrest
-
 .. _build_source:

 Building from Source
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-.. _debugging_performance_pg_stat_statements:
-
-Debugging Performance with pg_stat_statements
-=============================================
-
-This how-to shows how to get a query identifier through PostgREST and then use it to inspect the same query in ``pg_stat_statements``.
-
-.. important::
-
-  - :ref:`db-plan-enabled` must be enabled in PostgREST.
-  - PostgreSQL 14 or newer with ``pg_stat_statements`` available.
-
-Get the Query Identifier from PostgREST
---------------------------------------
-
-Request the plan in JSON format with the ``verbose`` option:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-   curl "http://localhost:3000/projects?select=id,name&order=id" \
-     -H "Accept: application/vnd.pgrst.plan+json; options=verbose"
-
-The response will contain a top-level ``Query Identifier`` field:
-
-.. code-block:: json
-
-   [
-     {
-       "Plan": {
-         "Node Type": "Aggregate"
-       },
-       "Query Identifier": -432192689578025496
-     }
-   ]
-
-Look up the query in pg_stat_statements
---------------------------------------
-
-Use that identifier against ``pg_stat_statements``:
-
-.. code-block:: postgres
-
-   select
-     calls,
-     total_exec_time,
-     mean_exec_time,
-     rows,
-     query
-   from pg_stat_statements
-   where queryid = -432192689578025496;
-
-.. csv-table::
-   :header: "calls", "total_exec_time", "mean_exec_time", "rows", "query"
-
-   "13", "0.6355850000000001", "0.04889115384615385", "13", "WITH pgrst_source AS (...)"
-
-This lets you correlate a PostgREST request with PostgreSQL runtime statistics such as:
-
- how often the query ran
- total and average execution time
- how many rows it produced
- the normalized SQL text recorded by PostgreSQL
@@ -318,6 +318,144 @@ You can insert a new product using a JSON object for the ``extra_info`` column:

 To query and filter the data see :ref:`json_columns` for a complete reference.

+.. _ww_postgis:
+
+PostGIS
+-------
+
+You can use the string representation for `PostGIS <https://postgis.net/>`_ data types such as ``geometry`` or ``geography`` (you need to `install PostGIS <https://postgis.net/documentation/getting_started/>`_ first).
+
+.. code-block:: postgres
+
+  -- Activate the postgis module in the current database
+  create extension if not exists postgis;
+
+  create table coverage (
+    id int primary key,
+    name text unique,
+    area geometry
+  );
+
+To add areas in polygon format, you can use string representation:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+  curl "http://localhost:3000/coverage" \
+    -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+    -d @- << EOF
+    [
+      { "id": 1, "name": "small", "area": "SRID=4326;POLYGON((0 0, 1 0, 1 1, 0 1, 0 0))" },
+      { "id": 2, "name": "big", "area": "SRID=4326;POLYGON((0 0, 10 0, 10 10, 0 10, 0 0))" }
+    ]
+  EOF
+
+Now, when you request the information, PostgREST will automatically cast the ``area`` column into a ``Polygon`` geometry type. Although this is useful, you may need the whole output to be in `GeoJSON <https://geojson.org/>`_ format out of the box, which can be done by including the ``Accept: application/geo+json`` in the request. This will work for PostGIS versions 3.0.0 and up and will return the output as a `FeatureCollection Object <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7946#section-3.3>`_:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+  curl "http://localhost:3000/coverage" \
+    -H "Accept: application/geo+json"
+
+.. code-block:: json
+
+  {
+    "type": "FeatureCollection",
+    "features": [
+      {
+        "type": "Feature",
+        "geometry": {
+          "type": "Polygon",
+          "coordinates": [
+            [[0,0],[1,0],[1,1],[0,1],[0,0]]
+          ]
+        },
+        "properties": {
+          "id": 1,
+          "name": "small"
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "type": "Feature",
+        "geometry": {
+          "type": "Polygon",
+          "coordinates": [
+            [[0,0],[10,0],[10,10],[0,10],[0,0]]
+          ]
+        },
+        "properties": {
+          "id": 2,
+          "name": "big"
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+
+If you need to add an extra property, like the area in square units by using ``st_area(area)``, you could add a generated column to the table and it will appear in the ``properties`` key of each ``Feature``.
+
+.. code-block:: postgres
+
+  alter table coverage
+    add square_units double precision generated always as ( st_area(area) ) stored;
+
+In the case that you are using older PostGIS versions, then creating a function is your best option:
+
+.. code-block:: postgres
+
+  create or replace function coverage_geo_collection() returns json as $$
+    select
+      json_build_object(
+        'type', 'FeatureCollection',
+        'features', json_agg(
+          json_build_object(
+            'type', 'Feature',
+            'geometry', st_AsGeoJSON(c.area)::json,
+            'properties', json_build_object('id', c.id, 'name', c.name)
+          )
+        )
+      )
+    from coverage c;
+  $$ language sql;
+
+Now this query will return the same results:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+  curl "http://localhost:3000/rpc/coverage_geo_collection"
+
+.. code-block:: json
+
+  {
+    "type": "FeatureCollection",
+    "features": [
+      {
+        "type": "Feature",
+        "geometry": {
+          "type": "Polygon",
+          "coordinates": [
+            [[0,0],[1,0],[1,1],[0,1],[0,0]]
+          ]
+        },
+        "properties": {
+          "id": 1,
+          "name": "small"
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "type": "Feature",
+        "geometry": {
+          "type": "Polygon",
+          "coordinates": [
+            [[0,0],[10,0],[10,10],[0,10],[0,0]]
+          ]
+        },
+        "properties": {
+          "id": 2,
+          "name": "big"
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+
 Ranges
 ------

@@ -471,20 +609,3 @@ You can use other comparative filters and also all the `PostgreSQL special date/
      "due_date": "2022-02-27T06:00:00-05:00"
    }
  ]
-
-.. raw:: html
-
-  <script type="text/javascript">
-    let hash = window.location.hash;
-
-    const redirects = {
-      // PostGIS
-      '#postgis': '../integrations/postgis.html#postgis',
-    };
-
-    let willRedirectTo = redirects[hash];
-
-    if (willRedirectTo) {
-      window.location.href = willRedirectTo;
-    }
-  </script>
@@ -119,14 +119,11 @@ Releases
 PostgREST follows ``MAJOR.PATCH`` two-part versioning:

 - ``MAJOR``: feature release, may deprecate or remove things.
- ``PATCH``: fix/security release only, no features and no behavior changes.
+- ``PATCH``: fix/security release only; no features, no behavior changes.

-MAJOR releases are published twice a year, with their scope and target dates tracked through `GitHub milestones <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/milestones>`_.
-PATCH releases are published on an as-needed basis.
+Starting from ``v14.0``, only even-numbered MAJOR versions will be released, reserving odd-numbered MAJOR versions for development.

-Starting from ``v14.0``, only even-numbered MAJOR versions are released, reserving odd-numbered MAJOR versions for development.
-
-All releases are published on `PostgREST's GitHub release page <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/releases>`_, along with the corresponding upgrade guides.
+All the releases are published on `PostgREST's GitHub release page <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/releases>`_.

 Tutorials
 ---------
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-NixOS
-=====
-
-Nixpkgs contains a `NixOS module to run PostgREST <https://search.nixos.org/options?channel=unstable&query=services.postgrest&type=options>`_, which can be enabled with ``services.postgrest.enable = true``.
-
-A PostgreSQL server can be enabled on the same machine with ``services.postgresql.enable = true``. Connections will use the name of the system user as user and database names by default, in this case ``postgrest``.
-
-A minimal example could look like this:
-
-.. code-block:: nix
-
-  {
-    pkgs,
-    ...
-  }:
-
-  {
-    services.postgresql = {
-      enable = true;
-      initialScript = pkgs.writeText "init.sql" ''
-        CREATE ROLE postgrest LOGIN NOINHERIT;
-        CREATE ROLE anon ROLE postgrest;
-      '';
-    };
-
-    services.postgrest = {
-      enable = true;
-      settings.db-anon-role = "anon";
-      settings.db-uri.dbname = "postgres";
-    };
-  }
-
-This will expose the PostgREST server on localhost on the NixOS machine and allow anonymous access.
-
-.. tip::
-  NixOS also allows to quickly spin up different PostgreSQL versions or even forks this way. For example, to test the current beta version of `OrioleDB <https://www.orioledb.com>`_, use ``services.postgresql.package = pkgs.orioledb``.
@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
-.. _ww_postgis:
-
-PostGIS
-=======
-
-To work with `PostGIS <https://postgis.net/>`_ data types such as ``geometry`` or ``geography``, you'll need to `install PostGIS <https://postgis.net/documentation/getting_started/>`_ first.
-
-.. code-block:: postgres
-
-  -- Activate the postgis module in the current database
-  create extension if not exists postgis;
-
-  create table coverage (
-    id int primary key,
-    name text unique,
-    area geometry
-  );
-
-  insert into coverage (id, name, area) values
-    (1, 'small', ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((0 0, 1 0, 1 1, 0 1, 0 0))',4326)),
-    (2, 'big', ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((0 0, 10 0, 10 10, 0 10, 0 0))', 4326);
-
-.. _application/geo+json:
-
-``application/geo+json``
------------------------
-
-PostgREST supports the `standard <https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/geo+json>`_ ``application/geo+json`` media type which can be used to get the output in `GeoJSON <https://geojson.org/>`_ format. This will work for PostGIS versions 3.0.0 and up and will return the output as a `FeatureCollection Object <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7946#section-3.3>`_:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-  curl "http://localhost:3000/coverage" \
-    -H "Accept: application/geo+json"
-
-.. code-block:: json
-
-  {
-    "type": "FeatureCollection",
-    "features": [
-      {
-        "type": "Feature",
-        "geometry": {
-          "type": "Polygon",
-          "coordinates": [
-            [[0,0],[1,0],[1,1],[0,1],[0,0]]
-          ]
-        },
-        "properties": {
-          "id": 1,
-          "name": "small"
-        }
-      },
-      {
-        "type": "Feature",
-        "geometry": {
-          "type": "Polygon",
-          "coordinates": [
-            [[0,0],[10,0],[10,10],[0,10],[0,0]]
-          ]
-        },
-        "properties": {
-          "id": 2,
-          "name": "big"
-        }
-      }
-    ]
-  }
-
-Using generated columns
-----------------------
-
-If you need to add an extra property, like the area in square units by using ``st_area(area)``, you could add a generated column to the table and it will appear in the ``properties`` key of each ``Feature``.
-
-.. code-block:: postgres
-
-  alter table coverage
-    add square_units double precision generated always as ( st_area(area) ) stored;
-
-In the case that you are using older PostGIS versions, then creating a function is your best option:
-
-.. code-block:: postgres
-
-  create or replace function coverage_geo_collection() returns json as $$
-    select
-      json_build_object(
-        'type', 'FeatureCollection',
-        'features', json_agg(
-          json_build_object(
-            'type', 'Feature',
-            'geometry', st_AsGeoJSON(c.area)::json,
-            'properties', json_build_object('id', c.id, 'name', c.name)
-          )
-        )
-      )
-    from coverage c;
-  $$ language sql;
-
-Now this query will return the same results:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-  curl "http://localhost:3000/rpc/coverage_geo_collection"
-
-.. code-block:: json
-
-  {
-    "type": "FeatureCollection",
-    "features": [
-      {
-        "type": "Feature",
-        "geometry": {
-          "type": "Polygon",
-          "coordinates": [
-            [[0,0],[1,0],[1,1],[0,1],[0,0]]
-          ]
-        },
-        "properties": {
-          "id": 1,
-          "name": "small"
-        }
-      },
-      {
-        "type": "Feature",
-        "geometry": {
-          "type": "Polygon",
-          "coordinates": [
-            [[0,0],[10,0],[10,10],[0,10],[0,0]]
-          ]
-        },
-        "properties": {
-          "id": 2,
-          "name": "big"
-        }
-      }
-    ]
-  }
-
-Using string representation
---------------------------
-
-To insert areas in polygon format, you can use string representation:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-  curl "http://localhost:3000/coverage" \
-    -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-    -d @- << EOF
-    [
-      { "id": 3, "name": "strip", "area": "SRID=4326;POLYGON((0 0, 50 0, 50 2, 0 2, 0 0))" },
-      { "id": 4, "name": "diamond", "area": "SRID=4326;POLYGON((5 0, 10 5, 5 10, 0 5, 5 0))" }
-    ]
-  EOF
-
-PostgREST will automatically cast the ``area`` column into a ``Polygon`` geometry type. 
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 personal_ws-1.1 en 0 utf-8
 api
-autoscaling
 API's
 APIs
 APISIX
 AST
-async
 aud
 Auth
 auth
@@ -16,7 +14,6 @@ BOM
 Bytea
 Cardano
 cd
-CDNs
 centric
 CLI
 CMS
@@ -31,11 +28,10 @@ CSV
 durations
 DDL
 DOM
+DSL
 DevOps
-Dramatiq
 dockerize
 enum
-ECS
 Enums
 Entra
 eq
@@ -45,10 +41,7 @@ EveryLayout
 filename
 FreeBSD
 fts
-fullstack
-GC
 GeoJSON
-GHC
 Github
 Google
 grantor
@@ -77,6 +70,7 @@ isdistinct
 JS
 js
 JSON
+JSPath
 JWK
 JWT
 jwt
@@ -99,7 +93,6 @@ namespaced
 Nanos
 neq
 nginx
-NixOS
 nixpkgs
 npm
 nxl
@@ -145,13 +138,11 @@ Redux
 refactor
 reloadable
 Reloadable
-reuseport
 requester's
 RESTful
 RLS
 RPC
 RSA
-RTS
 safeupdate
 savepoint
 schemas
@@ -197,12 +188,9 @@ verifier
 versioning
 Vondra
 Vue
-webapp
 webhooks
 websearch
 Websockets
 webuser
 wfts
 www
-debouncing
-deduplicates
@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@
 Admin Server
 ############

-PostgREST provides an admin server that can be enabled by setting :ref:`admin-server-port` or :ref:`admin-server-unix-socket`.
-
-Multiple PostgREST instances can share the same public API host and port when :ref:`server-reuseport` is enabled. Admin ports are not shared: give each instance a different :ref:`admin-server-port`, otherwise the new instance will fail to start.
+PostgREST provides an admin server that can be enabled by setting :ref:`admin-server-port`.

 .. _health_check:

@@ -74,4 +72,5 @@ Provides the ``schema_cache`` endpoint that prints the runtime :ref:`schema_cach
    "dbRepresentations": ["..."],
    "dbRoutines": ["..."],
    "dbTables": ["..."],
+    "dbTimezones": ["..."]
  }
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ PostgREST exposes three database objects of a schema as resources: tables, views
   api/aggregate_functions.rst
   api/openapi.rst
   api/preferences.rst
-   api/vary_header.rst
   api/*

 .. raw:: html
@@ -69,26 +69,6 @@ If the function doesn't modify the database, it will also run under the GET meth

 The function parameter names match the JSON object keys in the POST case, for the GET case they match the query parameters ``?a=1&b=2``.

-If the function is defined to have default values for the parameters then arguments for these parameters can be omitted in the request. For instance:
-
-.. code-block:: postgres
-
-  CREATE FUNCTION greet_user(username TEXT DEFAULT 'guest')
-  RETURNS TEXT AS $$
-    SELECT 'Hello ' || username || '!';
-  $$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE;
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-  curl -i "http://localhost:3000/rpc/greet_user"
-
-.. code-block:: http
-
-  HTTP/1.1 200 OK
-  Context-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
-
-  "Hello guest!"
-
 .. _function_single_json:

 Functions with an array of JSON objects
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Using these domains, :ref:`functions <functions>` can become handlers and `user-

 .. important::

-  - PostgREST vendor media types (``application/vnd.pgrst.plan``, ``application/vnd.pgrst.object`` and ``application/vnd.pgrst.array``) cannot be overridden.
+  - PostgREST vendor media types (``application/vnd.pgrst.plan``, ``application/vnd.pgrst.object`` and ``application/vnd.pgrst.array``) cannot be overriden.
  - Long media types like ``application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document`` cannot be expressed as domains since they surpass `PostgreSQL identifier length <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/limits.html#LIMITS-TABLE>`_.
    For these you can use the :ref:`any_handler`.

@@ -62,12 +62,8 @@ The server ignores unrecognized or unfulfillable preferences by default. You can
 Timezone
 ========

-.. important::
+The ``timezone`` preference allows you to change the `PostgreSQL timezone <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-client.html#GUC-TIMEZONE>`_. It accepts all time zones in `pg_timezone_names <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/view-pg-timezone-names.html>`_.

-  ``handling=lenient`` is ignored for ``timezone``. Invalid time zones always return an error.
-
-The ``timezone`` preference allows you to change the `PostgreSQL timezone <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-client.html#GUC-TIMEZONE>`_.
-It accepts all time zones in `pg_timezone_names <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/view-pg-timezone-names.html>`_ and numeric offsets.

 .. code-block:: bash

@@ -88,36 +84,35 @@ It accepts all time zones in `pg_timezone_names <https://www.postgresql.org/docs
    {"t":"2023-10-18T09:37:59.611-07:00"}
  ]

-Offsets are also accepted:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-  curl -i "http://localhost:3000/timestamps" \
-    -H "Prefer: timezone=05:30"
-
-.. code-block:: http
-
-  HTTP/1.1 200 OK
-  Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
-  Preference-Applied: timezone=05:30
-
-.. code-block:: json
-
-  [
-    {"t":"2023-10-18T17:07:59.611+05:30"},
-    {"t":"2023-10-18T19:07:59.611+05:30"},
-    {"t":"2023-10-18T21:07:59.611+05:30"}
-  ]
-
-You can also use negative offsets like ``-03:00``.
-
-For an invalid time zone, PostgREST returns a database error.
+For an invalid time zone, PostgREST returns values with the default time zone (configured on ``postgresql.conf`` or as a setting on the :ref:`authenticator <roles>`).

 .. code-block:: bash

  curl -i "http://localhost:3000/timestamps" \
    -H "Prefer: timezone=Jupiter/Red_Spot"

+.. code-block:: http
+
+  HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+  Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
+
+.. code-block:: json
+
+  [
+    {"t":"2023-10-18T12:37:59.611+00:00"},
+    {"t":"2023-10-18T14:37:59.611+00:00"},
+    {"t":"2023-10-18T16:37:59.611+00:00"}
+  ]
+
+Note that there's no ``Preference-Applied`` in the response.
+
+However, with ``handling=strict``, an invalid time zone preference will throw an :ref:`error <pgrst122>`.
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+  curl -i "http://localhost:3000/timestamps" \
+    -H "Prefer: handling=strict, timezone=Jupiter/Red_Spot"
+
 .. code-block:: http

  HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
@@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ You can order the correlated arrays explicitly. For example, to order by the fil

 .. warning::

-   Aliasing spread columns is recommended since JSON allows duplicate keys. Example:
+   Aliasing spreaded columns is recommended since JSON allows duplicate keys. Example:

   .. code-block:: bash

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Builtin handlers are offered for common standard media types.

 * ``text/csv`` and ``application/json``, for all API endpoints. See :ref:`tables_views` and :ref:`functions`.
 * ``application/openapi+json``, for the root endpoint. See :ref:`open-api`.
-* ``application/geo+json``, see :ref:`application/geo+json`.
+* ``application/geo+json``, see :ref:`ww_postgis`.
 * ``*/*``, resolves to ``application/json`` for API endpoints and to ``application/openapi+json`` for the root endpoint.

 The following vendor media types handlers are also supported.
@@ -5,10 +5,6 @@ Schemas

 PostgREST can expose a single or multiple schema's tables, views and functions. The :ref:`active database role <roles>` must have the usage privilege on the schemas to access them.

-.. important::
-  
-  ``pg_catalog`` and ``information_schema`` are not allowed in :ref:`db-schemas`. This is done to prevent leaking sensitive information and hence they cannot be accessed directly. If you wish to expose objects of these schemas, expose another schema that contains wrapper views or functions over ``pg_catalog`` or ``information_schema`` objects.
-
 Single schema
 -------------

@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ However, it can work with surrogate primary keys (e.g. ``id serial primary key``

 .. code-block:: bash

-  curl "http://localhost:3000/employees?columns=id,name,salary" \
+  curl "http://localhost:3000/employees?colums=id,name,salary" \
    -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -H "Prefer: resolution=merge-duplicates, missing=default" \
    -d @- << EOF
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Custom Queries

 The PostgREST URL grammar limits the kinds of queries clients can perform. It prevents arbitrary, potentially poorly constructed and slow client queries. It's good for quality of service, but means database administrators must create custom views and functions to provide richer endpoints. The most common causes for custom endpoints are

-* SET operators like `UNION, INTERSECT and EXCEPT <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/queries-union.html>`_.
+* Table unions
 * More complicated joins than those provided by :ref:`resource_embedding`.
 * Geo-spatial queries that require an argument, like "points near (lat,lon)"

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ You can request table/columns with spaces in them by percent encoding the spaces
 Reserved characters
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

-If filters include PostgREST reserved characters(``,``, ``.``, ``:``, ``*``, ``(``, ``)``) you'll have to surround them in percent encoded double quotes ``%22`` for correct processing.
+If filters include PostgREST reserved characters(``,``, ``.``, ``:``, ``()``) you'll have to surround them in percent encoded double quotes ``%22`` for correct processing.

 Here ``Hebdon,John`` and ``Williams,Mary`` are values.

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-.. _vary_header:
-
-Vary Header
-===========
-
-In order to assist caching proxies and CDNs, PostgREST includes a ``Vary`` header of value
-``Accept, Prefer, Range`` in its responses which should fit most of the bills. As any other
-response header, it's available for override
-by updating ``response.headers`` GUC variable accordingly, for example:
-
-.. code-block:: postgres
-
-   -- Override the Vary header to include Accept, Prefer and X-Test-Vary headers
-   perform set_config('response.headers', '[{"Vary": "Accept, Prefer, X-Test-Vary"}]', true);
-
-In this case PostgREST will use provided value verbatim.
@@ -217,38 +217,47 @@ It's recommended to leave the JWT cache enabled as our load tests indicate ~20%

  - If the ``jwt-secret`` is changed and the config is reloaded, the JWT cache will reset.
  - JWTs that pass :ref:`jwt_signature` are cached, regardless if they pass :ref:`jwt_claims_validation`. We do this to ensure responses stays fast under common failure cases (such as expired JWTs).
-  - You can use the :ref:`server-timing_header` to see the performance benefit of JWT caching.
+  - You can use the :ref:`server-timing_header` to see the peformance benefit of JWT caching.

 .. _jwt_role_extract:

 JWT Role Extraction
 -------------------

-A JSON Path (`RFC 9535 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9535.html>`_) can be specified for the location of the :code:`role` key in the JWT claims. It's configured by :ref:`jwt-role-claim-key`. This can be used to consume a JWT provided by a third party service like Auth0, Okta, Microsoft Entra or Keycloak.
+A JSPath DSL that specifies the location of the :code:`role` key in the JWT claims. It's configured by :ref:`jwt-role-claim-key`. This can be used to consume a JWT provided by a third party service like Auth0, Okta, Microsoft Entra or Keycloak.

-You can quickly try out JSON Path by visiting https://serdejsonpath.live.
+The DSL follows the `JSONPath <https://goessner.net/articles/JsonPath/>`_ expression grammar with extended string comparison operators. Supported operators are:
+
+- ``==`` selects the first array element that exactly matches the right operand
+- ``!=`` selects the first array element that does not match the right operand
+- ``^==`` selects the first array element that starts with the right operand
+- ``==^`` selects the first array element that ends with the right operand
+- ``*==`` selects the first array element that contains the right operand

 Usage examples:

  .. code:: bash

    # {"postgrest":{"roles": ["other", "author"]}}
-    jwt-role-claim-key = "$$.postgrest.roles[1]"
+    # the DSL accepts characters that are alphanumerical or one of "_$@" as keys
+    jwt-role-claim-key = ".postgrest.roles[1]"

    # {"https://www.example.com/role": { "key": "author" }}
-    # non-alphanumerical characters can go inside single quotes
-    jwt-role-claim-key = "$$['https://www.example.com/role'].key"
+    # non-alphanumerical characters can go inside quotes(escaped in the config value)
+    jwt-role-claim-key = ".\"https://www.example.com/role\".key"

    # {"postgrest":{"roles": ["other", "author"]}}
-    # filter based on equality or regular expression
-    jwt-role-claim-key = "$$.postgrest.roles[?(@ == 'author')]"
-    jwt-role-claim-key = "$$.postgrest.roles[?search(@, '^au')]"
+    # `@` represents the current element in the array
+    # all the these match the string "author"
+    jwt-role-claim-key = ".postgrest.roles[?(@ == \"author\")]"
+    jwt-role-claim-key = ".postgrest.roles[?(@ != \"other\")]"
+    jwt-role-claim-key = ".postgrest.roles[?(@ ^== \"aut\")]"
+    jwt-role-claim-key = ".postgrest.roles[?(@ ==^ \"hor\")]"
+    jwt-role-claim-key = ".postgrest.roles[?(@ *== \"utho\")]"

 .. note::

-  - If JSON Path query returns multiple values, the first one gets selected.
-  - Only when using the :ref:`file_config`, all ``$`` characters in the value must be escaped with an additional ``$`` char. For :ref:`env_variables_config` and :ref:`in_db_config`, only use a single ``$`` char.
-  - In our implementation, only the `search()` function from `JSON Path Functions <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9535.html#name-function-extensions>`_ is available for filtering.
+  The string comparison operators are implemented as a custom extension to the JSPath and does not strictly follow the `RFC 9535 <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9535.html>`_.

 JWT Security
 ------------
@@ -176,46 +176,6 @@ admin-server-port

  Specifies the port for the :ref:`admin_server`. Cannot be equal to :ref:`server-port`.

-.. _admin-server-unix-socket:
-
-admin-server-unix-socket
------------------------
-
-  =============== =================================
-  **Type**        String
-  **Default**     `n/a`
-  **Reloadable**  N
-  **Environment** PGRST_ADMIN_SERVER_UNIX_SOCKET
-  **In-Database** `n/a`
-  =============== =================================
-
-  `Unix domain socket <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_domain_socket>`_ where to bind the :ref:`admin_server`.
-  If specified, this takes precedence over :ref:`admin-server-port`. Example:
-
-  .. code:: bash
-
-    admin-server-unix-socket = "/tmp/pgrst-admin.sock"
-
-.. _admin-server-unix-socket-mode:
-
-admin-server-unix-socket-mode
-----------------------------
-
-  =============== ===================================
-  **Type**        String
-  **Default**     660
-  **Reloadable**  N
-  **Environment** PGRST_ADMIN_SERVER_UNIX_SOCKET_MODE
-  **In-Database** `n/a`
-  =============== ===================================
-
-  `Unix file mode <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system_permissions>`_ to be set for the socket specified in :ref:`admin-server-unix-socket`
-  Needs to be a valid octal between 600 and 777.
-
-  .. code:: bash
-
-    admin-server-unix-socket-mode = "660"
-
 .. _app.settings.*:

 app.settings.*
@@ -235,33 +195,6 @@ app.settings.*

  The :code:`current_setting` function has `an optional boolean second <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-admin.html#FUNCTIONS-ADMIN-SET>`_ argument to avoid it from raising an error if the value was not defined. Default values to :code:`app.settings` can then be given by combining this argument with :code:`coalesce` and :code:`nullif` : :code:`coalesce(nullif(current_setting('app.settings.my_custom_variable', true), ''), 'default value')`. The use of :code:`nullif` is necessary because if set in a transaction, the setting is sometimes not "rolled back" to :code:`null`. See also :ref:`this section <guc_req_headers_cookies_claims>` for more information on this behaviour.

-.. _client-error-verbosity:
-
-client-error-verbosity
----------------------
-
-  =============== =======================
-  **Type**        String
-  **Default**     verbose
-  **Reloadable**  Y
-  **Environment** PGRST_CLIENT_ERROR_VERBOSITY
-  **In-Database** pgrst.client_error_verbosity
-  =============== =======================
-
-  Specifies the verbosity of PostgREST errors. See :ref:`client_error_verbosity`.
-
-  .. code:: bash
-
-    # Return error "code", "message", "details" and "hint"
-    client-error-verbosity = "verbose"
-
-    # Return only "code" and "message"
-    client-error-verbosity = "minimal"
-
-  .. note::
-
-    This setting only affects client side error messages. Server side logs are not affected by this setting.
-
 .. _db-aggregates-enabled:

 db-aggregates-enabled
@@ -331,7 +264,7 @@ db-channel-enabled

  When this is set to :code:`true`, the notification channel specified in :ref:`db-channel` is enabled.

-  You should set this to ``false`` when using PostgreSQL behind an external connection pooler such as PgBouncer working in transaction pooling mode. See :ref:`this section <external_connection_poolers>` for more information.
+  You should set this to ``false`` when using PostgresSQL behind an external connection pooler such as PgBouncer working in transaction pooling mode. See :ref:`this section <external_connection_poolers>` for more information.

 .. _db-config:

@@ -546,7 +479,7 @@ db-prepared-statements

  When disabled, the generated queries will be parameterized (invulnerable to SQL injection) but they will not be prepared (cached in the database session). Not using prepared statements will noticeably decrease performance, so it's recommended to always have this setting enabled.

-  You should only set this to ``false`` when using PostgreSQL behind an external connection pooler such as PgBouncer working in transaction pooling mode. See :ref:`this section <external_connection_poolers>` for more information.
+  You should only set this to ``false`` when using PostgresSQL behind an external connection pooler such as PgBouncer working in transaction pooling mode. See :ref:`this section <external_connection_poolers>` for more information.

 .. _db-root-spec:

@@ -593,7 +526,7 @@ db-tx-end
  **In-Database** pgrst.db_tx_end
  =============== =================================

-  Specifies how to terminate the database transactions. See :ref:`prefer_tx`.
+  Specifies how to terminate the database transactions.

  .. code:: bash

@@ -679,7 +612,7 @@ jwt-role-claim-key

  =============== =================================
  **Type**        String
-  **Default**     $.role
+  **Default**     .role
  **Reloadable**  Y
  **Environment** PGRST_JWT_ROLE_CLAIM_KEY
  **In-Database** pgrst.jwt_role_claim_key
@@ -689,10 +622,6 @@ jwt-role-claim-key

  See :ref:`jwt_role_extract` on how to specify key paths and usage examples.

-.. warning::
-
-  Only when using :ref:`file_config`, the ``$`` char needs to be escaped, so use ``$$`` and PostgREST will interpret it as a single ``$`` character.
-
 .. _jwt-secret:

 jwt-secret
@@ -752,7 +681,7 @@ log-level
  =============== =================================
  **Type**        String
  **Default**     error
-  **Reloadable**  Y
+  **Reloadable**  N
  **Environment** PGRST_LOG_LEVEL
  **In-Database** `n/a`
  =============== =================================
@@ -928,50 +857,6 @@ server-port

  The TCP port to bind the web server. Use ``0`` to automatically assign a port.

-.. _server-reuseport:
-
-server-reuseport
----------------
-
-  =============== =================================
-  **Type**        Bool
-  **Default**     false
-  **Reloadable**  N
-  **Environment** PGRST_SERVER_REUSEPORT
-  **In-Database** `n/a`
-  =============== =================================
-
-  Enables ``SO_REUSEPORT`` on the TCP server socket. This allows multiple
-  PostgREST processes to bind to the same :ref:`server-host` and
-  :ref:`server-port` when the operating system supports it.
-  
-  For example, two PostgREST processes can use the same configuration:
-
-  .. code:: ini
-
-    server-host = "127.0.0.1"
-    server-port = 3000
-    server-reuseport = true
-
-  New connections are then distributed by the operating system between the
-  running PostgREST processes. This can be used to start a replacement process
-  before stopping the old one, or to run several PostgREST processes behind one
-  port.
-
-  If ``server-reuseport`` is disabled, starting another PostgREST process on
-  the same host and port will fail with the usual address-in-use error.
-
-  Enabling this setting on an operating system that does not support
-  ``SO_REUSEPORT`` is a configuration error. PostgREST will fail to start
-  instead of falling back to a normal TCP socket.
-
-  When running multiple PostgREST instances on the same :ref:`server-port`, use
-  a different ``admin-server-port`` for each instance. Admin ports are not shared
-  between instances, so readiness checks always target one specific PostgREST
-  instance.
-
-  This setting does not apply when :ref:`server-unix-socket` is used.
-
 .. _server-trace-header:

 server-trace-header
@@ -1042,37 +927,3 @@ server-unix-socket-mode
  .. code:: bash

    server-unix-socket-mode = "660"
-
-.. _url-use-legacy-target-names:
-
-url-use-legacy-target-names
---------------------------
-
-  =============== =================================
-  **Type**        Boolean
-  **Default**     True
-  **Reloadable**  Y
-  **Environment** PGRST_URL_USE_LEGACY_TARGET_NAMES
-  **In-Database** pgrst.url_use_legacy_target_names
-  =============== =================================
-
-  When active, it allows using the the name of an embedded table in filters, orders or limits even if it has an alias:
-
-  .. code:: bash
-
-    curl "http://localhost:3000/table?select=alias:target(*)&target.order=id" -i
-
-  .. code:: text
-
-    Warning: 299 PostgRESTv16 "Embedded resource was referenced by relation name even though it has an alias. This is deprecated and will stop working in a future release. Update `target` to `alias` in query string filters, orders or limits."
-    [...]
-
-  Note that the response includes a deprecation message in the ``Warning`` header.
-  This will also show in the PostgREST logs:
-
-  .. code::
-
-    28/May/2026:20:33:22 -0500: WARNING: Embedded resource was referenced by relation name even though it has an alias. This is deprecated and will stop working in a future release.
-    28/May/2026:20:33:22 -0500: Update filters, orders or limits that use `target` to `alias` in `GET /table?select=alias:target(*)&target.order=id`
-
-  This feature will be removed in a future release, so you should start using the ``alias`` in these cases.
@@ -47,8 +47,6 @@ Under a busy system, the :ref:`db-pool-max-idletime` won't be reached and the co
 To avoid this problem and save resources, a connection max lifetime (:ref:`db-pool-max-lifetime`) is enforced.
 After the max lifetime is reached, connections from the pool will be released and new ones will be created. This doesn't affect running requests, only unused connections will be released.

-.. _pool_timeout:
-
 Acquisition Timeout
 -------------------

@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ Related to the HTTP request elements.
 |               |             | :ref:`switching schemas <multiple-schemas>` is not present  |
 | PGRST106      |             | in the :ref:`db-schemas` configuration variable.            |
 +---------------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
-| .. _pgrst107: | 406         | The ``Accept`` media type sent in the request is invalid.   |
+| .. _pgrst107: | 415         | The ``Content-Type`` sent in the request is invalid.        |
 |               |             |                                                             |
 | PGRST107      |             |                                                             |
 +---------------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -473,38 +473,3 @@ For example, doing a request on a table with high count (say 30_000_000), we get
  Proxy-Status: PostgREST; error=57014

 The PostgreSQL error code ``57014`` (`ref <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/errcodes-appendix.html>`_) reveals that the error is due to a short ``statement_timeout`` value.
-
-.. _client_error_verbosity:
-
-Client Error Verbosity
-======================
-
-For HTTP clients, the error verbosity can be set via :ref:`client-error-verbosity` config.
-
-With ``verbose``, it returns ``code``, ``message``, ``details`` and ``hint``.
-
-.. code:: bash
-
-  curl "localhost:3000/itemsxx"
-
-.. code-block:: json
-
-  {
-      "code": "PGRST205",
-      "message": "Could not find the table 'public.itemsxx' in the schema cache",
-      "details": "Perhaps you meant the table 'public.items'",
-      "hint": null
-  }
-
-With ``minimal``, just ``code`` and ``message`` is returned.
-
-.. code:: bash
-
-  curl "localhost:3000/itemsxx"
-
-.. code-block:: json
-
-  {
-      "code": "PGRST205",
-      "message": "Could not find the table 'public.itemsxx' in the schema cache"
-  }
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-.. _http_server:
-
-HTTP Server
-###########
-
-The HTTP server is provided by `Warp <https://aosabook.org/en/posa/warp.html>`_.
-
-Graceful shutdown
-----------------
-
-PostgREST uses Warp's graceful shutdown, when a ``SIGTERM`` is received:
-
- It stops accepting new requests.
- Allows requests that are already in progress to finish.
- Closes idle ``Keep-Alive`` connections instead of waiting for them to expire.
- Responses sent during shutdown indicate that the connection should not be reused (e.g. for HTTP/1.x, it sends ``Connection: close``).
-
-This allows PostgREST to shut down promptly without interrupting in-flight requests. Useful for zero-downtime upgrades and autoscaling/load-balancing under cloud environments (AWS ECS, Kubernetes).
@@ -46,9 +46,7 @@ This will cause the :ref:`connection_pool` to connect to the read replica host a

 .. note::

-  - Under the hood, PostgREST forces `target_session_attrs=read-write <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-TARGET-SESSION-ATTRS>`_ for the ``LISTEN`` session.
-    So if you specify ``target_session_attrs=read-only`` as mentioned above, PostgREST will override it for the ``LISTEN``.
-  - ``read-only`` is only available on libpq >= 14, if you use a lower version you will get an error like ``invalid target_session_attrs value: \"read-only\"``.
+  Under the hood, PostgREST forces `target_session_attrs=read-write <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-TARGET-SESSION-ATTRS>`_ for the ``LISTEN`` session.

 .. _listener_automatic_recovery:

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ For diagnostic information about the server itself, PostgREST logs to ``stderr``
   06/May/2024:08:16:11 -0500: Listening for database notifications on the "pgrst" channel
   06/May/2024:08:16:11 -0500: Config reloaded
   06/May/2024:08:16:11 -0500: Schema cache queried in 3.8 milliseconds
-   06/May/2024:08:16:11 -0500: Schema cache loaded 15 Relations, 8 Relationships, 8 RPCs, 0 Domain Representations, 4 Media Type Handlers
+   06/May/2024:08:16:11 -0500: Schema cache loaded 15 Relations, 8 Relationships, 8 Functions, 0 Domain Representations, 4 Media Type Handlers
   06/May/2024:14:11:27 -0500: Received a config reload message on the "pgrst" channel
   06/May/2024:14:11:27 -0500: Config reloaded

@@ -238,45 +238,6 @@ pgrst_jwt_cache_evictions_total

 The total number of JWT cache evictions.

-GHC Runtime Metrics
-------------------
-
-PostgREST can also expose GHC runtime system metrics. These use the ``ghc_*``
-prefix and include
-`GHC RTS statistics <https://ghc.gitlab.haskell.org/ghc/doc/libraries/base-4.22.0.0-inplace/GHC-Stats.html#g:1>`_
-for runtime allocation, garbage collection, memory, and CPU/elapsed time.
-
-These are useful for monitoring PostgREST process health and diagnosing memory
-pressure or GC behavior.
-
-To expose these metrics, enable GHC RTS statistics when starting PostgREST:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-  postgrest +RTS -T -RTS
-
-When enabled, the admin ``/metrics`` endpoint includes samples such as:
-
-.. code-block:: text
-
-  # HELP ghc_gcs_total Total number of GCs
-  # TYPE ghc_gcs_total counter
-  ghc_gcs_total 1
-  # HELP ghc_allocated_bytes_total Total bytes allocated
-  # TYPE ghc_allocated_bytes_total counter
-  ghc_allocated_bytes_total 12345678
-
-Other available GHC runtime metrics include:
-
- ``ghc_gcs_total``
- ``ghc_major_gcs_total``
- ``ghc_allocated_bytes_total``
- ``ghc_max_live_bytes``
- ``ghc_max_mem_in_use_bytes``
- ``ghc_mutator_cpu_seconds_total``
- ``ghc_gc_cpu_seconds_total``
- ``ghc_elapsed_seconds_total``
-
 Traces
 ======

@@ -430,8 +391,6 @@ By default the plan is assumed to generate the JSON representation of a resource

 The other available parameters are ``analyze``, ``verbose``, ``settings``, ``buffers`` and ``wal``, which correspond to the `EXPLAIN command options <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-explain.html>`_. To use the ``analyze`` and ``wal`` parameters for example, you would add them like ``Accept: application/vnd.pgrst.plan; options=analyze|wal``.

-For a workflow that takes the ``Query Identifier`` from a verbose PostgREST plan and uses it to inspect the same query in ``pg_stat_statements``, see :ref:`debugging_performance_pg_stat_statements`.
-
 Note that akin to the EXPLAIN command, the changes will be committed when using the ``analyze`` option. To avoid this, you can use the :ref:`db-tx-end` and the ``Prefer: tx=rollback`` header.

 Securing the Execution Plan
@@ -3,16 +3,10 @@
 Schema Cache
 ============

-PostgREST requires metadata from the database to provide a REST API that abstracts SQL details. One example of this is the interface for :ref:`resource_embedding`.
+PostgREST requires metadata from the database schema to provide a REST API that abstracts SQL details. One example of this is the interface for :ref:`resource_embedding`.

 Getting this metadata requires expensive queries. To avoid repeating this work, PostgREST uses a schema cache.

-.. note::
-
-  - Schema cache queries have been optimized over time to stay fast, even on complex databases. You can see a summary of their execution time in :ref:`pgrst_logging` and :ref:`metrics`.
-  - If the schema cache queries are slow, the most likely cause is *system catalog bloat*, see `issue#3212 <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/issues/3212>`_ for more details.
-  - You can turn the :ref:`log-level` to ``debug`` to see the time of each schema cache query.
-
 .. _schema_reloading:

 Schema Cache Reloading
@@ -24,7 +18,7 @@ You can do this with UNIX signals or with PostgreSQL notifications. It's also po

 .. note::

-  - If the schema cache fails to reload (e.g. due to a ``statement_timeout`` or :ref:`pool timeout <pool_timeout>`), PostgREST will continue serving requests in a "best effort" basis.
+  - Requests will wait until the schema cache reload is done. This to prevent client errors due to an stale schema cache.
  - If you are using the :ref:`in_db_config`, a schema cache reload will :ref:`reload the configuration<config_reloading>` as well.

 .. _schema_reloading_signals:
@@ -59,19 +53,6 @@ To reload the schema cache from within the database, you can use the ``NOTIFY``

  NOTIFY pgrst, 'reload schema'

-Debouncing
-~~~~~~~~~~
-
-PostgREST does not reload the schema cache for each notification when several ``NOTIFY pgrst`` events are generated quickly after one another.
-
-There are two cases to consider: when notifications are sent within a single transaction and when they are sent across multiple transactions.
-
-In the first case, PostgreSQL deduplicates identical ``NOTIFY`` events within the same transaction. This means that even if multiple ``NOTIFY pgrst`` statements are executed before a ``COMMIT``, only a single notification is delivered to PostgREST.
-
-In the second case, when notifications are sent from separate transactions in a short time span, PostgREST applies a debouncing mechanism to avoid excessive schema cache reloads.
-
-Instead of reloading the schema cache for each notification, events are grouped within a small time window of 100 milliseconds. The reload function is executed once immediately when the first notification is received and once more after the burst of events settles, resulting in at most two executions within that time window.
-
 .. _auto_schema_reloading:

 Automatic Schema Cache Reloading
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ Notice that the ``response.headers`` should be set to an *array* of single-key o

 .. note::

-  PostgREST provided headers such as ``Content-Type``, ``Location``, etc. can be overridden this way. Note that irrespective of overridden ``Content-Type`` response header, the content will still be converted to JSON, unless you use :ref:`custom_media`.
+  PostgREST provided headers such as ``Content-Type``, ``Location``, etc. can be overriden this way. Note that irrespective of overridden ``Content-Type`` response header, the content will still be converted to JSON, unless you use :ref:`custom_media`.

 .. _guc_resp_status:

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # This file is auto-generated by postgrest-nixpkgs-upgrade
-sphinx==9.1.0
+sphinx==8.2.3
 sphinx-copybutton==0.5.2
 sphinx-rtd-dark-mode==1.3.0
-sphinx-rtd-theme==3.1.0
-sphinx-tabs==3.5.0
-sphinxext-opengraph==0.13.0
+sphinx-rtd-theme==3.0.2
+sphinx-tabs==3.4.7
+sphinxext-opengraph==0.9.1
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Step 1. Install PostgreSQL

 If you're already familiar with using PostgreSQL and have it installed on your system you can use the existing installation (see :ref:`pg-dependency` for minimum requirements). For this tutorial we'll describe how to use the database in Docker because database configuration is otherwise too complicated for a simple tutorial.

-If Docker is not installed, you can get it `here <https://www.docker.com/get-started>`_. Make sure that Docker service is `started <https://docs.docker.com/engine/daemon/start/#start-the-daemon-using-operating-system-utilities>`_. Next, let's pull and start the database image:
+If Docker is not installed, you can get it `here <https://www.docker.com/get-started>`_. Next, let's pull and start the database image:

 .. code-block:: bash

@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ Go back to :ref:`tut1_step3` and change the payload to

 .. code-block:: bash

-  payload=$(echo -n "{\"role\":\"todo_user\",\"exp\":123456789}" | _base64)
+  payload=$(echo -n "{\"role\":\"todo_user\",\"exp\":\"123456789\"}" | _base64)

  echo -n "$header.$payload.$signature"

@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@
  "nodes": {
    "nixpkgs": {
      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1784115452,
-        "narHash": "sha256-BoYPdqk6jlKXy+DyUzyGV/CtRGfAhk2MmIgBhsemTGI=",
+        "lastModified": 1752006229,
+        "narHash": "sha256-BeuAPwNM2RBc5bvUTb0j4GRs2yBkDeRCw/8Y3v9Xesc=",
        "owner": "nixos",
        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "35d3407a3816f3b341d8cf1d60abaf2b7b8166ac",
+        "rev": "c80edd02003fe3d8af527215a3ac069be9cfd47f",
        "type": "github"
      },
      "original": {
        "owner": "nixos",
-        "ref": "nixpkgs-unstable",
+        "ref": "nixpkgs-25.05-darwin",
        "repo": "nixpkgs",
        "type": "github"
      }
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  description = "REST API for any Postgres database";

  inputs = {
-    nixpkgs.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixpkgs-unstable";
+    nixpkgs.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixpkgs-25.05-darwin";
  };

  nixConfig = {
@@ -46,9 +46,5 @@
          meta.description = "REST API for any Postgres database";
        };
      });
-
-      devShells = genSystems (postgrest: {
-        default = import ./shell.nix { inherit postgrest; };
-      });
    };
 }
@@ -70,16 +70,55 @@ The PostgREST utilities available in `nix-shell` all have names that begin with
 `<tab>`) in `nix-shell` to see all that are available:

 ```bash
+# Note: The utilities listed here might not be up to date.
 [nix-shell]$ postgrest-<tab>
-postgrest-build
-postgrest-cabal-update
-postgrest-check
-postgrest-clean
-postgrest-commitlint
+postgrest-build                   postgrest-parallel-curl
+postgrest-check                   postgrest-profiled-run
+postgrest-clean                   postgrest-push-cachix
+postgrest-commitlint              postgrest-release
+postgrest-coverage                postgrest-repl
+postgrest-coverage-draft-overlay  postgrest-run
+postgrest-docs-build              postgrest-style
+postgrest-docs-check              postgrest-style-check
+postgrest-docs-dictcheck          postgrest-test-big-schema
+postgrest-docs-linkcheck          postgrest-test-doctests
+postgrest-docs-render             postgrest-test-io
+postgrest-docs-serve              postgrest-test-memory
+postgrest-docs-spellcheck         postgrest-test-replica
+postgrest-dump-minimal-imports    postgrest-test-spec
+postgrest-dump-schema             postgrest-test-spec-idempotence
+postgrest-gen-ctags               postgrest-watch
+postgrest-gen-jwt                 postgrest-with-all
+postgrest-gen-secret              postgrest-with-git
+postgrest-git-hooks               postgrest-with-pgrst
+postgrest-hsie-graph-modules      postgrest-with-pg-13
+postgrest-hsie-graph-symbols      postgrest-with-pg-14
+postgrest-hsie-minimal-imports    postgrest-with-pg-15
+postgrest-lint                    postgrest-with-pg-16
+postgrest-loadtest                postgrest-with-pg-17
+postgrest-loadtest-against        postgrest-with-slow-pg
+postgrest-loadtest-report         postgrest-with-slow-postgrest
+postgrest-nixpkgs-upgrade
 ...
+
+[nix-shell]$
+
 ```

-Most of these commands provide a `--help` output, make sure to check it out.
+The `docker` module has large dependencies to be build before the shell becomes
+available, which could take an especially long time if the cachix binary cache
+is not used. You can activate it by passing a flag to `nix-shell` with
+`nix-shell --arg docker true`. This will make the respective utilities available:
+
+```bash
+$ nix-shell --arg docker true
+[nix-shell]$ postgrest-docker-<tab>
+postgrest-docker-load
+...
+
+```
+
+Note that `postgrest-docker-load` is now also available.

 To run one-off commands, you can also use `nix-shell --run <command>`, which
 will launch the Nix shell, run that one command and exit. Note that the tab
@@ -95,6 +134,16 @@ $ nix-shell --run "postgrest-foo --bar"

 ```

+A third option is to install utilities that you use very often locally:
+
+```bash
+$ nix-env -f default.nix -iA devTools
+
+# `postgrest-style` can now be run directly:
+$ postgrest-style
+
+```
+
 If you use `nix-shell` very often, you might like to use
 https://github.com/xzfc/cached-nix-shell, which skips evaluating all our Nix
 expressions if nothing changed, reducing startup time for the shell
@@ -125,7 +174,7 @@ $ nix-shell --run "postgrest-with-all postgrest-test-spec"

 # Run the tests against a specific version of PostgreSQL (use tab-completion in
 # nix-shell to see all available versions):
-$ nix-shell --run "postgrest-with-pg-17 postgrest-test-spec"
+$ nix-shell --run "postgrest-with-pg-13 postgrest-test-spec"

 ```

@@ -160,7 +209,13 @@ The loadtests ensure that performance doesn't drop on a change. Underlyingly the
 [nix-shell]$ postgrest-loadtest

 # You can loadtest comparing to a different branch
-[nix-shell]$ postgrest-loadtest-against main
+[nix-shell]$ postgrest-loadtest-against master
+
+# You can simulate latency client/postgrest and postgrest/database
+[nix-shell]$ PGRST_DELAY=5ms PGDELAY=5ms postgrest-loadtest
+
+# You can build postgrest directly with cabal for faster iteration
+[nix-shell]$ PGRST_BUILD_CABAL=1 postgrest-loadtest

 # Produce a markdown report to be used on CI
 [nix-shell]$ postgrest-loadtest-report
@@ -16,8 +16,11 @@ The following checklist guides you through the complete process in more detail.
 ## Upgrade the pinned version of `nixpkgs`

 The pinned version of [`nixpkgs`](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs) is defined
-in [`flake.nix`](../flake.nix). To upgrade it, you can use a small utility
-script defined in [`nix/tools/nixpkgsTools.nix`](tools/nixpkgsTools.nix):
+in [`nix/nixpkgs-version.nix`](nixpkgs-version.nix). The pin refers directly to
+a GitHub tarball for the given revision, which is more efficient than pulling
+the complete Git repository. To upgrade it to the current `main` of
+`nixpkgs`, you can use a small utility script defined in
+[`nix/nixpkgs-update.nix`](nixpkgs-update.nix):

 ```bash
 # From the root of the repository, enter nix-shell
@@ -27,12 +30,21 @@ nix-shell
 postgrest-nixpkgs-upgrade

 # Exit the nix-shell with Ctrl-d
+
 ```

 ## Review overlays

 Check whether the individual [overlays](overlays) are still required.

+## Check if patches are still required and update them as needed
+
+We track a number of PostgREST-specific patches in [`nix/patches`](patches).
+Check whether the pull-requests/issues linked in the
+[`default.nix`](patches/default.nix) have progressed and remove/modify the
+patches if they did. If conflicting changes occurred, you might have to rebase
+the respective patches.
+
 ## Build everything

 Using the PostgREST binary Nix cache is recommended. Install
@@ -46,19 +58,25 @@ errors, this is probably due to one of our patches. Try to fix them and re-run

 ## Update the PostgREST binary cache

-If you have access to the PostgREST cachix project, you can push the
+If you have access to the PostgREST cachix signing key, you can push the
 artifacts that you built locally to the binary cache. This will accelerate the
 CI builds and tests, sometimes dramatically. This might sometimes even be
 required to avoid build timeouts in CI.

-You'll need to login with your token with `cachix authtoken <token>`.
+You'll need to set the `CACHIX_SIGNING_KEY` before proceeding, e.g. by creating
+a file containing `export CACHIX_SIGNING_KEY=...` and sourcing that file, which
+avoids having the secret in your shell history.

 To push all new artifacts to Cachix, run:

 ```
+nix-store -qR --include-outputs $$(nix-instantiate) | cachix push postgrest
+
+# Or, equivalently
 nix-shell --run postgrest-push-cachix
+
 ```

-The `postgrest-push-cachix` command will query the nix-store to list all
-dependencies and build artifacts of PostgREST. It will then push
+The `nix-store` command will query the nix-store to list all dependencies and
+build artifacts of PostgREST. The `cachix` command will efficiently push
 everything that is not yet cached to the binary cache.
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 {-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE RecordWildCards   #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE TupleSections     #-}
-{-# LANGUAGE TypeApplications  #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE TypeFamilies      #-}

 -- | Haskell Imports and Exports tool
@@ -34,15 +33,13 @@ import Data.Function              ((&))
 import Data.List                  (intercalate)
 import Data.Maybe                 (catMaybes, mapMaybe)
 import Data.Text                  (Text)
-import GHC.Driver.Errors.Types    (GhcMessage)
 import GHC.Generics               (Generic)
 import GHC.Hs.Extension           (GhcPs)
-import GHC.Types.Error            (Messages, defaultDiagnosticOpts, getMessages)
+import GHC.Types.Error            (getMessages)
 import GHC.Types.Name.Occurrence  (occNameString)
 import GHC.Types.Name.Reader      (rdrNameOcc)
-import GHC.Unit.Module            (moduleNameString)
+import GHC.Unit.Module.Name       (moduleNameString)
 import GHC.Utils.Error            (pprMsgEnvelopeBagWithLoc)
-import GHC.Utils.Outputable       (showSDocUnsafe)
 import System.Directory.Recursive (getFilesRecursive)
 import System.Exit                (exitFailure)

@@ -201,7 +198,7 @@ sourceSymbols source = do
      return $ concatMap (importSymbols source filepath . GHC.unLoc) hsmodImports

 -- | Parse a Haskell module
-parseModule :: FilePath -> IO (GHC.HsModule GhcPs)
+parseModule :: FilePath -> IO GHC.HsModule
 parseModule filepath = do
  result <- ExactPrint.parseModule GHC.Paths.libdir filepath
  case result of
@@ -209,13 +206,7 @@ parseModule filepath = do
      return $ GHC.unLoc hsmod
    Left errs ->
      fail $ "Errors with " <> show filepath <> ":\n    "
-        <> formatParseErrors errs
-
-formatParseErrors :: Messages GhcMessage -> String
-formatParseErrors errs =
-  intercalate "\n    "
-    . fmap showSDocUnsafe
-    $ pprMsgEnvelopeBagWithLoc (defaultDiagnosticOpts @GhcMessage) (getMessages errs)
+        <> show (pprMsgEnvelopeBagWithLoc $ getMessages errs)

 -- | Symbols imported in an import declaration.
 --
@@ -223,12 +214,9 @@ formatParseErrors errs =
 -- only one item is returned.
 importSymbols :: FilePath -> FilePath -> GHC.ImportDecl GhcPs -> [ImportedSymbol]
 importSymbols source filepath GHC.ImportDecl{..} =
-  case ideclImportList of
-    Just (importListInterpretation, syms) ->
-      symbol (if importListInterpretation == GHC.EverythingBut then Hiding else Explicit)
-        . Just
-        . GHC.unLoc
-        <$> GHC.unLoc syms
+  case ideclHiding of
+    Just (hiding, syms) ->
+      symbol (if hiding then Hiding else Explicit) . Just . GHC.unLoc <$> GHC.unLoc syms
    Nothing ->
      [ symbol Wildcard Nothing ]
  where
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ project. It's available in PostgREST's `nix-shell` by default.

 ## Dumping imports

-Given source code in the directories `src/library` and `src/executable`, for example, you can run:
+Given source code in the directories `src` and `main`, for example, you can run:

 ```
-hsie dump-imports src/library src/executable
+hsie dump-imports src main
 ```

 This dumps all imports of the modules in the given directory to a CSV file,
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ To dump to a JSON file (e.g., to further process with `jq`), add the `--json`
 flag:

 ```
-hsie dump-imports --json src/library src/executable
+hsie dump-imports --json src main
 ```

 ## Graphing imports
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ The tool can generate `graphviz` graphs of module and symbol imports by printing
 a file to `stdout` that can directly be rendered with `dot`:

 ```
-hsie graph-modules src/library src/executable | dot -Tpng -o modules.png
+hsie graph-modules src main | dot -Tpng -o modules.png
 ```

 The command `graph-modules` prints a graph of which modules insert which other
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ To check whether modules are imported under consistent aliases in your project,
 run:

 ```
-hsie check-aliases src/library src/executable
+hsie check-aliases main src
 ```

 This will exit with a non-zero exit code if any inconsistent aliases are found.
@@ -48,13 +48,13 @@ The following command checks whether any modules are imported as wildcards, i.e.
 not qualified and without specifying symbols.

 ```
-hsie check-wildcards src/library src/executable
+hsie check-wildcards main src
 ```

 To whitelist certain modules to be imported as wildcards, use `--ok`:

 ```
-hsie check-wildcards src/library src/executable --ok Protolude --ok Test.Module
+hsie check-wildcards main src --ok Protolude --ok Test.Module
 ```

 ## Current limitations
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ let
        ''

        + lib.optionalString withTmpDir ''
-          tmpdir="$(${coreutils}/bin/mktemp -d --tmpdir=/tmp ${name}-XXX)"
+          tmpdir="$(${coreutils}/bin/mktemp -d --tmpdir ${name}-XXX)"

          # we keep the tmpdir when an error occurs for debugging
          trap 'echo Temporary directory kept at: $tmpdir' ERR
@@ -3,4 +3,5 @@
  checked-shell-script = import ./checked-shell-script;
  gitignore = import ./gitignore.nix;
  haskell-packages = import ./haskell-packages.nix;
+  slocat = import ./slocat.nix;
 }
@@ -47,64 +47,37 @@ let
      # - To modify and try packages locally, see "Working with locally modified Haskell packages" in the Nix README.

      # Before upgrading fuzzyset to 0.3, check: https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/issues/3329
+      # jailbreak, because hspec limit for tests
      fuzzyset = prev.fuzzyset_0_2_4;

-      # TODO: Remove once available in nixpkgs
-      auto-update =
+      # TODO: Remove once available in nixpkgs haskellPackages
+      configurator-pg =
        prev.callHackageDirect
          {
-            pkg = "auto-update";
-            ver = "0.2.7";
-            sha256 = "sha256-fHX/OqF/cB9rbpGpLUtA29bcEJS43HUWHcK55yUxKoo=";
+            pkg = "configurator-pg";
+            ver = "0.2.11";
+            sha256 = "sha256-mtGtNawDJgz2ZIEVca+IYXVu4oNw9xsfJiYWAqAbbgc=";
          }
          { };

-      # TODO: Remove once available in nixpkgs
-      aeson-jsonpath =
+      # TODO: Remove once available in nixpkgs haskellPackages
+      streaming-commons =
        prev.callHackageDirect
          {
-            pkg = "aeson-jsonpath";
-            ver = "0.4.2.0";
-            sha256 = "sha256-K+3brf1zjSSjojtSCXFrip5rrP7AO/S4zndAxAnvEfc=";
+            pkg = "streaming-commons";
+            ver = "0.2.3.1";
+            sha256 = "sha256-Gl2eaJcWe1sxmcE/octWlH9uSnERguf+5H66K4fV87s=";
          }
          { };

-      http2 =
-        prev.callHackageDirect
-          {
-            pkg = "http2";
-            ver = "5.4.0";
-            sha256 = "sha256-PeEWVd61bQ8G7LvfLeXklzXqNJFaAjE2ecRMWJZESPE=";
-          }
-          { };
-
-      http-semantics =
-        prev.callHackageDirect
-          {
-            pkg = "http-semantics";
-            ver = "0.4.0";
-            sha256 = "sha256-rh0z51EKvsu5rQd5n2z3fSRjjEObouNZSBPO9NFYOF0=";
-          }
-          { };
-
-      network-run =
-        prev.callHackageDirect
-          {
-            pkg = "network-run";
-            ver = "0.5.0";
-            sha256 = "sha256-vbXh+CzxDsGApjqHxCYf/ijpZtUCApFbkcF5gyN0THU=";
-          }
-          { };
-
-      warp =
-        lib.dontCheck
-          (prev.callHackageDirect
-            {
-              pkg = "warp";
-              ver = "3.4.14";
-              sha256 = "sha256-RnoOUlC6dOP0sK/tYAJCX1oLzVFG1GILUY+yVbmvW8Y=";
-            }
-            { });
+      # Downgrade hasql and related packages while we are still on GHC 9.4 for the static build.
+      hasql = lib.dontCheck (lib.doJailbreak prev.hasql_1_6_4_4);
+      hasql-dynamic-statements = lib.dontCheck prev.hasql-dynamic-statements_0_3_1_5;
+      hasql-implicits = lib.dontCheck prev.hasql-implicits_0_1_1_3;
+      hasql-notifications = lib.dontCheck prev.hasql-notifications_0_2_2_2;
+      hasql-pool = lib.dontCheck prev.hasql-pool_1_0_1;
+      hasql-transaction = lib.dontCheck prev.hasql-transaction_1_1_0_1;
+      postgresql-binary = lib.dontCheck (lib.doJailbreak prev.postgresql-binary_0_13_1_3);
    };
 in
 {
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+_: prev:
+{
+  slocat = prev.buildGoModule {
+    name = "slocat";
+    src = prev.fetchFromGitHub {
+      owner = "robx";
+      repo = "slocat";
+      rev = "52e7512c6029fd00483e41ccce260a3b4b9b3b64";
+      sha256 = "sha256-qn6luuh5wqREu3s8RfuMCP5PKdS2WdwPrujRYTpfzQ8=";
+    };
+    vendorHash = null;
+  };
+}
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ let
        docs = "Run PostgREST after building it interactively with cabal-install";
        args =
          [
-            "ARG_USE_ENV([PGRST_DB_ANON_ROLE], [], [PostgREST anonymous role. (default: 'postgrest_test_anonymous')])"
+            "ARG_USE_ENV([PGRST_DB_ANON_ROLE], [postgrest_test_anonymous], [PostgREST anonymous role])"
            "ARG_USE_ENV([PGRST_DB_POOL], [1], [PostgREST pool size])"
            "ARG_USE_ENV([PGRST_DB_POOL_ACQUISITION_TIMEOUT], [1], [PostgREST pool timeout])"
            "ARG_USE_ENV([PGRST_JWT_SECRET], [reallyreallyreallyreallyverysafe], [PostgREST JWT secret])"
@@ -62,10 +62,6 @@ let
        withEnv = postgrest.env;
      }
      ''
-        # when there's a default, argbash conflates empty string with unset, so we do this workaround to be able to do `PGRST_DB_ANON_ROLE="" <command>` for manual testing
-        if [[ ! ''${PGRST_DB_ANON_ROLE+x} ]]; then
-          PGRST_DB_ANON_ROLE="postgrest_test_anonymous"
-        fi
        export PGRST_DB_ANON_ROLE
        export PGRST_DB_POOL
        export PGRST_DB_POOL_ACQUISITION_TIMEOUT
@@ -84,7 +80,7 @@ let
        docs = "Run a profiled build of postgREST. This will generate a postgrest.prof file that can be used to do optimization.";
        args =
          [
-            "ARG_USE_ENV([PGRST_DB_ANON_ROLE], [], [PostgREST anonymous role. (default: 'postgrest_test_anonymous')])"
+            "ARG_USE_ENV([PGRST_DB_ANON_ROLE], [postgrest_test_anonymous], [PostgREST anonymous role])"
            "ARG_USE_ENV([PGRST_DB_POOL], [1], [PostgREST pool size])"
            "ARG_USE_ENV([PGRST_DB_POOL_ACQUISITION_TIMEOUT], [1], [PostgREST pool timeout])"
            "ARG_USE_ENV([PGRST_JWT_SECRET], [reallyreallyreallyreallyverysafe], [PostgREST JWT secret])"
@@ -94,10 +90,6 @@ let
        withEnv = postgrest.env;
      }
      ''
-        # when there's a default, argbash conflates empty string with unset, so we do this workaround to be able to do `PGRST_DB_ANON_ROLE="" <command>` for manual testing
-        if [[ ! ''${PGRST_DB_ANON_ROLE+x} ]]; then
-          PGRST_DB_ANON_ROLE="postgrest_test_anonymous"
-        fi
        export PGRST_DB_ANON_ROLE
        export PGRST_DB_POOL
        export PGRST_DB_POOL_ACQUISITION_TIMEOUT
@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@
 , curl
 , devCabalOptions
 , entr
-, fd
+, git
 , graphviz
 , hsie
 , nix
+, silver-searcher
 , stdenv
 , style
 , tests
+, withTools
 , haskellPackages
 , ctags
 , openssl
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ let
      }
      ''
        while true; do
-          (! ${fd}/bin/fd -H -E .git | ${entr}/bin/entr -dr "$_arg_command" "''${_arg_leftovers[@]}")
+          (! ${silver-searcher}/bin/ag -l . | ${entr}/bin/entr -dr "$_arg_command" "''${_arg_leftovers[@]}")
        done
      '';

@@ -89,6 +91,156 @@ let
        ${style}/bin/postgrest-style-check
      '';

+  gitHooks =
+    let
+      name = "postgrest-git-hooks";
+    in
+    checkedShellScript
+      {
+        inherit name;
+        docs =
+          ''
+            Enable or disable git pre-commit and pre-push hooks.
+
+            Basic is faster and will only run:
+              - pre-commit: postgrest-style
+              - pre-push: postgrest-lint
+
+            Full takes a lot more time and will run:
+              - pre-commit: postgrest-style && postgrest-lint
+              - pre-push: postgrest-check
+
+            Changes made by postgrest-style will be staged automatically.
+
+            Example usage:
+              postgrest-git-hooks disable
+              postgrest-git-hooks enable basic
+              postgrest-git-hooks enable full
+
+            The "run" operation and "--hook" argument are only used internally.
+          '';
+        args =
+          [
+            "ARG_POSITIONAL_SINGLE([operation], [Operation])"
+            "ARG_TYPE_GROUP_SET([OPERATION], [OPERATION], [operation], [disable,enable,run])"
+            "ARG_POSITIONAL_SINGLE([mode], [Mode], [basic])"
+            "ARG_TYPE_GROUP_SET([MODE], [MODE], [mode], [basic,full])"
+            "ARG_OPTIONAL_SINGLE([hook], , [Hook], [pre-commit])"
+            "ARG_TYPE_GROUP_SET([HOOK], [HOOK], [hook], [pre-commit,pre-push])"
+          ];
+        positionalCompletion =
+          ''
+            if test "$prev" == "${name}"; then
+              COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "enable disable" -- "$cur") )
+            elif test "$prev" == "enable" || test "$prev" == "disable"; then
+              COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "basic full" -- "$cur") )
+            fi
+          '';
+        workingDir = "/";
+      }
+      ''
+        if [ run != "$_arg_operation" ]; then
+          # Remove all hooks first and ignore failures because the file might be missing.
+          # This assumes that we're only adding lines that include "postgrest-git-hooks"
+          # to the hook file.
+          sed -i -e '/postgrest-git-hooks/d' .git/hooks/pre-{commit,push} 2> /dev/null || true
+
+          if [ disable != "$_arg_operation" ]; then
+            # The nix-shell && + nix-shell || pattern makes sure we can run the hook
+            # in a pure nix-shell, where nix-shell itself is not available, too.
+
+            # The $(nix-shell --run "command -v ...") pattern ensures we only need to enable
+            # the hooks once and still run the latest of our hook scripts, even when we
+            # update them in the repo.
+
+            echo 'command -v nix-shell > /dev/null || postgrest-git-hooks --hook=pre-commit run' "$_arg_mode" \
+              >> .git/hooks/pre-commit
+            # shellcheck disable=SC2016
+            echo 'command -v nix-shell > /dev/null && $(nix-shell --quiet -Q --run "command -v postgrest-git-hooks") --hook=pre-commit run' "$_arg_mode" \
+             >> .git/hooks/pre-commit
+            chmod +x .git/hooks/pre-commit
+
+            echo 'command -v nix-shell > /dev/null || postgrest-git-hooks --hook=pre-push run' "$_arg_mode" \
+              >> .git/hooks/pre-push
+            # shellcheck disable=SC2016
+            echo 'command -v nix-shell > /dev/null && $(nix-shell --quiet -Q --run "command -v postgrest-git-hooks") --hook=pre-push run' "$_arg_mode" \
+             >> .git/hooks/pre-push
+            chmod +x .git/hooks/pre-push
+          fi
+        else
+          # When run from a git hook, the GIT_ environment variables conflict with our withGit helper.
+          # The following unsets all GIT_ variables.
+          unset "''${!GIT_@}"
+
+          # shellcheck disable=SC2317
+          function restore () {
+            ref="$(git stash list --format=format:%gD --grep "$1" -n1)"
+            # this will avoid merge conflicts when applying the stash
+            ${git}/bin/git restore --source="$ref" .
+            # restore untracked files, too. could fail with no files
+            if [ "$(git show --numstat --format=oneline "$ref^3" | wc -l)" -gt 1 ]; then
+              ${git}/bin/git restore --overlay --source="$ref^3" .
+            fi
+            ${git}/bin/git stash drop "$ref"
+          }
+
+          case "$_arg_mode" in
+            basic)
+              case "$_arg_hook" in
+                pre-commit)
+                  # To be able to automatically add only changes from postgrest-style to the staging area,
+                  # we need to run postgrest-style twice. Otherwise we'd risk merge conflicts when popping
+                  # the stash afterwards.
+                  ${style}/bin/postgrest-style
+
+                  stash="postgrest-git-hooks-$RANDOM"
+                  ${git}/bin/git stash push --include-untracked --keep-index -m "$stash"
+                  if [ "$(git stash list --grep $stash)" ]; then
+                    # Only create the stash pop trap, if we actually created a stash.
+                    # Otherwise stash pop will cause havoc.
+                    trap 'restore "$stash"' EXIT
+                  fi
+
+                  ${style}/bin/postgrest-style
+                  ${git}/bin/git add .
+                  ;;
+                pre-push)
+                  # Create a clean working tree without any uncomitted changes.
+                  ${withTools.withGit} HEAD ${style}/bin/postgrest-lint
+                  ;;
+              esac
+              ;;
+            full)
+              case "$_arg_hook" in
+                pre-commit)
+                  # To be able to automatically add only changes from postgrest-style to the staging area,
+                  # we need to run postgrest-style twice. Otherwise we'd risk merge conflicts when popping
+                  # the stash afterwards.
+                  ${style}/bin/postgrest-style
+
+                  stash="postgrest-git-hooks-$RANDOM"
+                  ${git}/bin/git stash push --include-untracked --keep-index -m "$stash"
+                  if [ "$(git stash list --grep $stash)" ]; then
+                    # Only create the stash pop trap, if we actually created a stash.
+                    # Otherwise stash pop will cause havoc.
+                    trap 'restore "$stash"' EXIT
+                  fi
+
+                  ${style}/bin/postgrest-style
+                  ${git}/bin/git add .
+
+                  ${style}/bin/postgrest-lint
+                  ;;
+                pre-push)
+                  # Create a clean working tree without any uncomitted changes.
+                  ${withTools.withGit} HEAD ${check}
+                  ;;
+              esac
+              ;;
+          esac
+        fi
+      '';
+
  dumpMinimalImports =
    checkedShellScript
      {
@@ -129,10 +281,10 @@ let
      {
        name = "postgrest-hsie-graph-modules";
        docs = "Create a PNG graph of modules imported within the codebase.";
-        args = [ "ARG_OPTIONAL_SINGLE([outfile], [o], [Output filename], [postgrest-module-graph.png])" ];
+        args = [ "ARG_POSITIONAL_SINGLE([outfile], [Output filename])" ];
      }
      ''
-        ${hsie} graph-modules src/library src/executable | ${graphviz}/bin/dot -Tpng -o "$_arg_outfile"
+        ${hsie} graph-modules main src | ${graphviz}/bin/dot -Tpng -o "$_arg_outfile"
      '';

  hsieGraphSymbols =
@@ -243,6 +395,7 @@ buildToolbox
    inherit
      check
      dumpMinimalImports
+      gitHooks
      hsieGraphModules
      hsieGraphSymbols
      hsieMinimalImports
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ let
        }

        if [ "$_arg_language" == "" ]; then
-          # clean previous build, otherwise some errors might be suppressed
+          # clean previous build, otherwise some errors might be supressed
          rm -rf "../.docs-build/html/default"

          if [ -d languages ]; then
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ let

          build html "../.docs-build/html/default"
        else
-          # clean previous build, otherwise some errors might be suppressed
+          # clean previous build, otherwise some errors might be supressed
          rm -rf "../.docs-build/html/$_arg_language"

          # update and build specific locale, can be used to create new locale
@@ -122,8 +122,6 @@ let
        workingDir = "/docs";
      }
      ''
-        echo "Checking spelling mistakes..."
-
        export LC_ALL=C

        FILES=$(find . -type f -iname '*.rst' | tr '\n' ' ')
@@ -146,8 +144,6 @@ let
        workingDir = "/docs";
      }
      ''
-        echo "Detecting obsolete dictionary entries..."
-
        export LC_ALL=C

        FILES=$(find . -type f -iname '*.rst' | tr '\n' ' ')
@@ -12,39 +12,42 @@
 # from an array
 import time
 import argparse
+import sys
 import random
-import jwcrypto.jwt as jwt
+import jwt
+import jwcrypto.jwk as jwk
+from typing import Optional
 from pathlib import Path

 URL = "http://postgrest"

-secret_key = "reallyreallyreallyreallyverysafe"
+secret_key = b"reallyreallyreallyreallyverysafe"
+
+key = jwk.JWK.generate(kty="RSA", size=4096)
+private_key = jwt.algorithms.RSAAlgorithm.from_jwk(key.export_private())
+public_key = key.export_public()


-def generate_target(
-    now: int,
-    key: jwt.JWK,
-) -> list[str]:
-    """Generate a target using an HS256 or RS256 JWT"""
-    headers = {
+def generate_jwt(now: int, exp_inc: Optional[int], is_hs: bool) -> str:
+    """Generate an HS256 or RS256 JWT"""
+    payload = {
        "sub": f"user_{random.getrandbits(32)}",
        "iat": now,
-    }
-
-    claims = {
        "role": "postgrest_test_author",
    }

-    headers["alg"] = "RS256" if key.get("kty") == "RSA" else "HS256"
+    if exp_inc is not None:
+        payload["exp"] = now + exp_inc

-    token = jwt.JWT(headers, claims)
-    token.make_signed_token(key)
+    k = secret_key if is_hs else private_key
+    alg = "HS256" if is_hs else "RS256"
+    return jwt.encode(payload, k, alg)

-    return [
-        f"OPTIONS {URL}/authors_only?{headers["alg"]}",
-        f"Authorization: Bearer {token.serialize()}",
-        "",  # blank line to separate requests
-    ]
+
+def append_targets(lines: list[str], token: str):
+    lines.append(f"OPTIONS {URL}/authors_only")
+    lines.append(f"Authorization: Bearer {token}")
+    lines.append("")  # blank line to separate requests


 def main():
@@ -52,47 +55,91 @@ def main():
        description="Generate Vegeta targets with unique JWTs"
    )
    parser.add_argument(
-        "generated_path",
-        metavar="GENERATED_PATH",
-        help="Path to write the generated files",
+        "output",
+        help="Path to write the generated targets file",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--worst",
+        dest="worst",
+        action=argparse.BooleanOptionalAction,
+        default=False,
+        help="Generate worst case targets for a JWT cache",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--rsa",
+        dest="jwk_path",
+        metavar="JWK_PATH",
        type=Path,
+        default=None,
+        help="Path for generating a RSA JWK file to sign tokens with",
    )

    args = parser.parse_args()

-    targets_path = args.generated_path / "gen_targets.http"
+    is_hs = args.jwk_path is None

-    hs = jwt.JWK.from_password(secret_key)
-    rsa = jwt.JWK.generate(kty="RSA", size=4096)
+    nsamples = 1000
+    if is_hs:
+        ntargets = 200000
+    else:
+        # The asymmetric targets take too long to compute so we reduce them
+        ntargets = 50000

-    jwks = jwt.JWKSet()
-    jwks.add(hs)
-    jwks.add(rsa)
-
-    jwks_path = args.generated_path / "gen_jwks.json"
-
-    # Technically, this exports the private keys, because HS does not have the concept
-    # of a public key. This is not a problem for tests, though, PostgREST can verify
-    # tokens with the private key just as well.
-    jwks_path.write_text(jwks.export())
-    print(f"Created JWKSet on {jwks_path}")
-
-    ntargets = 1000
+    if not is_hs:
+        try:
+            with open(args.jwk_path, "w") as jwk:
+                jwk.write(public_key)
+                print(f"Created {args.jwk_path} file containing the RSA JWK")
+        except IOError as e:
+            print(f"Error writing to {args.jwk_path}: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.exit(1)

    print(f"Generating {ntargets} targets...")

-    now = int(time.time())
+    start_time = time.time()
+
+    now = int(start_time)

    lines = []

-    for i in range(ntargets):
-        target = generate_target(now, hs if i % 2 == 0 else rsa)
-        lines.extend(target)
+    # We want to ensure 401 Unauthorized responses don't happen during
+    # JWT validation, this can happen when the jwt `exp` is too short.
+    # At the same time, we want to ensure the `exp` is not too big,
+    # so expires will occur and postgREST needs to
+    # clean cached expired JWTs
+    if args.worst:
+        # estimated time takes to build and run postgrest itself
+        build_run_postgrest_time = 2
+        # estimated time it takes to generate the targets file
+        # the division numbers are tuned by hand
+        if is_hs:  # hs generation is much faster
+            gen_time = ntargets // 66666
+        else:  # asymmetric is slower so the time is higher
+            gen_time = ntargets // 220

-    with open(targets_path, "w") as f:
-        f.write("\n".join(lines))
+        # estimated exp time so some JWTs will expire
+        inc = build_run_postgrest_time + gen_time

+        for i in range(ntargets):
+            token = generate_jwt(now, inc + i // 1000, is_hs)
+            append_targets(lines, token)
+
+    else:
+        tokens = [generate_jwt(now, None, is_hs) for _ in range(nsamples)]
+        for i in range(ntargets):
+            token = random.choice(tokens)
+            append_targets(lines, token)
+
+    try:
+        with open(args.output, "w") as f:
+            f.write("\n".join(lines))
+    except IOError as e:
+        print(f"Error writing to {args.output}: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    elapsed = time.time() - start_time
    print(f"Created {ntargets} targets", end=" ")
+    print(f"in {args.output} ({elapsed:.2f}s)")


 if __name__ == "__main__":
@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 { buildToolbox
 , checkedShellScript
-, git
 , jq
-, libfaketime
-, python3
 , python3Packages
-, runCommand
 , vegeta
 , withTools
 , writers
@@ -22,8 +18,6 @@ let
        ];
      }
      ''
-        echo "Starting vegeta loadtest..."
-
        # ARG_USE_ENV only adds defaults or docs for environment variables
        # We manually implement a required check here
        # See also: https://github.com/matejak/argbash/issues/80
@@ -46,75 +40,86 @@ let
        docs = "Run the vegeta loadtests with PostgREST.";
        args = [
          "ARG_OPTIONAL_SINGLE([output], [o], [Filename to dump json output to], [./loadtest/result.bin])"
+          "ARG_OPTIONAL_SINGLE([testdir], [t], [Directory to load tests and fixtures from], [./test/load])"
          "ARG_OPTIONAL_SINGLE([kind], [k], [Kind of loadtest], [mixed])"
-          "ARG_TYPE_GROUP_SET([KIND], [KIND], [kind], [mixed,jwt-cache,jwt-cache-worst])"
+          "ARG_TYPE_GROUP_SET([KIND], [KIND], [kind], [mixed,jwt-hs,jwt-hs-cache,jwt-hs-cache-worst,jwt-rsa,jwt-rsa-cache,jwt-rsa-cache-worst])"
          "ARG_OPTIONAL_SINGLE([monitor], [m], [Monitoring file], [./loadtest/result.csv])"
          "ARG_LEFTOVERS([additional vegeta arguments])"
        ];
        workingDir = "/";
      }
      ''
+        # previously required settings to make this work with older branches
        export PGRST_DB_ANON_ROLE="postgrest_test_anonymous"
+        export PGRST_DB_URI="postgresql://"
+        export PGRST_DB_SCHEMAS="test"
+
        export PGRST_DB_CONFIG="false"
        export PGRST_DB_POOL="1"
-        export PGRST_DB_SCHEMAS="test"
        export PGRST_DB_TX_END="rollback-allow-override"
        export PGRST_LOG_LEVEL="crit"
        export PGRST_JWT_SECRET="reallyreallyreallyreallyverysafe"
+        # set previous PGRST_JWT_CACHE_MAX_LIFETIME configuration so that
+        # load test works across branches
+        # TODO clean once PGRST_JWT_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES merged and released
+        export PGRST_JWT_CACHE_MAX_LIFETIME="86400"

        mkdir -p "$(dirname "$_arg_output")"
        abs_output="$(realpath "$_arg_output")"

        case "$_arg_kind" in
-          jwt-cache)
-            export PGRST_JWT_SECRET="@${generatedTargets}/gen_jwks.json"
-
-            # shellcheck disable=SC2145
-            ${withTools.withPg} -f test/load/fixtures.sql \
-            ${withTools.withPgrst} --faketime '2000-01-01 00:00:00' -m "$_arg_monitor" \
-            sh -c "cd test/load && \
-            ${runner} -targets ${generatedTargets}/gen_targets.http -output \"$abs_output\" \"''${_arg_leftovers[@]}\""
+          jwt-hs)
+            ${genTargetsHS} "$_arg_testdir"/gen_targets.http
+            export PGRST_JWT_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES="0"
+            export PGRST_JWT_CACHE_MAX_LIFETIME="0"
            ;;

-          # here we sleep purposefully to check how much memory does the schema cache consume in the final report
-          mixed)
-            # shellcheck disable=SC2145
-            ${withTools.withPg} -f test/load/fixtures.sql \
-            ${withTools.withPgrst} --timeout 2 --sleep 5 -m "$_arg_monitor" \
-            sh -c "cd test/load && \
-            ${runner} -targets targets.http -output \"$abs_output\" \"''${_arg_leftovers[@]}\""
+          jwt-hs-cache)
+            ${genTargetsHS} "$_arg_testdir"/gen_targets.http
+            ;;
+
+          jwt-hs-cache-worst)
+            ${genTargetsHS} --worst "$_arg_testdir"/gen_targets.http
+            ;;
+
+          jwt-rsa)
+            ${genTargetsHS} --rsa="$_arg_testdir"/gen_jwk.json "$_arg_testdir"/gen_targets.http
+            export PGRST_JWT_CACHE_MAX_ENTRIES="0"
+            export PGRST_JWT_CACHE_MAX_LIFETIME="0"
+            export PGRST_JWT_SECRET="@$_arg_testdir/gen_jwk.json"
+            ;;
+
+          jwt-rsa-cache)
+            ${genTargetsHS} --rsa="$_arg_testdir"/gen_jwk.json "$_arg_testdir"/gen_targets.http
+            export PGRST_JWT_SECRET="@$_arg_testdir/gen_jwk.json"
+            ;;
+
+          jwt-rsa-cache-worst)
+            ${genTargetsHS} --worst --rsa="$_arg_testdir"/gen_jwk.json "$_arg_testdir"/gen_targets.http
+            export PGRST_JWT_SECRET="@$_arg_testdir/gen_jwk.json"
+            ;;
+
+          *)
            ;;
        esac

-        ${vegeta}/bin/vegeta report -type=text "$_arg_output"
-
-        if [ "$_arg_kind" != "mixed" ]; then
-          # fail in case 401 happened on jwt loadtests
-          unauthorized_count="$(${vegeta}/bin/vegeta report -type=json "$_arg_output" \
-            | ${jq}/bin/jq -r '.status_codes["401"] // 0')"
-
-          if [ "$unauthorized_count" -gt 0 ]; then
-            last_unauthorized_body="$(${vegeta}/bin/vegeta encode "$_arg_output" \
-              | ${jq}/bin/jq -rn '
-                  reduce inputs as $item (null;
-                    if $item.code == 401 then $item else . end
-                  )
-                  | if . == null then
-                      empty
-                    else
-                      (.body | @base64d)
-                    end
-                ')"
-
-            echo "loadtest failed: found $unauthorized_count 401 Unauthorized responses" >&2
-            if [ -n "$last_unauthorized_body" ]; then
-              printf '%s\n' "Last 401 response body:" >&2
-              printf '%s\n' "$last_unauthorized_body" >&2
-            fi
-
-            exit 1
-          fi
+        if [ "$_arg_kind" == "mixed" ]; then
+          # shellcheck disable=SC2145
+          ${withTools.withPg} -f "$_arg_testdir"/fixtures.sql \
+          ${withTools.withSlowPg} \
+          ${withTools.withPgrst} -m "$_arg_monitor" \
+          ${withTools.withSlowPgrst} \
+          sh -c "cd \"$_arg_testdir\" && \
+          ${runner} -targets targets.http -output \"$abs_output\" \"''${_arg_leftovers[@]}\""
+        else
+          # shellcheck disable=SC2145
+          ${withTools.withPg} -f "$_arg_testdir"/fixtures.sql \
+          ${withTools.withPgrst} -m "$_arg_monitor" \
+          sh -c "cd \"$_arg_testdir\" && \
+          ${runner} -lazy -targets gen_targets.http -output \"$abs_output\" \"''${_arg_leftovers[@]}\""
        fi
+
+        ${vegeta}/bin/vegeta report -type=text "$_arg_output"
      '';

  loadtestAgainst =
@@ -129,9 +134,6 @@ let
            Run the vegeta loadtest against every target branch and HEAD:
            - once on the every <target-#> branch
            - once in the current worktree
-
-            Note that the Nix tooling is always taken from the HEAD branch, while the PostgREST binary is taken from the target branch.
-            For a discussion on why this is set up like this, see https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/pull/5013#discussion_r3431508441.
          '';
        args = [
          "ARG_POSITIONAL_INF([target], [Commit-ish reference to compare with], 1)"
@@ -146,40 +148,8 @@ let
        workingDir = "/";
      }
      ''
-        # Build postgrest for every target and HEAD.
-        # Keeps a reference to the postgrest binary and faketime lib for every branch to run later.
-        declare -A pgrst faketime
-        for tgt in "''${_arg_target[@]}" HEAD; do
-          # not using withTmpDir here, because we don't want to keep the directory on error
-          tmpdir="$(mktemp -d)"
-          trap 'rm -rf "$tmpdir"' EXIT
-
-          ${git}/bin/git worktree add -f "$tmpdir" "$tgt" > /dev/null
-          pushd "$tmpdir" > /dev/null
-
-          build_start=$SECONDS
-          echo -n "${name}: Building postgrest (nix) on $tgt... "
-          # Using lib.getBin to also make this work with older checkouts, where .bin was not a thing, yet.
-          nix-build --no-out-link -E 'with import ./. {}; pkgs.lib.getBin postgrestPackage' > build.log 2>&1 || {
-            echo "failed, output:"
-            cat build.log
-            exit 1
-          }
-          pgrst[$tgt]="$(nix-build --no-out-link -E 'with import ./. {}; pkgs.lib.getBin postgrestPackage')/bin/postgrest"
-          # To avoid glibc mismatches with back-branches, we need to take libfaketime from the target branch.
-          faketime[$tgt]="$(nix-build --no-out-link -A pkgs.libfaketime)/lib/libfaketime.so.1"
-          build_end=$((SECONDS - build_start))
-          printf "done in %ss.\n" "$build_end"
-
-          popd > /dev/null
-          ${git}/bin/git worktree remove -f "$tmpdir" > /dev/null
-          rm -rf "$tmpdir"
-        done
-
-        # Run loadtest for every target and HEAD.
-        # Running the tests is separated from building them to reduce the chances of
-        # other processes skewing the results between two runs.
-        for tgt in "''${_arg_target[@]}" HEAD; do
+        # run loadtest for every target
+        for tgt in "''${_arg_target[@]}"; do

        cat << EOF

@@ -187,7 +157,12 @@ let

        EOF

-        FAKETIME_LIB="''${faketime[$tgt]}" PGRST_CMD="''${pgrst[$tgt]}" ${loadtest} -k "$_arg_kind" -m "loadtest/$tgt.csv" --output "loadtest/$tgt.bin"
+        # Runs the test files from the current working tree
+        # to make sure both tests are run with the same files.
+        # Save the results in the current working tree, too,
+        # otherwise they'd be lost in the temporary working tree
+        # created by withTools.withGit.
+        ${withTools.withGit} "$tgt" ${loadtest} -k "$_arg_kind" -m "$PWD/loadtest/$tgt.csv" --output "$PWD/loadtest/$tgt.bin" --testdir "$PWD/test/load"

        cat << EOF

@@ -196,6 +171,22 @@ let
        EOF

        done
+
+        # run loadtest once on HEAD
+
+        cat << EOF
+
+        Running "$_arg_kind" loadtest on HEAD...
+
+        EOF
+
+        ${loadtest} -k "$_arg_kind" -m "$PWD/loadtest/head.csv" --output "$PWD/loadtest/head.bin" --testdir "$PWD/test/load"
+
+        cat << EOF
+
+        Done running on HEAD.
+
+        EOF
      '';

  reporter =
@@ -205,14 +196,12 @@ let
        docs = "Create a named json report for a single result file.";
        args = [
          "ARG_POSITIONAL_SINGLE([file], [Filename of result to create report for])"
-          "ARG_OPTIONAL_SINGLE([percentile], [p], [Percentile to report latency for], 50)"
          "ARG_LEFTOVERS([additional vegeta arguments])"
        ];
        workingDir = "/";
      }
      ''
-        ${vegeta}/bin/vegeta encode "$_arg_file" \
-          | ${jq}/bin/jq --arg percentile "$_arg_percentile" --slurp 'map(select(.url != "")) | group_by("\(.code) \(.method) \(.url)") | map({("\(.[0].code) \(.[0].method) \(.[0].url)" | sub("http://postgrest";"")): map(.latency) | sort | .[(length-1) * ($percentile | tonumber) / 100 | floor] / 10e3 }) | .[]' \
+        ${vegeta}/bin/vegeta report -type=json "$_arg_file" \
          | ${jq}/bin/jq --arg branch "$(basename "$_arg_file" .bin)" '. + {branch: $branch}'
      '';

@@ -225,31 +214,12 @@ let
        import sys
        import pandas as pd

-
-        def evaluate_change(df):
-            try:
-                return ((df['HEAD'] / df['main'] - 1) * 100) \
-                  .map(lambda r: "{icon} {ratio:.1f} %".format(
-                    ratio=r,
-                    # Hardcoded failure threshold for CI is 5% here.
-                    icon="" if r < 5 else ":x:"
-                  ))
-            except KeyError:
-                return None
-
-
        pd.read_json(sys.stdin) \
-          .rename(columns={'latency': sys.argv[1]}) \
-          .set_index(sys.argv[1]) \
-          .drop(['branch']) \
+          .set_index('param') \
+          .drop(['branch', 'earliest', 'end', 'latest']) \
+          .fillna("") \
          .convert_dtypes() \
-          .assign(change=evaluate_change) \
-          .to_markdown(
-            sys.stdout,
-            floatfmt='.1f',
-            colglobalalign='right',
-            colalign=('left',)
-          )
+          .to_markdown(sys.stdout, floatfmt='.0f')
      '';


@@ -260,46 +230,32 @@ let
        docs = "Create a report of all loadtest reports as markdown.";
        args = [
          "ARG_OPTIONAL_SINGLE([group], [g], [Marker to group results])"
-          "ARG_OPTIONAL_SINGLE([percentile], [p], [Percentile to report latency for], 50)"
        ];
        workingDir = "/";
      }
      ''
-        echo -e "## Loadtest results $_arg_group (P$_arg_percentile)\n"
+        marker=''${_arg_group:+"($_arg_group)"}

-        find loadtest -type f -iname '*.bin' -exec ${reporter} -p "$_arg_percentile" {} \; \
-          | ${jq}/bin/jq '[paths(scalars) as $path | {latency: $path | join("."), (.branch): getpath($path)}]' \
-          | ${jq}/bin/jq --slurp 'flatten | group_by(.latency) | map(add)' \
-          | ${toMarkdown} "P$_arg_percentile latency [μs]"
-      '';
+        echo -e "## Loadtest results $marker\n"

-  report-load =
-    checkedShellScript
-      {
-        name = "postgrest-loadtest-report-load";
-        docs = "Create a report of all CPU/MEM usage as markdown.";
-        args = [
-          "ARG_OPTIONAL_SINGLE([group], [g], [Marker to group results])"
-        ];
-        workingDir = "/";
-      }
-      ''
-        echo -e "\n\n## Loadtest elapsed seconds vs CPU/MEM usage $_arg_group\n"
+        find loadtest -type f -iname '*.bin' -exec ${reporter} {} \; \
+          | ${jq}/bin/jq '[paths(scalars) as $path | {param: $path | join("."), (.branch): getpath($path)}]' \
+          | ${jq}/bin/jq --slurp 'flatten | group_by(.param) | map(add)' \
+          | ${toMarkdown}
+
+        echo -e "\n\n## Loadtest elapsed seconds vs CPU/MEM usage $marker\n"

        find loadtest -type f -iname '*.csv' \
          | sort -m \
          | ${mergeMonitorResults}
      '';

-  generatedTargets =
-    runCommand "postgrest-loadtest-targets"
+  genTargetsHS =
+    writers.writePython3 "postgrest-gen-loadtest-targets-hs"
      {
-        nativeBuildInputs = [ (python3.withPackages (pyps: [ pyps.jwcrypto ])) ];
+        libraries = [ python3Packages.pyjwt python3Packages.jwcrypto ];
      }
-      ''
-        mkdir -p "$out"
-        ${libfaketime}/bin/faketime '2000-01-01 00:00:00' python3 ${./generate_targets.py} "$out"
-      '';
+      (builtins.readFile ./generate_targets.py);

  mergeMonitorResults =
    writers.writePython3 "postgrest-merge-monitor-results"
@@ -310,5 +266,5 @@ let
 in
 buildToolbox {
  name = "postgrest-loadtest";
-  tools = { inherit loadtest loadtestAgainst report report-load; };
+  tools = { inherit loadtest loadtestAgainst report; };
 }
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ let
        nix flake update

        echo "# This file is auto-generated by postgrest-nixpkgs-upgrade" > docs/requirements.txt
-        cat "$(nix-build --no-out-link -A docs.requirements)" >> docs/requirements.txt
+        cat "$(nix-build -A docs.requirements)" >> docs/requirements.txt
      '';

 in
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ let
      {
        name = "postgrest-release";
        docs = "Patch postgrest.cabal, CHANGELOG.md, commit and push all in one go.";
+        args = [ "ARG_OPTIONAL_BOOLEAN([major], [m], [Bump to new major version (only applies on main branch).])" ];
        workingDir = "/";
      }
      ''
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ let
        git diff --exit-code HEAD postgrest.cabal > /dev/null
        trap "" ERR

+        # TODO: Support C+D bumps when implementing hackage releases
        bump () {
          current_version="$(grep -oP '^version:\s*\K.*' postgrest.cabal)"
          # shellcheck disable=SC2034
@@ -45,10 +47,7 @@ let
          echo "Updating docs/conf.py ..."
          sed -i -E "s/^(version = ).*$/\1\"$new_docs_version\"/" docs/conf.py > /dev/null

-          echo "Updating Haskell source file links ..."
-          sed -i -E "s#(github\.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob)/main/#\1/$new_version/#g" docs/explanations/architecture.rst
-
-          git add postgrest.cabal docs/conf.py docs/explanations/architecture.rst > /dev/null
+          git add postgrest.cabal docs/conf.py > /dev/null
        }

        today_date_for_changelog="$(date '+%Y-%m-%d')"
@@ -63,19 +62,19 @@ let
        git add CHANGELOG.md > /dev/null

        echo "Committing ..."
-        git commit -m "chore: bump version to $new_version" > /dev/null
+        git commit -m "bump version to $new_version" > /dev/null

        if [[ "$current_branch" == "main" ]]; then
          bump devel

          # The order of operations is important here:
-          # - bump devel is run and $A is updated to the new version
+          # - bump devel is run and $A is upated to the new version
          # - the branch is created with the new A, but the commit before the devel bump
          # - the devel bump is committed
          git branch "v$A"

          echo "Committing (devel bump)..."
-          git commit -m "chore: bump version to $new_version" > /dev/null
+          git commit -m "bump version to $new_version" > /dev/null
        fi

        trap "echo Remote not found. Please push manually ..." ERR
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
 , buildToolbox
 , checkedShellScript
 , deadnix
-, fd
 , git
 , hlint
 , hsie
 , nixpkgs-fmt
 , python3Packages
 , ruff
+, silver-searcher
 , statix
 , stylish-haskell
 , writeText
@@ -21,27 +21,27 @@ let
        name = "postgrest-style";
        docs = "Automatically format Haskell, Nix and Python files.";
        workingDir = "/";
-        withTmpDir = true;
      }
      ''
        # Format Nix files
        ${statix}/bin/statix fix
-        ${nixpkgs-fmt}/bin/nixpkgs-fmt .
+        ${nixpkgs-fmt}/bin/nixpkgs-fmt . > /dev/null 2> /dev/null

        # Format Haskell files
-        ${fd}/bin/fd '\.l?hs$' \
+        # --vimgrep fixes a bug in ag: https://github.com/ggreer/the_silver_searcher/issues/753
+        ${silver-searcher}/bin/ag -l --vimgrep -g '\.l?hs$' . \
          | xargs ${stylish-haskell}/bin/stylish-haskell -i

        # Format Python files
-        TMPDIR="$tmpdir" ${black}/bin/black .
+        ${black}/bin/black . 2> /dev/null
      '';

-  # Script to check whether any uncommitted changes result from postgrest-style
+  # Script to check whether any uncommited changes result from postgrest-style
  styleCheck =
    checkedShellScript
      {
        name = "postgrest-style-check";
-        docs = "Check whether postgrest-style results in any uncommitted changes.";
+        docs = "Check whether postgrest-style results in any uncommited changes.";
        workingDir = "/";
      }
      ''
@@ -82,17 +82,18 @@ let

        # ruff has gaps in scanning for unused code, so we use vulture
        echo "Scanning python files for unused code..."
-        ${fd}/bin/fd '\.l?py$' \
-          | xargs ${python3Packages.vulture}/bin/vulture --exclude docs/conf.py --min-confidence 80
+        ${silver-searcher}/bin/ag -l --vimgrep -g '\.l?py$' . \
+          | xargs ${python3Packages.vulture}/bin/vulture --exclude docs/conf.py

        echo "Linting python files..."
        ${ruff}/bin/ruff check .

        echo "Checking consistency of import aliases in Haskell code..."
-        ${hsie} check-aliases src/library src/executable
+        ${hsie} check-aliases main src

        echo "Linting Haskell files..."
-        ${fd}/bin/fd '\.l?hs$' \
+        # --vimgrep fixes a bug in ag: https://github.com/ggreer/the_silver_searcher/issues/753
+        ${silver-searcher}/bin/ag -l --vimgrep -g '\.l?hs$' . \
          | xargs ${hlint}/bin/hlint --hint=${hlintConfig}
      '';

@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
 , glibcLocales ? null
 , gnugrep
 , hpc-codecov
+, hostPlatform
 , jq
 , lib
-, nginx
 , postgrest
 , python3
 , runtimeShell
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ let
        withEnv = postgrest.env;
      }
      ''
+        # This makes nix-env -iA tests.doctests.bin work.
+        export NIX_GHC=${postgrest.env.NIX_GHC}
        ${cabal-install}/bin/cabal v2-run ${devCabalOptions} test:doctests
      '';

@@ -92,7 +94,6 @@ let
        args = [ "ARG_LEFTOVERS([pytest arguments])" ];
        workingDir = "/";
        withEnv = postgrest.env;
-        withPath = [ nginx ];
      }
      ''
        ${cabal-install}/bin/cabal v2-build ${devCabalOptions} exe:postgrest
@@ -155,11 +156,10 @@ let
        redirectTixFiles = false;
        withEnv = postgrest.env;
        withTmpDir = true;
-        withPath = [ nginx ];
      }
      (
        # required for `hpc markup` in CI; glibcLocales is not available e.g. on Darwin
-        lib.optionalString (stdenv.isLinux && stdenv.hostPlatform.libc == "glibc") ''
+        lib.optionalString (stdenv.isLinux && hostPlatform.libc == "glibc") ''
          export LOCALE_ARCHIVE="${glibcLocales}/lib/locale/locale-archive"
        '' +

@@ -1,25 +1,20 @@
 { buildToolbox
 , checkedShellScript
 , curl
+, git
 , lib
-, libfaketime
 , postgresqlVersions
 , postgrest
 , python3Packages
+, slocat
 , writeText
 , writers
 }:
 let
  withTmpDb =
-    { name, postgresql, config ? "" }:
+    { name, postgresql }:
    let
      commandName = "postgrest-with-${name}";
-      postgresqlConf = writeText "postgresql.conf" ("
-        autovacuum = false
-        listen_addresses = ''
-        log_statement = all
-        shared_preload_libraries=pg_stat_statements
-      " + config);
    in
    checkedShellScript
      {
@@ -30,7 +25,7 @@ let
            "ARG_OPTIONAL_SINGLE([fixtures], [f], [SQL file to load fixtures from])"
            "ARG_POSITIONAL_SINGLE([command], [Command to run])"
            "ARG_LEFTOVERS([command arguments])"
-            "ARG_USE_ENV([PGUSER], [Postgrest_Test_Authenticator], [Authenticator PG role])" # user is written in mixed case to implicitly test that it is being properly quoted in schema cache queries
+            "ARG_USE_ENV([PGUSER], [postgrest_test_authenticator], [Authenticator PG role])"
            "ARG_USE_ENV([PGDATABASE], [postgres], [PG database name])"
            "ARG_USE_ENV([PGRST_DB_SCHEMAS], [test], [Schema to expose])"
            "ARG_USE_ENV([PGTZ], [utc], [Timezone to use])"
@@ -78,10 +73,6 @@ let
          TZ=$PGTZ initdb --no-locale --encoding=UTF8 --nosync -U postgres --auth=trust \
            >> "$setuplog"

-          # Append our own config to the one initdb created to avoid replacing
-          # default values created by the latter.
-          cat ${postgresqlConf} >> "$tmpdir/db/postgresql.conf"
-
          log "Starting the database cluster..."

          # Instead of listening on a local port, we will listen on a unix domain socket.
@@ -90,7 +81,7 @@ let
          # On MacOS, it's 104 chars
          # See: https://serverfault.com/questions/641347/check-if-a-path-exceeds-maximum-for-unix-domain-socket

-          pg_ctl -l "$tmpdir/db.log" -w start -o "-F -c hba_file=$HBA_FILE -k $PGHOST " \
+          pg_ctl -l "$tmpdir/db.log" -w start -o "-F -c listen_addresses=\"\" -c hba_file=$HBA_FILE -k $PGHOST -c log_statement=\"all\" " \
            >> "$setuplog"

          log "Creating a minimally privileged $PGUSER connection role..."
@@ -115,8 +106,7 @@ let

            log "Starting replica on $replica_host"

-            # We set a low max_standby_streaming_delay to make the replication conflict fail faster in tests (otherwise it waits for the default 30s)
-            pg_ctl -D "$replica_dir" -l "$replica_dblog" -w start -o "-F -c hba_file=$HBA_FILE -k $replica_host -c max_standby_streaming_delay=\"3s\" " \
+            pg_ctl -D "$replica_dir" -l "$replica_dblog" -w start -o "-F -c listen_addresses=\"\" -c hba_file=$HBA_FILE -k $replica_host -c log_statement=\"all\" " \
              >> "$setuplog"

            >&2 echo "${commandName}: Replica enabled. You can connect to it with: psql 'postgres:///$PGDATABASE?host=$replica_host' -U postgres"
@@ -127,7 +117,7 @@ let
            export PGRST_DB_URI="postgres:///$PGDATABASE?host=$PGREPLICAHOST,$PGHOST"
          fi

-          # shellcheck disable=SC2329
+          # shellcheck disable=SC2317
          stop () {
            log "Stopping the database cluster..."
            pg_ctl stop --mode=immediate >> "$setuplog"
@@ -142,12 +132,9 @@ let
        fi

        if test "$_arg_fixtures"; then
-          load_start=$SECONDS
-          >&2 printf "${commandName}: Loading fixtures under the postgres role..."
+          log "Loading fixtures under the postgres role..."
          psql -U postgres -v PGUSER="$PGUSER" -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 -f "$_arg_fixtures" >> "$setuplog"
-          psql -U postgres -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 -c "VACUUM ANALYZE;" >> "$setuplog"
-          load_end=$((SECONDS - load_start))
-          >&2 printf " done in %ss. Running command...\n" "$load_end"
+          log "Done. Running command..."
        fi

        ("$_arg_command" "''${_arg_leftovers[@]}")
@@ -196,6 +183,134 @@ let

  withPg = withTmpDb (builtins.head postgresqlVersions);

+  withSlowPg =
+    checkedShellScript
+      {
+        name = "postgrest-with-slow-pg";
+        docs = "Run the given command with simulated high latency postgresql";
+        args =
+          [
+            "ARG_POSITIONAL_SINGLE([command], [Command to run])"
+            "ARG_LEFTOVERS([command arguments])"
+            "ARG_USE_ENV([PGHOST], [], [PG host (socket name)])"
+            "ARG_USE_ENV([PGDELAY], [0ms], [extra PG latency (duration)])"
+          ];
+        positionalCompletion = "_command";
+        workingDir = "/";
+        redirectTixFiles = false;
+        withTmpDir = true;
+      }
+      ''
+        delay="''${PGDELAY:-0ms}"
+        echo "delaying data to/from postgres by $delay"
+
+        REALPGHOST="$PGHOST"
+        export PGHOST="$tmpdir/socket"
+        mkdir -p "$PGHOST"
+
+        ${slocat}/bin/slocat -delay "$delay" -src "$PGHOST/.s.PGSQL.5432" -dst "$REALPGHOST/.s.PGSQL.5432" &
+        SLOCAT_PID=$!
+        # shellcheck disable=SC2317
+        stop_slocat() {
+          kill "$SLOCAT_PID" || true
+          wait "$SLOCAT_PID" || true
+        }
+        trap stop_slocat EXIT
+        sleep 1 # should wait for socket file to appear instead
+
+        ("$_arg_command" "''${_arg_leftovers[@]}")
+      '';
+
+  withSlowPgrst =
+    checkedShellScript
+      {
+        name = "postgrest-with-slow-postgrest";
+        docs = "Run the given command with simulated high latency postgrest";
+        args =
+          [
+            "ARG_POSITIONAL_SINGLE([command], [Command to run])"
+            "ARG_LEFTOVERS([command arguments])"
+            "ARG_USE_ENV([PGRST_SERVER_UNIX_SOCKET], [], [PostgREST host (socket name)])"
+            "ARG_USE_ENV([PGRST_DELAY], [0ms], [extra PostgREST latency (duration)])"
+          ];
+        positionalCompletion = "_command";
+        workingDir = "/";
+        redirectTixFiles = false;
+        withTmpDir = true;
+      }
+      ''
+        delay="''${PGRST_DELAY:-0ms}"
+        echo "delaying data to/from PostgREST by $delay"
+
+        REAL_PGRST_SERVER_UNIX_SOCKET="$PGRST_SERVER_UNIX_SOCKET"
+        export PGRST_SERVER_UNIX_SOCKET="$tmpdir/postgrest.socket"
+
+        ${slocat}/bin/slocat -delay "$delay" -src "$PGRST_SERVER_UNIX_SOCKET" -dst "$REAL_PGRST_SERVER_UNIX_SOCKET" &
+        SLOCAT_PID=$!
+        # shellcheck disable=SC2317
+        stop_slocat() {
+          kill "$SLOCAT_PID" || true
+          wait "$SLOCAT_PID" || true
+        }
+        trap stop_slocat EXIT
+        sleep 1 # should wait for socket file to appear instead
+
+        ("$_arg_command" "''${_arg_leftovers[@]}")
+      '';
+
+  withGit =
+    let
+      name = "postgrest-with-git";
+    in
+    checkedShellScript
+      {
+        inherit name;
+        docs =
+          ''
+            Create a new worktree of the postgrest repo in a temporary directory and
+            check out <commit>, then run <command> with arguments inside the temporary folder.
+          '';
+        args =
+          [
+            "ARG_POSITIONAL_SINGLE([commit], [Commit-ish reference to run command with])"
+            "ARG_POSITIONAL_SINGLE([command], [Command to run])"
+            "ARG_LEFTOVERS([command arguments])"
+          ];
+        positionalCompletion =
+          ''
+            if test "$prev" == "${name}"; then
+              __gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
+            else
+              _command_offset 2
+            fi
+          '';
+        workingDir = "/";
+      }
+      ''
+        # not using withTmpDir here, because we don't want to keep the directory on error
+        tmpdir="$(mktemp -d)"
+        trap 'rm -rf "$tmpdir"' EXIT
+
+        ${git}/bin/git worktree add -f "$tmpdir" "$_arg_commit" > /dev/null
+
+        cd "$tmpdir"
+        ("$_arg_command" "''${_arg_leftovers[@]}")
+
+        ${git}/bin/git worktree remove -f "$tmpdir" > /dev/null
+      '';
+
+  legacyConfig =
+    writeText "legacy.conf"
+      ''
+        # Using this config file to support older postgrest versions for `postgrest-loadtest-against`
+        db-uri="$(PGRST_DB_URI)"
+        db-schema="$(PGRST_DB_SCHEMAS)"
+        db-anon-role="$(PGRST_DB_ANON_ROLE)"
+        db-pool="$(PGRST_DB_POOL)"
+        server-unix-socket="$(PGRST_SERVER_UNIX_SOCKET)"
+        log-level="$(PGRST_LOG_LEVEL)"
+      '';
+
  waitForPgrstReady =
    checkedShellScript
      {
@@ -237,23 +352,15 @@ let
      '';

  withPgrst =
-    let
-      commandName = "postgrest-with-pgrst";
-    in
    checkedShellScript
      {
-        name = commandName;
+        name = "postgrest-with-pgrst";
        docs = "Build and run PostgREST and run <command> with PGRST_SERVER_UNIX_SOCKET set.";
        args =
          [
            "ARG_POSITIONAL_SINGLE([command], [Command to run])"
            "ARG_LEFTOVERS([command arguments])"
-            "ARG_OPTIONAL_SINGLE([faketime], [f], [Fake the system time when starting PostgREST. This is useful to test expiry of JWT, for example in loadtests])"
            "ARG_OPTIONAL_SINGLE([monitor], [m], [Enable CPU and memory monitoring of the PostgREST process and output to the designated file as markdown])"
-            "ARG_OPTIONAL_SINGLE([timeout], [t], [Maximum time to wait for PostgREST to be ready], [5])"
-            "ARG_OPTIONAL_SINGLE([sleep], [s],   [Sleep time after PostgREST is ready, this is useful for monitoring])"
-            "ARG_USE_ENV([FAKETIME_LIB], [${libfaketime}/lib/libfaketime.so.1], [Faketime Library to preload])"
-            "ARG_USE_ENV([PGRST_CMD], [postgrest-run], [PostgREST executable to run])"
          ];
        positionalCompletion = "_command";
        workingDir = "/";
@@ -263,25 +370,30 @@ let
      ''
        export PGRST_SERVER_UNIX_SOCKET="$tmpdir"/postgrest.socket

-        if [ "''${PGRST_CMD}" == "postgrest-run" ]; then
-          build_start=$SECONDS
-          echo -n "${commandName}: Building postgrest (cabal)... "
-          postgrest-build
-          build_end=$((SECONDS - build_start))
-          printf "done in %ss.\n" "$build_end"
-        fi
-
-        ver=$($PGRST_CMD --version)
-
-        echo -n "${commandName}: Starting $ver... "
-
-        if [[ -n "$_arg_faketime" ]]; then
-          LD_PRELOAD="$FAKETIME_LIB" FAKETIME="$_arg_faketime" "$PGRST_CMD" > "$tmpdir"/run.log 2>&1 &
+        rm -f result
+        if [ -z "''${PGRST_BUILD_CABAL:-}" ]; then
+          echo -n "Building postgrest (nix)... "
+          # Using lib.getBin to also make this work with older checkouts, where .bin was not a thing, yet.
+          nix-build -E 'with import ./. {}; pkgs.lib.getBin postgrestPackage' > "$tmpdir"/build.log 2>&1 || {
+            echo "failed, output:"
+            cat "$tmpdir"/build.log
+            exit 1
+          }
+          PGRST_CMD=$(echo ./result*/bin/postgrest)
        else
-          $PGRST_CMD > "$tmpdir"/run.log 2>&1 &
+          echo -n "Building postgrest (cabal)... "
+          postgrest-build
+          PGRST_CMD=postgrest-run
        fi
+        echo "done."
+
+        ver=$($PGRST_CMD ${legacyConfig} --version)
+
+        echo -n "Starting $ver... "
+
+        $PGRST_CMD ${legacyConfig} > "$tmpdir"/run.log 2>&1 &
        pid=$!
-        # shellcheck disable=SC2329
+        # shellcheck disable=SC2317
        cleanup() {
          # Send INT to all postgrest processes.
          # Workaround to trigger dumping postgrest.prof for postgrest-profiled-run
@@ -295,25 +407,17 @@ let
        }
        trap cleanup EXIT

-        wait_start=$SECONDS
-        timeout -s TERM "$_arg_timeout" ${waitForPgrstReady} || {
+        timeout -s TERM 5 ${waitForPgrstReady} || {
          echo "timed out, output:"
          cat "$tmpdir"/run.log
          exit 1
        }
-        wait_duration=$((SECONDS - wait_start))
-        printf "done in %ss.\n" "$wait_duration"
-
-        echo "${commandName}: You can tail the server logs with: tail -f $tmpdir/run.log"
+        echo "done."

        if [[ -n "$_arg_monitor" ]]; then
          ${monitorPid} "$pid" > "$_arg_monitor" &
        fi

-        if [[ -n "$_arg_sleep" ]]; then
-          sleep "$_arg_sleep"
-        fi
-
        ("$_arg_command" "''${_arg_leftovers[@]}")
      '';

@@ -329,8 +433,11 @@ buildToolbox
  name = "postgrest-with";
  tools = {
    inherit
+      withGit
      withPgAll
-      withPgrst;
+      withPgrst
+      withSlowPg
+      withSlowPgrst;
  } // builtins.listToAttrs (
    # Create a `postgrest-with-pg-` for each PostgreSQL version
    builtins.map (pg: { inherit (pg) name; value = withTmpDb pg; }) postgresqlVersions
@@ -1,27 +1,28 @@
-cabal-version:      3.0
 name:               postgrest
-version:            17
+version:            14.7
 synopsis:           REST API for any Postgres database
 description:        Reads the schema of a PostgreSQL database and creates RESTful routes
                    for tables, views, and functions, supporting all HTTP methods that security
                    permits.
 license:            MIT
 license-file:       LICENSE
-author:             Joe Nelson, Adam Baker, Steve Chavez, Wolfgang Walther
+author:             Joe Nelson, Adam Baker, Steve Chavez
 maintainer:         Steve Chavez <stevechavezast@gmail.com>
 category:           Executable, PostgreSQL, Network APIs
 homepage:           https://postgrest.org
 bug-reports:        https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/issues
 build-type:         Simple
 extra-source-files: CHANGELOG.md
+cabal-version:      >= 1.10

 tested-with:
+    -- nix
+    GHC == 9.4.8
    -- cabal on Ubuntu
    -- stack on FreeBSD, MacOS, Ubuntu, Windows
-  , GHC == 9.10.3
+  , GHC == 9.6.7
    -- cabal on Ubuntu
-    -- nix
-  , GHC == 9.12.3
+  , GHC == 9.8.4

 source-repository head
  type:     git
@@ -38,16 +39,13 @@ flag hpc
  description: Enable HPC (dev only)

 library
-  default-language:   GHC2021
+  default-language:   Haskell2010
  default-extensions: OverloadedStrings
                      NoImplicitPrelude
-  hs-source-dirs:     src/library
+  hs-source-dirs:     src
  exposed-modules:    PostgREST.Admin
                      PostgREST.App
                      PostgREST.AppState
-                      PostgREST.AppState.Pool
-                      PostgREST.AppState.Reload
-                      PostgREST.AppState.Types
                      PostgREST.Auth
                      PostgREST.Auth.Jwt
                      PostgREST.Auth.JwtCache
@@ -57,7 +55,6 @@ library
                      PostgREST.Client
                      PostgREST.Config
                      PostgREST.Config.Database
-                      PostgREST.Debounce
                      PostgREST.Config.JSPath
                      PostgREST.Config.PgVersion
                      PostgREST.Config.Proxy
@@ -69,10 +66,9 @@ library
                      PostgREST.SchemaCache.Representations
                      PostgREST.SchemaCache.Table
                      PostgREST.Error
-                      PostgREST.Error.Types
+                      PostgREST.Listener
                      PostgREST.Logger
                      PostgREST.MainTx
-                      PostgREST.Logger.Apache
                      PostgREST.MediaType
                      PostgREST.Metrics
                      PostgREST.Network
@@ -85,7 +81,6 @@ library
                      PostgREST.Plan
                      PostgREST.Plan.CallPlan
                      PostgREST.Plan.MutatePlan
-                      PostgREST.Plan.Negotiate
                      PostgREST.Plan.ReadPlan
                      PostgREST.Plan.Types
                      PostgREST.RangeQuery
@@ -101,32 +96,27 @@ library
                      PostgREST.Response.Performance
                      PostgREST.TimeIt
                      PostgREST.Version
-  build-depends:      base                      >= 4.9 && < 4.22
+  build-depends:      base                      >= 4.9 && < 4.20
                    , HTTP                      >= 4000.3.7 && < 4000.5
-                    , Ranged-sets               >= 0.3 && < 0.6
+                    , Ranged-sets               >= 0.3 && < 0.5
                    , aeson                     >= 2.0.3 && < 2.3
-                    , aeson-jsonpath            >= 0.4.2 && < 0.5
-                    , auto-update               >= 0.2.7 && < 0.3
+                    , auto-update               >= 0.1.4 && < 0.3
                    , base64-bytestring         >= 1 && < 1.3
                    , bytestring                >= 0.10.8 && < 0.13
                    , case-insensitive          >= 1.2 && < 1.3
                    , cassava                   >= 0.4.5 && < 0.6
                    , configurator-pg           >= 0.2.11 && < 0.3
-                    , containers                >= 0.5.7 && < 0.8
+                    , containers                >= 0.5.7 && < 0.7
                    , cookie                    >= 0.4.2 && < 0.6
-                    -- crypton 1.1.0 moved from `memory` to `ram`, which jose-jwt fails to build with right now.
-                    -- should be possible to remove this once jose-jwt had a new release.
-                    , crypton                   < 1.1.0
                    , directory                 >= 1.2.6 && < 1.4
                    , either                    >= 4.4.1 && < 5.1
                    , extra                     >= 1.7.0 && < 2.0
-                    , fast-logger               >= 3.2.0 && < 3.3
                    , fuzzyset                  >= 0.2.4 && < 0.3
-                    , hasql                     >= 1.9 && <= 1.9.3.1
-                    , hasql-dynamic-statements  >= 0.3.1 && <= 0.3.1.8
-                    , hasql-notifications       >= 0.2.4.0 && < 0.3
-                    , hasql-pool                >= 1.1 && <= 1.3.0.4
-                    , hasql-transaction         >= 1.0.1 && <= 1.2.1
+                    , hasql                     >= 1.6.1.1 && < 1.7
+                    , hasql-dynamic-statements  >= 0.3.1 && < 0.4
+                    , hasql-notifications       >= 0.2.2.2 && < 0.2.3
+                    , hasql-pool                >= 1.0.1 && < 1.1
+                    , hasql-transaction         >= 1.0.1 && < 1.2
                    , http-client               >= 0.7.19 && < 0.8
                    , http-types                >= 0.12.2 && < 0.13
                    , insert-ordered-containers >= 0.2.2 && < 0.3
@@ -139,9 +129,9 @@ library
                    , network-uri               >= 2.6.1 && < 2.8
                    , optparse-applicative      >= 0.13 && < 0.19
                    , parsec                    >= 3.1.11 && < 3.2
+                    -- Technically unused, can be removed after updating to hasql >= 1.7
                    , postgresql-libpq          >= 0.10
                    , prometheus-client         >= 1.1.1 && < 1.2.0
-                    , prometheus-metrics-ghc    >= 1.0.1.2 && < 1.2
                    , protolude                 >= 0.3.1 && < 0.4
                    , regex-tdfa                >= 1.2.2 && < 1.4
                    , retry                     >= 0.7.4 && < 0.10
@@ -149,30 +139,30 @@ library
                    , streaming-commons         >= 0.2.3.1 && < 0.3
                    , swagger2                  >= 2.4 && < 2.9
                    , text                      >= 1.2.2 && < 2.2
-                    , time                      >= 1.6 && < 1.15
+                    , time                      >= 1.6 && < 1.13
                    , unordered-containers      >= 0.2.8 && < 0.3
                    , unix-compat               >= 0.5.4 && < 0.8
+                    , vault                     >= 0.3.1.5 && < 0.4
                    , vector                    >= 0.11 && < 0.14
                    , wai                       >= 3.2.1 && < 3.3
                    , wai-cors                  >= 0.2.5 && < 0.3
                    , wai-extra                 >= 3.1.8 && < 3.2
                    -- We already depend on wai-logger >= 2.3.7 indirectly via wai-extra,
                    -- but we want to depend on 2.4.0 which fixes 'unknownSocket' log output
-                    -- for unix sockets; this is tested in test/io/test_log.py. See
+                    -- for unix sockets; this is tested in test/io/test_io.py. See
                    -- https://github.com/kazu-yamamoto/logger/commit/3a71ca70afdbb93d4ecf0083eeba1fbbbcab3fc3
                    , wai-logger                >= 2.4.0
-                    , warp                      >= 3.4.14 && < 3.5
+                    , warp                      >= 3.3.19 && < 3.5
                    , stm                       >= 2.5 && < 3
                    , stm-hamt                  >= 1.2 && < 2
                    , focus                     >= 1.0 && < 2
                    , some                      >= 1.0.4.1 && < 2
-                    , uuid                      >= 1.3 && < 2
                      -- -fno-spec-constr may help keep compile time memory use in check,
                      --   see https://gitlab.haskell.org/ghc/ghc/issues/16017#note_219304
                      -- -optP-Wno-nonportable-include-path
                      --   prevents build failures on case-insensitive filesystems (macos),
                      --   see https://github.com/commercialhaskell/stack/issues/3918
-  ghc-options:        -j -Werror -Wall -fwarn-identities
+  ghc-options:        -Werror -Wall -fwarn-identities
                      -fno-spec-constr -optP-Wno-nonportable-include-path

  if flag(dev)
@@ -181,27 +171,22 @@ library
      ghc-options: -fhpc -hpcdir .hpc
  else
    ghc-options: -O2
-    if impl(ghc >= 9.12)
-      -- Makes GHC consider cross-module specialization for polymorphic functions
-      -- without explicitly needing to add INLINE, INLINABLE or SPECIALIZE pragmas.
-      -- Slightly increases the binary size but improves performance considerably.
-      ghc-options: -fexpose-overloaded-unfoldings -fspecialise-aggressively

  if !os(windows)
    build-depends:
      unix

 executable postgrest
-  default-language:   GHC2021
+  default-language:   Haskell2010
  default-extensions: OverloadedStrings
                      NoImplicitPrelude
-  hs-source-dirs:     src/executable
+  hs-source-dirs:     main
  main-is:            Main.hs
-  build-depends:      base                >= 4.9 && < 4.22
-                    , containers          >= 0.5.7 && < 0.8
+  build-depends:      base                >= 4.9 && < 4.20
+                    , containers          >= 0.5.7 && < 0.7
                    , postgrest
                    , protolude           >= 0.3.1 && < 0.4
-  ghc-options:        -j -threaded -rtsopts "-with-rtsopts=-N -I0 -qg"
+  ghc-options:        -threaded -rtsopts "-with-rtsopts=-N -I0 -qg"
                      -O2 -Werror -Wall -fwarn-identities
                      -fno-spec-constr -optP-Wno-nonportable-include-path

@@ -216,7 +201,7 @@ executable postgrest

 test-suite spec
  type:               exitcode-stdio-1.0
-  default-language:   GHC2021
+  default-language:   Haskell2010
  default-extensions: OverloadedStrings
                      QuasiQuotes
                      NoImplicitPrelude
@@ -226,12 +211,10 @@ test-suite spec
                      Feature.Auth.AudienceJwtSecretSpec
                      Feature.Auth.AuthSpec
                      Feature.Auth.BinaryJwtSecretSpec
-                      Feature.Auth.JwtCacheSpec
                      Feature.Auth.NoAnonSpec
                      Feature.Auth.NoJwtSecretSpec
                      Feature.ConcurrentSpec
                      Feature.CorsSpec
-                      Feature.HttpHeaderSpec
                      Feature.ExtraSearchPathSpec
                      Feature.NoSuperuserSpec
                      Feature.ObservabilitySpec
@@ -257,10 +240,7 @@ test-suite spec
                      Feature.Query.PgSafeUpdateSpec
                      Feature.Query.PlanSpec
                      Feature.Query.PostGISSpec
-                      Feature.Query.Preferences.HandlingSpec
-                      Feature.Query.Preferences.MaxAffectedSpec
-                      Feature.Query.Preferences.TimezoneSpec
-                      Feature.Query.PreparedStatementsSpec
+                      Feature.Query.PreferencesSpec
                      Feature.Query.QueryLimitedSpec
                      Feature.Query.QuerySpec
                      Feature.Query.RangeSpec
@@ -276,16 +256,16 @@ test-suite spec
                      Feature.RollbackSpec
                      Feature.RpcPreRequestGucsSpec
                      SpecHelper
-  build-depends:      base              >= 4.9 && < 4.22
+  build-depends:      base              >= 4.9 && < 4.20
                    , aeson             >= 2.0.3 && < 2.3
                    , aeson-qq          >= 0.8.1 && < 0.9
                    , async             >= 2.1.1 && < 2.3
                    , base64-bytestring >= 1 && < 1.3
                    , bytestring        >= 0.10.8 && < 0.13
                    , case-insensitive  >= 1.2 && < 1.3
-                    , containers        >= 0.5.7 && < 0.8
-                    , hasql-pool        >= 1.0.1 && <= 1.3.0.4
-                    , hasql-transaction >= 1.0.1 && <= 1.2.1
+                    , containers        >= 0.5.7 && < 0.7
+                    , hasql-pool        >= 1.0.1 && < 1.1
+                    , hasql-transaction >= 1.0.1 && < 1.2
                    , heredoc           >= 0.2 && < 0.3
                    , hspec             >= 2.3 && < 2.12
                    , hspec-expectations >= 0.8.4 && < 0.9
@@ -303,11 +283,10 @@ test-suite spec
                    , regex-tdfa        >= 1.2.2 && < 1.4
                    , scientific        >= 0.3.4 && < 0.4
                    , text              >= 1.2.2 && < 2.2
-                    , time              >= 1.6 && < 1.15
                    , transformers-base >= 0.4.4 && < 0.5
                    , wai               >= 3.2.1 && < 3.3
                    , wai-extra         >= 3.0.19 && < 3.2
-  ghc-options:        -j -threaded -O0 -Werror -Wall -fwarn-identities
+  ghc-options:        -threaded -O0 -Werror -Wall -fwarn-identities
                      -fno-spec-constr -optP-Wno-nonportable-include-path
                      -fno-warn-missing-signatures
                      -fwrite-ide-info
@@ -316,7 +295,7 @@ test-suite spec

 test-suite observability
  type:               exitcode-stdio-1.0
-  default-language:   GHC2021
+  default-language:   Haskell2010
  default-extensions: OverloadedStrings
                      QuasiQuotes
                      NoImplicitPrelude
@@ -324,13 +303,11 @@ test-suite observability
  main-is:            Main.hs
  other-modules:      ObsHelper
                      Observation.JwtCache
-                      Observation.MetricsSpec
-                      Observation.SchemaCacheSpec
-  build-depends:      base              >= 4.9 && < 4.22
+  build-depends:      base              >= 4.9 && < 4.20
                    , base64-bytestring >= 1 && < 1.3
                    , bytestring        >= 0.10.8 && < 0.13
-                    , hasql-pool        >= 1.0.1 && <= 1.3.0.4
-                    , hasql-transaction >= 1.0.1 && <= 1.2.1
+                    , hasql-pool        >= 1.0.1 && < 1.1
+                    , hasql-transaction >= 1.0.1 && < 1.2
                    , hspec             >= 2.3 && < 2.12
                    , hspec-expectations >= 0.8.4 && < 0.9
                    , hspec-wai         >= 0.10 && < 0.12
@@ -340,9 +317,8 @@ test-suite observability
                    , postgrest
                    , prometheus-client >= 1.1.1 && < 1.2.0
                    , protolude         >= 0.3.1 && < 0.4
-                    , text              >= 1.2.2 && < 2.2
                    , wai               >= 3.2.1 && < 3.3
-  ghc-options:        -j -threaded -O0 -Werror -Wall -fwarn-identities
+  ghc-options:        -threaded -O0 -Werror -Wall -fwarn-identities
                      -fno-spec-constr -optP-Wno-nonportable-include-path
                      -fwrite-ide-info
                      -- https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/issues/387
@@ -350,12 +326,15 @@ test-suite observability

 test-suite doctests
  type:               exitcode-stdio-1.0
-  default-language:   GHC2021
+  default-language:   Haskell2010
+  default-extensions: OverloadedStrings
+                      NoImplicitPrelude
  hs-source-dirs:     test/doc
  main-is:            Main.hs
-  build-depends:      base              >= 4.9 && < 4.22
-                    , doctest-parallel  >= 0.4
+  build-depends:      base              >= 4.9 && < 4.20
+                    , doctest           >= 0.8
                    , postgrest
                    , pretty-simple
-  ghc-options:        -j -threaded -O0 -Werror -Wall -fwarn-identities
+                    , protolude         >= 0.3.1 && < 0.4
+  ghc-options:        -threaded -O0 -Werror -Wall -fwarn-identities
                      -fno-spec-constr -optP-Wno-nonportable-include-path
@@ -7,9 +7,11 @@
 # We highly recommend that use the PostgREST binary cache by installing cachix
 # (https://app.cachix.org/) and running `cachix use postgrest`.
 { docker ? false
-, postgrest ? import ./default.nix { }
 }:
 let
+  postgrest =
+    import ./default.nix { };
+
  inherit (postgrest) pkgs;

  inherit (pkgs) lib;
@@ -35,7 +37,10 @@ lib.overrideDerivation postgrest.env (
    buildInputs =
      base.buildInputs ++ [
        pkgs.cabal-install
+        pkgs.cabal2nix
+        pkgs.git
        pkgs.postgresql
+        pkgs.update-nix-fetchgit
        postgrest.hsie.bin
      ]
      ++ toolboxes;
@@ -44,10 +49,6 @@ lib.overrideDerivation postgrest.env (
      ''
        export HISTFILE=.history

-        # Bypass proxy for all hosts, it prevents HTTP client failures used in test
-        # suites. See: https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/issues/4633 for more info
-        export NO_PROXY=*
-
        source ${pkgs.bash-completion}/etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh
        source ${pkgs.git}/share/git/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
        source ${postgrest.hsie.bash-completion}
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+module PostgREST.Admin
+  ( runAdmin
+  ) where
+
+import qualified Data.Aeson                as JSON
+import qualified Network.HTTP.Types.Status as HTTP
+import qualified Network.Wai               as Wai
+import qualified Network.Wai.Handler.Warp  as Warp
+
+import Control.Monad.Extra       (whenJust)
+import Network.Socket            hiding (addrFamily)
+import Network.Socket.ByteString
+
+import PostgREST.AppState    (AppState)
+import PostgREST.MediaType   (MediaType (..), toContentType)
+import PostgREST.Metrics     (metricsToText)
+import PostgREST.Network     (resolveSocketToAddress)
+import PostgREST.Observation (Observation (..))
+
+import qualified PostgREST.AppState as AppState
+
+import Protolude
+
+runAdmin :: AppState -> Warp.Settings -> IO ()
+runAdmin appState settings = do
+  whenJust (AppState.getSocketAdmin appState) $ \adminSocket -> do
+    address <- resolveSocketToAddress adminSocket
+    observer $ AdminStartObs address
+    void . forkIO $ Warp.runSettingsSocket settings adminSocket adminApp
+  where
+    adminApp = admin appState
+    observer = AppState.getObserver appState
+
+-- | PostgREST admin application
+admin :: AppState.AppState -> Wai.Application
+admin appState req respond  = do
+  isMainAppReachable  <- isRight <$> reachMainApp (AppState.getSocketREST appState)
+  isLoaded <- AppState.isLoaded appState
+  isPending <- AppState.isPending appState
+
+  case Wai.pathInfo req of
+    ["live"] ->
+      respond $ Wai.responseLBS (if isMainAppReachable then HTTP.status200 else HTTP.status500) [] mempty
+    ["ready"] ->
+      let
+        status | not isMainAppReachable = HTTP.status500
+               | isPending              = HTTP.status503
+               | isLoaded               = HTTP.status200
+               | otherwise              = HTTP.status500
+      in
+      respond $ Wai.responseLBS status [] mempty
+    ["schema_cache"] -> do
+      sCache <- AppState.getSchemaCache appState
+      respond $ Wai.responseLBS HTTP.status200 [] (maybe mempty JSON.encode sCache)
+    ["metrics"] -> do
+      mets <- metricsToText
+      respond $ Wai.responseLBS HTTP.status200 [toContentType MTTextPlain] mets -- Content-Type is required for prometheus compliance
+    _ ->
+      respond $ Wai.responseLBS HTTP.status404 [] mempty
+
+-- Try to connect to the main app socket
+-- Note that it doesn't even send a valid HTTP request, we just want to check that the main app is accepting connections
+reachMainApp :: Socket -> IO (Either IOException ())
+reachMainApp appSock = do
+  sockAddr <- getSocketName appSock
+  sock <- socket (addrFamily sockAddr) Stream defaultProtocol
+  try $ do
+    connect sock sockAddr
+    withSocketsDo $ bracket (pure sock) close sendEmpty
+  where
+    sendEmpty sock = void $ send sock mempty
+    addrFamily (SockAddrInet _ _) = AF_INET
+    addrFamily (SockAddrInet6 {}) = AF_INET6
+    addrFamily (SockAddrUnix _)   = AF_UNIX
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ module PostgREST.ApiRequest
  ( ApiRequest(..)
  , userApiRequest
  , userPreferences
-  , userBearerAuth
  ) where

 import qualified Data.CaseInsensitive as CI
@@ -17,28 +16,32 @@ import qualified Data.List.NonEmpty   as NonEmptyList
 import qualified Data.Set             as S
 import qualified Data.Text.Encoding   as T

-import Data.List                       (lookup)
-import Data.Ranged.Ranges              (emptyRange, rangeIntersection,
-                                        rangeIsEmpty)
-import Network.HTTP.Types.Header       (RequestHeaders, hAuthorization, hCookie)
-import Network.Wai                     (Request (..))
-import Network.Wai.Middleware.HttpAuth (extractBearerAuth)
-import Network.Wai.Parse               (parseHttpAccept)
-import Web.Cookie                      (parseCookies)
+import Data.List                 (lookup)
+import Data.Ranged.Ranges        (emptyRange, rangeIntersection,
+                                  rangeIsEmpty)
+import Network.HTTP.Types.Header (RequestHeaders, hCookie)
+import Network.Wai               (Request (..))
+import Network.Wai.Parse         (parseHttpAccept)
+import Web.Cookie                (parseCookies)

 import PostgREST.ApiRequest.Payload      (getPayload)
 import PostgREST.ApiRequest.QueryParams  (QueryParams (..))
 import PostgREST.ApiRequest.Types        (Action (..), DbAction (..),
-                                          InvokeMethod (..), Mutation (..),
-                                          Payload (..), RequestBody,
-                                          Resource (..))
-import PostgREST.Config                  (AppConfig (..), OpenAPIMode (..))
-import PostgREST.Error                   (ApiRequestError (..), RangeError (..))
+                                          InvokeMethod (..),
+                                          Mutation (..), Payload (..),
+                                          RequestBody, Resource (..))
+import PostgREST.Config                  (AppConfig (..),
+                                          OpenAPIMode (..))
+import PostgREST.Config.Database         (TimezoneNames)
+import PostgREST.Error                   (ApiRequestError (..),
+                                          RangeError (..))
 import PostgREST.MediaType               (MediaType (..))
 import PostgREST.RangeQuery              (NonnegRange, allRange,
-                                          convertToLimitZeroRange, hasLimitZero,
+                                          convertToLimitZeroRange,
+                                          hasLimitZero,
                                          rangeRequested)
-import PostgREST.SchemaCache.Identifiers (FieldName, QualifiedIdentifier (..),
+import PostgREST.SchemaCache.Identifiers (FieldName,
+                                          QualifiedIdentifier (..),
                                          Schema)

 import qualified PostgREST.ApiRequest.Preferences as Preferences
@@ -61,7 +64,7 @@ data ApiRequest = ApiRequest {
  , iPayload             :: Maybe Payload                    -- ^ Data sent by client and used for mutation actions
  , iPreferences         :: Preferences.Preferences          -- ^ Prefer header values
  , iQueryParams         :: QueryParams.QueryParams
-  , iColumns             :: S.Set FieldName                  -- ^ parsed columns from &columns parameter and payload
+  , iColumns             :: S.Set FieldName                  -- ^ parsed colums from &columns parameter and payload
  , iHeaders             :: [(ByteString, ByteString)]       -- ^ HTTP request headers
  , iCookies             :: [(ByteString, ByteString)]       -- ^ Request Cookies
  , iPath                :: ByteString                       -- ^ Raw request path
@@ -108,12 +111,8 @@ userApiRequest conf prefs req reqBody = do
    actIsInvokeSafe x = case x of {ActDb (ActRoutine _  (InvRead _)) -> True; _ -> False}

 -- | Parses the Prefer header
-userPreferences :: AppConfig -> Request -> Preferences.Preferences
-userPreferences conf req = Preferences.fromHeaders (configDbTxAllowOverride conf) $ requestHeaders req
-
-- | Obtains the Bearer Auth
-userBearerAuth :: Request -> Maybe ByteString
-userBearerAuth req = extractBearerAuth =<< lookup hAuthorization (requestHeaders req)
+userPreferences :: AppConfig -> Request -> TimezoneNames -> Preferences.Preferences
+userPreferences conf req timezones = Preferences.fromHeaders (configDbTxAllowOverride conf) timezones $ requestHeaders req

 getResource :: AppConfig -> [Text] -> Either ApiRequestError Resource
 getResource AppConfig{configOpenApiMode, configDbRootSpec} = \case
@@ -21,21 +21,20 @@ module PostgREST.ApiRequest.Preferences
  , shouldCount
  , shouldExplainCount
  , prefAppliedHeader
-  , toHeaderValue
  ) where

 import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8     as BS
 import qualified Data.Map                  as Map
+import qualified Data.Set                  as S
 import qualified Network.HTTP.Types.Header as HTTP

+import PostgREST.Config.Database (TimezoneNames)
+
 import Protolude

 -- $setup
 -- Setup for doctests
-- >>> :set -XStandaloneDeriving
 -- >>> import Text.Pretty.Simple (pPrint)
-- >>> import qualified Data.Set as S
-- >>> import Protolude
 -- >>> deriving instance Show PreferResolution
 -- >>> deriving instance Show PreferRepresentation
 -- >>> deriving instance Show PreferCount
@@ -63,8 +62,10 @@ data Preferences
 -- |
 -- Parse HTTP headers based on RFC7240[1] to identify preferences.
 --
+-- >>> let sc = S.fromList ["America/Los_Angeles"]
+--
 -- One header with comma-separated values can be used to set multiple preferences:
-- >>> pPrint $ fromHeaders True [("Prefer", "resolution=ignore-duplicates, count=exact, timezone=America/Los_Angeles, max-affected=100")]
+-- >>> pPrint $ fromHeaders True sc [("Prefer", "resolution=ignore-duplicates, count=exact, timezone=America/Los_Angeles, max-affected=100")]
 -- Preferences
 --     { preferResolution = Just IgnoreDuplicates
 --     , preferRepresentation = Nothing
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ data Preferences
 --
 -- Multiple headers can also be used:
 --
-- >>> pPrint $ fromHeaders True [("Prefer", "resolution=ignore-duplicates"), ("Prefer", "count=exact"), ("Prefer", "missing=null"), ("Prefer", "handling=lenient"), ("Prefer", "invalid"), ("Prefer", "max-affected=5999")]
+-- >>> pPrint $ fromHeaders True sc [("Prefer", "resolution=ignore-duplicates"), ("Prefer", "count=exact"), ("Prefer", "missing=null"), ("Prefer", "handling=lenient"), ("Prefer", "invalid"), ("Prefer", "max-affected=5999")]
 -- Preferences
 --     { preferResolution = Just IgnoreDuplicates
 --     , preferRepresentation = Nothing
@@ -97,13 +98,13 @@ data Preferences
 --
 -- If a preference is set more than once, only the first is used:
 --
-- >>> preferTransaction $ fromHeaders True [("Prefer", "tx=commit, tx=rollback")]
+-- >>> preferTransaction $ fromHeaders True sc [("Prefer", "tx=commit, tx=rollback")]
 -- Just Commit
 --
 -- This is also the case across multiple headers:
 --
 -- >>> :{
--   preferResolution . fromHeaders True $
+--   preferResolution . fromHeaders True sc $
 --     [ ("Prefer", "resolution=ignore-duplicates")
 --     , ("Prefer", "resolution=merge-duplicates")
 --     ]
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ data Preferences
 --
 -- Preferences can be separated by arbitrary amounts of space, lower-case header is also recognized:
 --
-- >>> pPrint $ fromHeaders True [("prefer", "count=exact,    tx=commit   ,return=representation , missing=default, handling=strict, anything")]
+-- >>> pPrint $ fromHeaders True sc [("prefer", "count=exact,    tx=commit   ,return=representation , missing=default, handling=strict, anything")]
 -- Preferences
 --     { preferResolution = Nothing
 --     , preferRepresentation = Just Full
@@ -126,8 +127,8 @@ data Preferences
 --     , invalidPrefs = [ "anything" ]
 --     }
 --
-fromHeaders :: Bool -> [HTTP.Header] -> Preferences
-fromHeaders allowTxDbOverride headers =
+fromHeaders :: Bool -> TimezoneNames -> [HTTP.Header] -> Preferences
+fromHeaders allowTxDbOverride acceptedTzNames headers =
  Preferences
    { preferResolution     = parsePrefs [MergeDuplicates, IgnoreDuplicates]
    , preferRepresentation = parsePrefs [Full, None, HeadersOnly]
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ fromHeaders allowTxDbOverride headers =
    , preferTransaction    = if allowTxDbOverride then parsePrefs [Commit, Rollback] else Nothing
    , preferMissing        = parsePrefs [ApplyDefaults, ApplyNulls]
    , preferHandling       = parsePrefs [Strict, Lenient]
-    , preferTimezone       = PreferTimezone <$> timezonePref
+    , preferTimezone       = if isTimezonePrefAccepted then PreferTimezone <$> timezonePref else Nothing
    , preferMaxAffected    = PreferMaxAffected <$> maxAffectedPref
    , invalidPrefs         = filter isUnacceptable prefs
    }
@@ -155,11 +156,12 @@ fromHeaders allowTxDbOverride headers =
    listStripPrefix prefix prefList = listToMaybe $ mapMaybe (BS.stripPrefix prefix) prefList

    timezonePref = listStripPrefix "timezone=" prefs
+    isTimezonePrefAccepted = ((S.member . decodeUtf8 <$> timezonePref) <*> pure acceptedTzNames) == Just True

    maxAffectedPref = listStripPrefix "max-affected=" prefs >>= readMaybe . BS.unpack

    isUnacceptable p = p `notElem` acceptedPrefs &&
-                       isNothing (BS.stripPrefix "timezone=" p) &&
+                       (isNothing (BS.stripPrefix "timezone=" p) ||  not isTimezonePrefAccepted) &&
                       isNothing (BS.stripPrefix "max-affected=" p)

    parsePrefs :: ToHeaderValue a => [a] -> Maybe a
@@ -4,22 +4,12 @@
 --
 -- This module is in charge of parsing all the querystring values in an url, e.g.
 -- the select, id, order in `/projects?select=id,name&id=eq.1&order=id,name.desc`.
-{-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase    #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE TupleSections #-}
 module PostgREST.ApiRequest.QueryParams
  ( parse
  , QueryParams(..)
-  , pFieldForest
-  , pFieldName
-  , pFieldSelect
-  , pJsonPath
-  , pLogicTree
-  , pOpExpr
-  , pOrder
-  , pRelationSelect
-  , pRequestFilter
  , pRequestRange
-  , pSingleVal
-  , pSpreadRelationSelect
  ) where

 import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8         as BS
@@ -38,38 +28,40 @@ import Data.List                     (init, last)
 import Data.Ranged.Boundaries        (Boundary (..))
 import Data.Ranged.Ranges            (Range (..))
 import Data.Tree                     (Tree (..))
-import Text.Parsec.Error             (errorMessages, showErrorMessages)
-import Text.ParserCombinators.Parsec (GenParser, ParseError, Parser, anyChar,
-                                      between, char, choice, digit, eof,
-                                      errorPos, letter, lookAhead, many1,
-                                      noneOf, notFollowedBy, oneOf, optionMaybe,
-                                      sepBy, sepBy1, string, try, (<?>))
+import Text.Parsec.Error             (errorMessages,
+                                      showErrorMessages)
+import Text.ParserCombinators.Parsec (GenParser, ParseError, Parser,
+                                      anyChar, between, char, choice,
+                                      digit, eof, errorPos, letter,
+                                      lookAhead, many1, noneOf,
+                                      notFollowedBy, oneOf,
+                                      optionMaybe, sepBy, sepBy1,
+                                      string, try, (<?>))

-import PostgREST.RangeQuery              (NonnegRange, allRange, rangeGeq,
-                                          rangeLimit, rangeOffset,
-                                          restrictRange)
+import PostgREST.RangeQuery              (NonnegRange, allRange,
+                                          rangeGeq, rangeLimit,
+                                          rangeOffset, restrictRange)
 import PostgREST.SchemaCache.Identifiers (FieldName)

-import PostgREST.ApiRequest.Types (AggregateFunction (..), EmbedParam (..),
-                                   EmbedPath, Field, Filter (..),
-                                   FtsOperator (..), Hint, IsVal (..),
-                                   JoinType (..), JsonOperand (..),
-                                   JsonOperation (..), JsonPath, ListVal,
-                                   LogicOperator (..), LogicTree (..),
-                                   OpExpr (..), OpQuantifier (..),
-                                   Operation (..), OrderDirection (..),
+import PostgREST.ApiRequest.Types (AggregateFunction (..),
+                                   EmbedParam (..), EmbedPath, Field,
+                                   Filter (..), FtsOperator (..),
+                                   Hint, IsVal (..), JoinType (..),
+                                   JsonOperand (..),
+                                   JsonOperation (..), JsonPath,
+                                   ListVal, LogicOperator (..),
+                                   LogicTree (..), OpExpr (..),
+                                   OpQuantifier (..), Operation (..),
+                                   OrderDirection (..),
                                   OrderNulls (..), OrderTerm (..),
-                                   QuantOperator (..), SelectItem (..),
+                                   QuantOperator (..),
+                                   SelectItem (..),
                                   SimpleOperator (..), SingleVal)

 import PostgREST.Error (QPError (..))

 import Protolude hiding (Sum, try)

-- $setup
-- >>> import qualified Text.ParserCombinators.Parsec as P
-- >>> import Protolude hiding (Sum, try)
-
 data QueryParams =
  QueryParams
    { qsCanonical      :: ByteString
@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@ module PostgREST.ApiRequest.Types
 import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as LBS
 import qualified Data.Set             as S

-import PostgREST.SchemaCache.Identifiers (FieldName, QualifiedIdentifier (..),
+import PostgREST.SchemaCache.Identifiers (FieldName,
+                                          QualifiedIdentifier (..),
                                          Schema)

 import Protolude
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+{-|
+Module      : PostgREST.App
+Description : PostgREST main application
+
+This module is in charge of mapping HTTP requests to PostgreSQL queries.
+Some of its functionality includes:
+
+- Mapping HTTP request methods to proper SQL statements. For example, a GET request is translated to executing a SELECT query in a read-only TRANSACTION.
+- Producing HTTP Headers according to RFCs.
+- Content Negotiation
+-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RecordWildCards     #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ViewPatterns        #-}
+module PostgREST.App
+  ( postgrest
+  , run
+  ) where
+
+
+import GHC.IO.Exception (IOErrorType (..))
+import System.IO.Error  (ioeGetErrorType)
+
+import Control.Monad.Except     (liftEither)
+import Data.Either.Combinators  (mapLeft, whenLeft)
+import Data.Maybe               (fromJust)
+import Data.String              (IsString (..))
+import Network.Wai.Handler.Warp (defaultSettings, setHost,
+                                 setOnException, setPort,
+                                 setServerName)
+
+import qualified Data.Text.Encoding       as T
+import qualified Network.Wai              as Wai
+import qualified Network.Wai.Handler.Warp as Warp
+
+import qualified PostgREST.Admin      as Admin
+import qualified PostgREST.ApiRequest as ApiRequest
+import qualified PostgREST.AppState   as AppState
+import qualified PostgREST.Auth       as Auth
+import qualified PostgREST.Cors       as Cors
+import qualified PostgREST.Error      as Error
+import qualified PostgREST.Listener   as Listener
+import qualified PostgREST.Logger     as Logger
+import qualified PostgREST.MainTx     as MainTx
+import qualified PostgREST.Plan       as Plan
+import qualified PostgREST.Query      as Query
+import qualified PostgREST.Response   as Response
+import qualified PostgREST.Unix       as Unix (installSignalHandlers)
+
+import PostgREST.ApiRequest           (ApiRequest (..))
+import PostgREST.AppState             (AppState)
+import PostgREST.Auth.Types           (AuthResult (..))
+import PostgREST.Config               (AppConfig (..), LogLevel (..))
+import PostgREST.Error                (Error)
+import PostgREST.Network              (resolveSocketToAddress)
+import PostgREST.Observation          (Observation (..))
+import PostgREST.Response.Performance (ServerTiming (..),
+                                       serverTimingHeader)
+import PostgREST.SchemaCache          (SchemaCache (..))
+import PostgREST.TimeIt               (timeItT)
+import PostgREST.Version              (docsVersion, prettyVersion)
+
+import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as BS
+import qualified Data.List             as L
+import qualified Network.HTTP.Types    as HTTP
+import           Protolude             hiding (Handler)
+
+type Handler = ExceptT Error
+
+run :: AppState -> IO ()
+run appState = do
+  conf@AppConfig{..} <- AppState.getConfig appState
+
+  AppState.schemaCacheLoader appState -- Loads the initial SchemaCache
+  Unix.installSignalHandlers observer (AppState.getMainThreadId appState) (AppState.schemaCacheLoader appState) (AppState.readInDbConfig False appState)
+
+  Listener.runListener appState
+
+  Admin.runAdmin appState (serverSettings conf)
+
+  let app = postgrest configLogLevel appState (AppState.schemaCacheLoader appState)
+
+  do
+    address <- resolveSocketToAddress (AppState.getSocketREST appState)
+    observer $ AppServerAddressObs address
+
+  Warp.runSettingsSocket (serverSettings conf & setOnException onWarpException) (AppState.getSocketREST appState) app
+  where
+    observer = AppState.getObserver appState
+
+    onWarpException :: Maybe Wai.Request -> SomeException -> IO ()
+    onWarpException _ ex =
+      when (shouldDisplayException ex) $
+        observer $ WarpErrorObs $ show ex
+
+    -- Similar to wai defaultShouldDisplayException in
+    -- https://github.com/yesodweb/wai//blob/8c3882c60f6abe043889fc20c7efd3fa9747fa4a/warp/Network/Wai/Handler/Warp/Settings.hs#L251-L258
+    -- but without omitting AsyncException since it's important to log for ThreadKilled, StackOverflow and other cases.
+    -- We want to reuse this to avoid flooding the logs for some transient failure cases.
+    shouldDisplayException :: SomeException -> Bool
+    shouldDisplayException se
+        | Just (_ :: Warp.InvalidRequest) <- fromException se = False
+        | Just (ioeGetErrorType -> et) <- fromException se, et == ResourceVanished || et == InvalidArgument = False
+        | otherwise = True
+
+serverSettings :: AppConfig -> Warp.Settings
+serverSettings AppConfig{..} =
+  defaultSettings
+    & setHost (fromString $ toS configServerHost)
+    & setPort configServerPort
+    & setServerName ("postgrest/" <> prettyVersion)
+
+-- | PostgREST application
+postgrest :: LogLevel -> AppState.AppState -> IO () -> Wai.Application
+postgrest logLevel appState connWorker =
+  traceHeaderMiddleware appState .
+  Cors.middleware appState .
+  Auth.middleware appState .
+  Logger.middleware logLevel Auth.getRole $
+    -- fromJust can be used, because the auth middleware will **always** add
+    -- some AuthResult to the vault.
+    \req respond -> case fromJust $ Auth.getResult req of
+      Left err -> respond $ Error.errorResponseFor err
+      Right authResult -> do
+        appConf <- AppState.getConfig appState -- the config must be read again because it can reload
+        maybeSchemaCache <- AppState.getSchemaCache appState
+
+        let
+          eitherResponse :: IO (Either Error Wai.Response)
+          eitherResponse =
+            runExceptT $ postgrestResponse appState appConf maybeSchemaCache authResult req
+
+        response <- either Error.errorResponseFor identity <$> eitherResponse
+        -- Launch the connWorker when the connection is down. The postgrest
+        -- function can respond successfully (with a stale schema cache) before
+        -- the connWorker is done. However, when there's an empty schema cache
+        -- postgrest responds with the error `PGRST002`; this means that the schema
+        -- cache is still loading, so we don't launch the connWorker here because
+        -- it would duplicate the loading process, e.g. https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/issues/3704
+        -- TODO: this process may be unnecessary when the Listener is enabled. Revisit once https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/issues/1766 is done
+        when (isServiceUnavailable response && isJust maybeSchemaCache) connWorker
+        resp <- do
+          delay <- AppState.getNextDelay appState
+          return $ addRetryHint delay response
+        respond resp
+
+postgrestResponse
+  :: AppState.AppState
+  -> AppConfig
+  -> Maybe SchemaCache
+  -> AuthResult
+  -> Wai.Request
+  -> Handler IO Wai.Response
+postgrestResponse appState conf@AppConfig{..} maybeSchemaCache authResult@AuthResult{..} req = do
+  let observer = AppState.getObserver appState
+
+  sCache <-
+    case maybeSchemaCache of
+      Just sCache ->
+        return sCache
+      Nothing -> do
+        lift $ observer SchemaCacheEmptyObs
+        throwError Error.NoSchemaCacheError
+
+  body <- lift $ Wai.strictRequestBody req
+
+  let jwtTime = if configServerTimingEnabled then Auth.getJwtDur req else Nothing
+      timezones = dbTimezones sCache
+      prefs = ApiRequest.userPreferences conf req timezones
+
+  (parseTime, apiReq@ApiRequest{..}) <- withTiming $ liftEither . mapLeft Error.ApiRequestError $ ApiRequest.userApiRequest conf prefs req body
+  (planTime, plan)                   <- withTiming $ liftEither $ Plan.actionPlan iAction conf apiReq sCache
+
+  let mainQ = Query.mainQuery plan conf apiReq authResult configDbPreRequest
+      tx = MainTx.mainTx mainQ conf authResult apiReq plan sCache
+      obsQuery s = when configLogQuery $ observer $ QueryObs mainQ s
+
+  (txTime, txResult) <- withTiming $ do
+    case tx of
+      MainTx.NoDbTx r -> pure r
+      MainTx.DbTx{..} -> do
+        dbRes <- lift $ AppState.usePool appState (dqTransaction dqIsoLevel dqTxMode $ runExceptT dqDbHandler)
+        let eitherResp = join $ mapLeft (Error.PgErr . Error.PgError (Just authRole /= configDbAnonRole)) dbRes
+
+        -- TODO: we use obsQuery twice, one here and one below because in case of an error with the usePool above, the request will finish here and return an error message.
+        -- This is because of a combination of ExceptT + our Error module which has Wai.responseLBS.
+        -- This needs refactoring so only the below obsQuery is used.
+        lift $ whenLeft eitherResp $ obsQuery . Error.status
+        liftEither eitherResp
+
+  (respTime, resp) <- withTiming $ do
+    let response = Response.actionResponse txResult apiReq (T.decodeUtf8 prettyVersion, docsVersion) conf sCache iSchema iNegotiatedByProfile
+        status' = either Error.status Response.pgrstStatus response
+
+    -- TODO: see above obsQuery, only this obsQuery should remain after refactoring (because the QueryObs depends on the status)
+    lift $ obsQuery status'
+    liftEither response
+
+  return $ toWaiResponse (ServerTiming jwtTime parseTime planTime txTime respTime) resp
+
+  where
+    toWaiResponse :: ServerTiming -> Response.PgrstResponse -> Wai.Response
+    toWaiResponse timing (Response.PgrstResponse st hdrs bod) = Wai.responseLBS st (hdrs ++ ([serverTimingHeader timing | configServerTimingEnabled])) bod
+
+    withTiming :: Handler IO a -> Handler IO (Maybe Double, a)
+    withTiming f = if configServerTimingEnabled
+        then do
+          (t, r) <- timeItT f
+          pure (Just t, r)
+        else do
+          r <- f
+          pure (Nothing, r)
+
+traceHeaderMiddleware :: AppState -> Wai.Middleware
+traceHeaderMiddleware appState app req respond = do
+  conf <- AppState.getConfig appState
+
+  case configServerTraceHeader conf of
+    Nothing -> app req respond
+    Just hdr ->
+      let hdrVal = L.lookup hdr $ Wai.requestHeaders req in
+      app req (respond . Wai.mapResponseHeaders ([(hdr, fromMaybe mempty hdrVal)] ++))
+
+addRetryHint :: Int -> Wai.Response -> Wai.Response
+addRetryHint delay response = do
+  let h = ("Retry-After", BS.pack $ show delay)
+  Wai.mapResponseHeaders (\hs -> if isServiceUnavailable response then h:hs else hs) response
+
+isServiceUnavailable :: Wai.Response -> Bool
+isServiceUnavailable response = Wai.responseStatus response == HTTP.status503
@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+{-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase      #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE NamedFieldPuns  #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RecordWildCards #-}
+
+module PostgREST.AppState
+  ( AppState
+  , destroy
+  , getConfig
+  , getSchemaCache
+  , getMainThreadId
+  , getPgVersion
+  , getNextDelay
+  , getNextListenerDelay
+  , getTime
+  , getJwtCacheState
+  , getSocketREST
+  , getSocketAdmin
+  , init
+  , initSockets
+  , initWithPool
+  , putNextListenerDelay
+  , putSchemaCache
+  , putPgVersion
+  , putIsListenerOn
+  , usePool
+  , readInDbConfig
+  , schemaCacheLoader
+  , getObserver
+  , isLoaded
+  , isPending
+  ) where
+
+import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8      as BS
+import           Data.Either.Combinators    (whenLeft)
+import qualified Data.Text                  as T (unpack)
+import qualified Hasql.Pool                 as SQL
+import qualified Hasql.Pool.Config          as SQL
+import qualified Hasql.Session              as SQL
+import qualified Hasql.Transaction.Sessions as SQL
+import qualified Network.HTTP.Types.Status  as HTTP
+import qualified Network.Socket             as NS
+import qualified PostgREST.Auth.JwtCache    as JwtCache
+import qualified PostgREST.Error            as Error
+import qualified PostgREST.Logger           as Logger
+import qualified PostgREST.Metrics          as Metrics
+import           PostgREST.Observation
+import           PostgREST.TimeIt           (timeItT)
+import           PostgREST.Version          (prettyVersion)
+
+import Control.AutoUpdate (defaultUpdateSettings, mkAutoUpdate,
+                           updateAction)
+import Control.Debounce
+import Control.Retry      (RetryPolicy, RetryStatus (..), capDelay,
+                           exponentialBackoff, retrying,
+                           rsPreviousDelay)
+import Data.IORef         (IORef, atomicWriteIORef, newIORef,
+                           readIORef)
+import Data.Time.Clock    (UTCTime, getCurrentTime)
+
+import PostgREST.Auth.JwtCache           (JwtCacheState, update)
+import PostgREST.Config                  (AppConfig (..),
+                                          addFallbackAppName,
+                                          readAppConfig)
+import PostgREST.Config.Database         (queryDbSettings,
+                                          queryPgVersion,
+                                          queryRoleSettings)
+import PostgREST.Config.PgVersion        (PgVersion (..),
+                                          minimumPgVersion)
+import PostgREST.SchemaCache             (SchemaCache (..),
+                                          querySchemaCache,
+                                          showSummary)
+import PostgREST.SchemaCache.Identifiers (quoteQi)
+import PostgREST.Unix                    (createAndBindDomainSocket)
+
+import Data.Streaming.Network (bindPortTCP, bindRandomPortTCP)
+import Data.String            (IsString (..))
+import Protolude
+
+data AppState = AppState
+  -- | Database connection pool
+  { statePool              :: SQL.Pool
+  -- | Database server version
+  , statePgVersion         :: IORef PgVersion
+  -- | Schema cache
+  , stateSchemaCache       :: IORef (Maybe SchemaCache)
+  -- | The schema cache status
+  , stateSCacheStatus      :: IORef SchemaCacheStatus
+  -- | State of the LISTEN channel
+  , stateIsListenerOn      :: IORef Bool
+  -- | starts the connection worker with a debounce
+  , debouncedSCacheLoader  :: IO ()
+  -- | Config that can change at runtime
+  , stateConf              :: IORef AppConfig
+  -- | Time used for verifying JWT expiration
+  , stateGetTime           :: IO UTCTime
+  -- | Used for killing the main thread in case a subthread fails
+  , stateMainThreadId      :: ThreadId
+  -- | Keeps track of the next delay for db connection retry
+  , stateNextDelay         :: IORef Int
+  -- | Keeps track of the next delay for the listener
+  , stateNextListenerDelay :: IORef Int
+  -- | Network socket for REST API
+  , stateSocketREST        :: NS.Socket
+  -- | Network socket for the admin UI
+  , stateSocketAdmin       :: Maybe NS.Socket
+  -- | Observation handler
+  , stateObserver          :: ObservationHandler
+  -- | JWT Cache
+  , stateJwtCache          :: JwtCache.JwtCacheState
+  , stateLogger            :: Logger.LoggerState
+  , stateMetrics           :: Metrics.MetricsState
+  }
+
+-- | Schema cache status
+data SchemaCacheStatus
+  = SCLoaded
+  | SCPending
+  deriving Eq
+
+type AppSockets = (NS.Socket, Maybe NS.Socket)
+
+init :: AppConfig -> IO AppState
+init conf@AppConfig{configLogLevel, configDbPoolSize} = do
+  loggerState  <- Logger.init
+  metricsState <- Metrics.init configDbPoolSize
+  let observer = liftA2 (>>) (Logger.observationLogger loggerState configLogLevel) (Metrics.observationMetrics metricsState)
+
+  observer $ AppStartObs prettyVersion
+
+  pool <- initPool conf observer
+  (sock, adminSock) <- initSockets conf
+  state' <- initWithPool (sock, adminSock) pool conf loggerState metricsState observer
+  pure state' { stateSocketREST = sock, stateSocketAdmin = adminSock}
+
+initWithPool :: AppSockets -> SQL.Pool -> AppConfig -> Logger.LoggerState -> Metrics.MetricsState -> ObservationHandler -> IO AppState
+initWithPool (sock, adminSock) pool conf loggerState metricsState observer = do
+
+  appState <- AppState pool
+    <$> newIORef minimumPgVersion -- assume we're in a supported version when starting, this will be corrected on a later step
+    <*> newIORef Nothing
+    <*> newIORef SCPending
+    <*> newIORef False
+    <*> pure (pure ())
+    <*> newIORef conf
+    <*> mkAutoUpdate defaultUpdateSettings { updateAction = getCurrentTime }
+    <*> myThreadId
+    <*> newIORef 0
+    <*> newIORef 1
+    <*> pure sock
+    <*> pure adminSock
+    <*> pure observer
+    <*> JwtCache.init conf observer
+    <*> pure loggerState
+    <*> pure metricsState
+
+  deb <-
+    let decisecond = 100000 in
+    mkDebounce defaultDebounceSettings
+       { debounceAction = retryingSchemaCacheLoad appState
+       , debounceFreq = decisecond
+       , debounceEdge = leadingEdge -- runs the worker at the start and the end
+       }
+
+  return appState { debouncedSCacheLoader = deb}
+
+destroy :: AppState -> IO ()
+destroy = destroyPool
+
+initSockets :: AppConfig -> IO AppSockets
+initSockets AppConfig{..} = do
+  let
+    cfg'usp = configServerUnixSocket
+    cfg'uspm = configServerUnixSocketMode
+    cfg'host = configServerHost
+    cfg'port = configServerPort
+    cfg'adminHost = configAdminServerHost
+    cfg'adminPort = configAdminServerPort
+
+  sock <- case cfg'usp of
+    -- I'm not using `streaming-commons`' bindPath function here because it's not defined for Windows,
+    -- but we need to have runtime error if we try to use it in Windows, not compile time error
+    Just path -> createAndBindDomainSocket path cfg'uspm
+    Nothing -> do
+      (_, sock) <-
+        if cfg'port /= 0
+          then do
+            sock <- bindPortTCP cfg'port (fromString $ T.unpack cfg'host)
+            pure (cfg'port, sock)
+          else do
+            -- explicitly bind to a random port, returning bound port number
+            (num, sock) <- bindRandomPortTCP (fromString $ T.unpack cfg'host)
+            pure (num, sock)
+      pure sock
+
+  adminSock <- case cfg'adminPort of
+    Just adminPort -> do
+      adminSock <- bindPortTCP adminPort (fromString $ T.unpack cfg'adminHost)
+      pure $ Just adminSock
+    Nothing -> pure Nothing
+
+  pure (sock, adminSock)
+
+initPool :: AppConfig -> ObservationHandler -> IO SQL.Pool
+initPool AppConfig{..} observer = do
+  SQL.acquire $ SQL.settings
+    [ SQL.size configDbPoolSize
+    , SQL.acquisitionTimeout $ fromIntegral configDbPoolAcquisitionTimeout
+    , SQL.agingTimeout $ fromIntegral configDbPoolMaxLifetime
+    , SQL.idlenessTimeout $ fromIntegral configDbPoolMaxIdletime
+    , SQL.staticConnectionSettings (toUtf8 $ addFallbackAppName prettyVersion configDbUri)
+    , SQL.observationHandler $ observer . HasqlPoolObs
+    ]
+
+-- | Run an action with a database connection.
+usePool :: AppState -> SQL.Session a -> IO (Either SQL.UsageError a)
+usePool AppState{stateObserver=observer, stateMainThreadId=mainThreadId, ..} sess = do
+  observer PoolRequest
+
+  res <- SQL.use statePool sess
+
+  observer PoolRequestFullfilled
+
+  whenLeft res (\case
+    SQL.AcquisitionTimeoutUsageError ->
+      observer $ PoolAcqTimeoutObs SQL.AcquisitionTimeoutUsageError
+    err@(SQL.ConnectionUsageError e) ->
+      let failureMessage = BS.unpack $ fromMaybe mempty e in
+      when (("FATAL:  password authentication failed" `isInfixOf` failureMessage) || ("no password supplied" `isInfixOf` failureMessage)) $ do
+        observer $ ExitDBFatalError ServerAuthError err
+        killThread mainThreadId
+    err@(SQL.SessionUsageError (SQL.QueryError tpl _ (SQL.ResultError resultErr))) -> do
+      case resultErr of
+        SQL.UnexpectedResult{} -> do
+          observer $ ExitDBFatalError ServerPgrstBug err
+          killThread mainThreadId
+        SQL.RowError{} -> do
+          observer $ ExitDBFatalError ServerPgrstBug err
+          killThread mainThreadId
+        SQL.UnexpectedAmountOfRows{} -> do
+          observer $ ExitDBFatalError ServerPgrstBug err
+          killThread mainThreadId
+        -- Check for a syntax error (42601 is the pg code) only for queries that don't have `WITH pgrst_source` as prefix.
+        -- This would mean the error is on our schema cache queries, so we treat it as fatal.
+        -- TODO have a better way to mark this as a schema cache query
+        SQL.ServerError "42601" _ _ _ _ ->
+          unless ("WITH pgrst_source" `BS.isPrefixOf` tpl) $ do
+            observer $ ExitDBFatalError ServerPgrstBug err
+            killThread mainThreadId
+        -- Check for a "prepared statement <name> already exists" error (Code 42P05: duplicate_prepared_statement).
+        -- This would mean that a connection pooler in transaction mode is being used
+        -- while prepared statements are enabled in the PostgREST configuration,
+        -- both of which are incompatible with each other.
+        SQL.ServerError "42P05" _ _ _ _ -> do
+          observer $ ExitDBFatalError ServerError42P05 err
+          killThread mainThreadId
+        -- Check for a "transaction blocks not allowed in statement pooling mode" error (Code 08P01: protocol_violation).
+        -- This would mean that a connection pooler in statement mode is being used which is not supported in PostgREST.
+        SQL.ServerError "08P01" "transaction blocks not allowed in statement pooling mode" _ _ _ -> do
+          observer $ ExitDBFatalError ServerError08P01 err
+          killThread mainThreadId
+        SQL.ServerError{} ->
+          when (Error.status (Error.PgError False err) >= HTTP.status500) $
+            observer $ QueryErrorCodeHighObs err
+    err@(SQL.SessionUsageError (SQL.QueryError _ _ (SQL.ClientError _))) ->
+      -- An error on the client-side, usually indicates problems wth connection
+        observer $ QueryErrorCodeHighObs err
+    )
+
+  return res
+
+-- | Flush the connection pool so that any future use of the pool will
+-- use connections freshly established after this call.
+flushPool :: AppState -> IO ()
+flushPool AppState{..} = SQL.release statePool
+
+-- | Destroy the pool on shutdown.
+destroyPool :: AppState -> IO ()
+destroyPool AppState{..} = SQL.release statePool
+
+getPgVersion :: AppState -> IO PgVersion
+getPgVersion = readIORef . statePgVersion
+
+putPgVersion :: AppState -> PgVersion -> IO ()
+putPgVersion = atomicWriteIORef . statePgVersion
+
+getSchemaCache :: AppState -> IO (Maybe SchemaCache)
+getSchemaCache = readIORef . stateSchemaCache
+
+putSchemaCache :: AppState -> Maybe SchemaCache -> IO ()
+putSchemaCache appState = atomicWriteIORef (stateSchemaCache appState)
+
+schemaCacheLoader :: AppState -> IO ()
+schemaCacheLoader = debouncedSCacheLoader
+
+getNextDelay :: AppState -> IO Int
+getNextDelay = readIORef . stateNextDelay
+
+getNextListenerDelay :: AppState -> IO Int
+getNextListenerDelay = readIORef . stateNextListenerDelay
+
+putNextListenerDelay :: AppState -> Int -> IO ()
+putNextListenerDelay = atomicWriteIORef . stateNextListenerDelay
+
+getConfig :: AppState -> IO AppConfig
+getConfig = readIORef . stateConf
+
+putConfig :: AppState -> AppConfig -> IO ()
+putConfig = atomicWriteIORef . stateConf
+
+getTime :: AppState -> IO UTCTime
+getTime = stateGetTime
+
+getJwtCacheState :: AppState -> JwtCacheState
+getJwtCacheState = stateJwtCache
+
+getSocketREST :: AppState -> NS.Socket
+getSocketREST = stateSocketREST
+
+getSocketAdmin :: AppState -> Maybe NS.Socket
+getSocketAdmin = stateSocketAdmin
+
+getMainThreadId :: AppState -> ThreadId
+getMainThreadId = stateMainThreadId
+
+isConnEstablished :: AppState -> IO Bool
+isConnEstablished appState = do
+  AppConfig{..} <- getConfig appState
+  if configDbChannelEnabled then -- if the listener is enabled, we can be sure the connection is up
+    readIORef $ stateIsListenerOn appState
+  else -- otherwise the only way to check the connection is to make a query
+    isRight <$> usePool appState (SQL.sql "SELECT 1")
+
+putIsListenerOn :: AppState -> Bool -> IO ()
+putIsListenerOn = atomicWriteIORef . stateIsListenerOn
+
+isLoaded :: AppState -> IO Bool
+isLoaded x = do
+  scacheStatus <- readIORef $ stateSCacheStatus x
+  connEstablished <- isConnEstablished x
+  return $ scacheStatus == SCLoaded && connEstablished
+
+isPending :: AppState -> IO Bool
+isPending x = do
+  scacheStatus <- readIORef $ stateSCacheStatus x
+  connEstablished <- isConnEstablished x
+  return $ scacheStatus == SCPending || not connEstablished
+
+putSCacheStatus :: AppState -> SchemaCacheStatus -> IO ()
+putSCacheStatus = atomicWriteIORef . stateSCacheStatus
+
+getObserver :: AppState -> ObservationHandler
+getObserver = stateObserver
+
+-- | Try to load the schema cache and retry if it fails.
+--
+-- This is done by repeatedly: 1) flushing the pool, 2) querying the version and validating that the postgres version is supported by us, and 3) loading the schema cache.
+-- It's necessary to flush the pool:
+--
+-- + Because connections cache the pg catalog(see #2620)
+-- + For rapid recovery. Otherwise, the pool idle or lifetime timeout would have to be reached for new healthy connections to be acquired.
+retryingSchemaCacheLoad :: AppState -> IO ()
+retryingSchemaCacheLoad appState@AppState{stateObserver=observer, stateMainThreadId=mainThreadId} =
+  void $ retrying retryPolicy shouldRetry (\RetryStatus{rsIterNumber, rsPreviousDelay} -> do
+    when (rsIterNumber > 0) $ do
+      let delay = fromMaybe 0 rsPreviousDelay `div` oneSecondInUs
+      observer $ ConnectionRetryObs delay
+      putNextListenerDelay appState delay
+
+    flushPool appState
+
+    (,) <$> qPgVersion <*> (qInDbConfig *> qSchemaCache)
+  )
+  where
+    qPgVersion :: IO (Maybe PgVersion)
+    qPgVersion = do
+      AppConfig{..} <- getConfig appState
+      pgVersion <- usePool appState (queryPgVersion False) -- No need to prepare the query here, as the connection might not be established
+      case pgVersion of
+        Left e -> do
+          observer $ QueryPgVersionError e
+          unless configDbPoolAutomaticRecovery $ do
+            observer ExitDBNoRecoveryObs
+            killThread mainThreadId
+          return Nothing
+        Right actualPgVersion ->
+          if actualPgVersion < minimumPgVersion then do
+            observer $ ExitUnsupportedPgVersion actualPgVersion minimumPgVersion
+            killThread mainThreadId
+            return Nothing
+          else do
+            observer $ DBConnectedObs $ pgvFullName actualPgVersion
+            observer $ PoolInit configDbPoolSize
+            putPgVersion appState actualPgVersion
+            return $ Just actualPgVersion
+
+    qInDbConfig :: IO ()
+    qInDbConfig = do
+      AppConfig{..} <- getConfig appState
+      when configDbConfig $ readInDbConfig False appState
+
+    qSchemaCache :: IO (Maybe SchemaCache)
+    qSchemaCache = do
+      conf@AppConfig{..} <- getConfig appState
+      (resultTime, result) <-
+        let transaction = if configDbPreparedStatements then SQL.transaction else SQL.unpreparedTransaction in
+        timeItT $ usePool appState (transaction SQL.ReadCommitted SQL.Read $ querySchemaCache conf)
+      case result of
+        Left e -> do
+          putSCacheStatus appState SCPending
+          putSchemaCache appState Nothing
+          observer $ SchemaCacheErrorObs configDbSchemas configDbExtraSearchPath e
+          return Nothing
+
+        Right sCache -> do
+          -- IMPORTANT: While the pending schema cache state starts from running the above querySchemaCache, only at this stage we block API requests due to the usage of an
+          -- IORef on putSchemaCache. This is why SCacheStatus is put at SCPending here to signal the Admin server (using isPending) that we're on a recovery state.
+          putSCacheStatus appState SCPending
+          putSchemaCache appState $ Just sCache
+          observer $ SchemaCacheQueriedObs resultTime
+          (t, _) <- timeItT $ observer $ SchemaCacheSummaryObs $ showSummary sCache
+          observer $ SchemaCacheLoadedObs t
+          putSCacheStatus appState SCLoaded
+          return $ Just sCache
+
+    shouldRetry :: RetryStatus -> (Maybe PgVersion, Maybe SchemaCache) -> IO Bool
+    shouldRetry _ (pgVer, sCache) = do
+      AppConfig{..} <- getConfig appState
+      let itShould = configDbPoolAutomaticRecovery && (isNothing pgVer || isNothing sCache)
+      return itShould
+
+    retryPolicy :: RetryPolicy
+    retryPolicy =
+      let delayMicroseconds = 32*oneSecondInUs {-32 seconds-} in
+      capDelay delayMicroseconds $ exponentialBackoff oneSecondInUs
+
+    oneSecondInUs = 1000000 -- one second in microseconds
+
+-- | Reads the in-db config and reads the config file again
+-- | We don't retry reading the in-db config after it fails immediately, because it could have user errors. We just report the error and continue.
+readInDbConfig :: Bool -> AppState -> IO ()
+readInDbConfig startingUp appState@AppState{stateObserver=observer} = do
+  conf <- getConfig appState
+  pgVer <- getPgVersion appState
+  dbSettings <-
+    if configDbConfig conf then do
+      qDbSettings <- usePool appState (queryDbSettings (quoteQi <$> configDbPreConfig conf) (configDbPreparedStatements conf))
+      case qDbSettings of
+        Left e -> do
+          observer $ ConfigReadErrorObs e
+          pure mempty
+        Right x -> pure x
+    else
+      pure mempty
+  (roleSettings, roleIsolationLvl) <-
+    if configDbConfig conf then do
+      rSettings <- usePool appState (queryRoleSettings pgVer (configDbPreparedStatements conf))
+      case rSettings of
+        Left e -> do
+          observer $ QueryRoleSettingsErrorObs e
+          pure (mempty, mempty)
+        Right x -> pure x
+    else
+      pure mempty
+  readAppConfig dbSettings (configFilePath conf) (Just $ configDbUri conf) roleSettings roleIsolationLvl >>= \case
+    Left err   ->
+      if startingUp then
+        panic err -- die on invalid config if the program is starting up
+      else
+        observer $ ConfigInvalidObs err
+    Right newConf -> do
+      putConfig appState newConf
+      -- After the config has reloaded, jwt-secret might have changed, so
+      -- if it has changed, it is important to invalidate the jwt cache
+      -- entries, because they were cached using the old secret
+      update (getJwtCacheState appState) newConf
+
+      if startingUp then
+        pass
+      else
+        observer ConfigSucceededObs
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+{-# LANGUAGE RecordWildCards #-}
+{-|
+Module      : PostgREST.Auth
+Description : PostgREST authentication functions.
+
+This module provides functions to deal with the JWT authentication (http://jwt.io).
+It also can be used to define other authentication functions,
+in the future Oauth, LDAP and similar integrations can be coded here.
+
+Authentication should always be implemented in an external service.
+In the test suite there is an example of simple login function that can be used for a
+very simple authentication system inside the PostgreSQL database.
+-}
+module PostgREST.Auth
+  ( getResult
+  , getJwtDur
+  , getRole
+  , middleware
+  ) where
+
+import qualified Data.ByteString                 as BS
+import qualified Data.Vault.Lazy                 as Vault
+import qualified Network.HTTP.Types.Header       as HTTP
+import qualified Network.Wai                     as Wai
+import qualified Network.Wai.Middleware.HttpAuth as Wai
+
+import Data.List        (lookup)
+import PostgREST.TimeIt (timeItT)
+import System.IO.Unsafe (unsafePerformIO)
+
+import PostgREST.AppState      (AppState, getConfig, getJwtCacheState,
+                                getTime)
+import PostgREST.Auth.Jwt      (parseClaims)
+import PostgREST.Auth.JwtCache (lookupJwtCache)
+import PostgREST.Auth.Types    (AuthResult (..))
+import PostgREST.Config        (AppConfig (..))
+import PostgREST.Error         (Error (..))
+
+import Protolude
+
+-- | Validate authorization header
+--   Parse and store JWT claims for future use in the request.
+middleware :: AppState -> Wai.Middleware
+middleware appState app req respond = do
+  conf@AppConfig{..} <- getConfig appState
+  time <- getTime appState
+
+  let token  = Wai.extractBearerAuth =<< lookup HTTP.hAuthorization (Wai.requestHeaders req)
+      parseJwt = runExceptT $ lookupJwtCache jwtCacheState token >>= parseClaims conf time
+      jwtCacheState = getJwtCacheState appState
+
+  -- If ServerTimingEnabled -> calculate JWT validation time
+  req' <- if configServerTimingEnabled then do
+      (dur, authResult) <- timeItT parseJwt
+      pure $ req { Wai.vault = Wai.vault req & Vault.insert authResultKey authResult & Vault.insert jwtDurKey dur }
+    else do
+      authResult <- parseJwt
+      pure $ req { Wai.vault = Wai.vault req & Vault.insert authResultKey authResult }
+
+  app req' respond
+
+authResultKey :: Vault.Key (Either Error AuthResult)
+authResultKey = unsafePerformIO Vault.newKey
+{-# NOINLINE authResultKey #-}
+
+getResult :: Wai.Request -> Maybe (Either Error AuthResult)
+getResult = Vault.lookup authResultKey . Wai.vault
+
+jwtDurKey :: Vault.Key Double
+jwtDurKey = unsafePerformIO Vault.newKey
+{-# NOINLINE jwtDurKey #-}
+
+getJwtDur :: Wai.Request -> Maybe Double
+getJwtDur =  Vault.lookup jwtDurKey . Wai.vault
+
+getRole :: Wai.Request -> Maybe BS.ByteString
+getRole req = authRole <$> (rightToMaybe =<< getResult req)
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ Description : PostgREST JWT support functions.

 This module provides functions to deal with JWT parsing and validation (http://jwt.io).
 -}
+{-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric         #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts      #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE ImpredicativeTypes    #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase            #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE NamedFieldPuns        #-}
@@ -14,10 +16,14 @@ module PostgREST.Auth.Jwt
  , parseClaims) where

 import qualified Data.Aeson                 as JSON
+import qualified Data.Aeson.Key             as K
+import qualified Data.Aeson.KeyMap          as KM
 import qualified Data.ByteString            as BS
 import qualified Data.ByteString.Internal   as BS
 import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy.Char8 as LBS
 import qualified Data.Scientific            as Sci
+import qualified Data.Text                  as T
+import qualified Data.Vector                as V
 import qualified Jose.Jwk                   as JWT
 import qualified Jose.Jwt                   as JWT

@@ -27,11 +33,12 @@ import Data.Text               ()
 import Data.Time.Clock         (UTCTime, nominalDiffTimeToSeconds)
 import Data.Time.Clock.POSIX   (utcTimeToPOSIXSeconds)

-import PostgREST.Auth.Types    (AuthResult (..))
-import PostgREST.Config        (AppConfig (..), audMatchesCfg)
-import PostgREST.Config.JSPath (evaluateJSPath)
-import PostgREST.Error         (Error (..), JwtClaimsError (..),
-                                JwtDecodeError (..), JwtError (..))
+import PostgREST.Auth.Types (AuthResult (..))
+import PostgREST.Config     (AppConfig (..), FilterExp (..), JSPath,
+                             JSPathExp (..), audMatchesCfg)
+import PostgREST.Error      (Error (..),
+                             JwtClaimsError (AudClaimNotStringOrArray, ExpClaimNotNumber, IatClaimNotNumber, JWTExpired, JWTIssuedAtFuture, JWTNotInAudience, JWTNotYetValid, NbfClaimNotNumber, ParsingClaimsFailed),
+                             JwtDecodeError (..), JwtError (..))

 import Data.Aeson       ((.:?))
 import Data.Aeson.Types (parseMaybe)
@@ -88,10 +95,13 @@ checkForErrors time audMatches = mconcat
 parseToken :: (MonadError Error m, MonadIO m) => JwkSet -> ByteString -> m JWT.JwtContent
 parseToken _ "" = throwError $ JwtErr $ JwtDecodeErr EmptyAuthHeader
 parseToken secret tkn = do
+  -- secret <- liftEither . maybeToRight (JwtErr JwtSecretMissing) $ configJWKS
  tknWith3Parts <- hasThreeParts tkn
  eitherContent <- liftIO $ JWT.decode (JWT.keys secret) Nothing tknWith3Parts
  liftEither . mapLeft (JwtErr . jwtDecodeError) $ eitherContent
+  --liftEither $ mapLeft JwtErr $ verifyClaims content
  where
+      --hasThreeParts :: ByteString -> Either Error ByteString
      hasThreeParts token = case length $ BS.split (BS.c2w '.') token of
        3 -> pure token
        n -> throwError $ JwtErr $ JwtDecodeErr $ UnexpectedParts n
@@ -112,12 +122,30 @@ parseClaims cfg@AppConfig{configJwtRoleClaimKey, configDbAnonRole} time mclaims
  validateClaims time (audMatchesCfg cfg) mclaims
  -- role defaults to anon if not specified in jwt
  role <- liftEither . maybeToRight (JwtErr JwtTokenRequired) $
-    unquoted <$> evaluateJSPath (Just $ JSON.Object mclaims) configJwtRoleClaimKey <|> configDbAnonRole
+    unquoted <$> walkJSPath (Just $ JSON.Object mclaims) configJwtRoleClaimKey <|> configDbAnonRole
  pure AuthResult
-           { authClaims = mclaims
+           { authClaims = mclaims & KM.insert "role" (JSON.toJSON $ decodeUtf8 role)
           , authRole = role
           }
  where
+    walkJSPath :: Maybe JSON.Value -> JSPath -> Maybe JSON.Value
+    walkJSPath x                      []                = x
+    walkJSPath (Just (JSON.Object o)) (JSPKey key:rest) = walkJSPath (KM.lookup (K.fromText key) o) rest
+    walkJSPath (Just (JSON.Array ar)) (JSPIdx idx:rest) = walkJSPath (ar V.!? idx) rest
+    walkJSPath (Just (JSON.Array ar)) [JSPFilter (EqualsCond txt)] = findFirstMatch (==) txt ar
+    walkJSPath (Just (JSON.Array ar)) [JSPFilter (NotEqualsCond txt)] = findFirstMatch (/=) txt ar
+    walkJSPath (Just (JSON.Array ar)) [JSPFilter (StartsWithCond txt)] = findFirstMatch T.isPrefixOf txt ar
+    walkJSPath (Just (JSON.Array ar)) [JSPFilter (EndsWithCond txt)] = findFirstMatch T.isSuffixOf txt ar
+    walkJSPath (Just (JSON.Array ar)) [JSPFilter (ContainsCond txt)] = findFirstMatch T.isInfixOf txt ar
+    walkJSPath _                      _                 = Nothing
+
+    findFirstMatch matchWith pattern = foldr checkMatch Nothing
+      where
+        checkMatch (JSON.String txt) acc
+            | pattern `matchWith` txt = Just $ JSON.String txt
+            | otherwise = acc
+        checkMatch _ acc = acc
+
    unquoted :: JSON.Value -> BS.ByteString
    unquoted (JSON.String t) = encodeUtf8 t
    unquoted v               = LBS.toStrict $ JSON.encode v
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
steve-chavez	806579e659	bump version to 14.7	2026-03-20 14:22:31 -05:00
steve-chavez	1856434a74	fix: not logging termination unix signals Under container environments like ECS, it's hard to know when PostgREST is being terminated.	2026-03-20 13:38:40 -05:00
Taimoor ZaeemandSteve Chavez	dade15acc4	nix(test): add test suite for observability tests - Create separate test suite for observability tests - Create wrapper script `postgrest-test-observability` - Add to CI and `postgrest-check` - Move JWT cache tests under observability tests Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com>	2026-03-20 09:13:47 -05:00
Michał KłeczekandSteve Chavez	79531a612d	test(spec): Move metrics state helpers from JwtCacheSpec to SpecHelpers Refactoring: State validation helpers used in JwtCacheSpec moved to SpecHelper to make them available in other Spec modules. (cherry picked from commit `85a313a8cc`)	2026-03-19 14:30:18 -05:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	9d0e13d961	chore(deps): update ubuntu:noble docker digest to 186072b	2026-03-19 09:15:59 +00:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	3e61dc024e	chore(deps): update cachix/cachix-action action to v17	2026-03-18 21:24:50 +00:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	1bdf773417	chore(deps): update all dependencies	2026-03-18 20:01:41 +00:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	55868351f3	chore(deps): update actions/cache action to v5.0.4	2026-03-18 19:09:06 +00:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	8c3cb76fbd	chore(deps): update ubuntu:noble docker digest to 0d39fcc	2026-03-17 10:22:17 +00:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	3bdb69bae7	chore(deps): update actions/create-github-app-token action to v3	2026-03-14 18:06:45 +00:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	1ed3c2c197	chore(deps): update all dependencies	2026-03-13 17:23:12 +00:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	dde145b685	chore(deps): update all dependencies	2026-03-13 17:19:11 +00:00
Wolfgang Walther	720705e32b	docs: fix prometheus text format link Reported by linkcheck.	2026-03-11 09:45:21 +01:00
steve-chavez	6813ceaf31	bump version to 14.6	2026-03-06 16:30:04 -05:00
Taimoor Zaeemandsteve-chavez	73c8ae0bbc	fix(error): leaking table and function names when calculating hint Increase similarity score to 0.75 from 0.33 for table and functions error hint. Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com>	2026-03-06 16:16:05 -05:00
Laurence Isla	6f356e32b6	chore: update sponsors * The list of sponsors is now ordered by total contribution value (highest first) * Removed former backers from sponsor pages	2026-03-03 23:11:22 -05:00
Laurence Isla	c4772184e4	chore: update sponsor	2026-03-03 23:11:22 -05:00
dshukertjrandWolfgang Walther	0602080acb	docs: Update the Supabase logo to a correct one	2026-02-19 10:54:29 +01:00
steve-chavez	dc67e4d3f5	chore: fix changelog entries	2026-02-13 13:40:38 -05:00
steve-chavez	d89826b982	bump version to 14.5	2026-02-12 20:12:52 -05:00
steve-chavez	94350fdde6	fix: don't hide async exceptions in logs Fixes #4646. Using the repro on #4646, this now produces the log: ``` 11/Feb/2026:09:40:08 -0500: Warp server error: stack overflow ``` When: ``` $ curl localhost:3000/ curl: (52) Empty reply from server ``` (cherry picked from commit `e95e815483`)	2026-02-12 20:11:44 -05:00
Taimoor ZaeemandWolfgang Walther	230eb3630c	docs(install): update postgresql minimum supported version PostgREST dropped support for PostgreSQL version 12 however, it was not reflected in the docs. Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com>	2026-02-12 10:23:29 +01:00
steve-chavez	5485b8ca9a	bump version to 14.4	2026-01-29 14:13:49 -05:00
steve-chavez	895e9c536c	chore: remove wrong entry in CHANGELOG	2026-01-29 13:24:20 -05:00
Michal Kleczekandsteve-chavez	16c767134c	fix: listener running with exception masked after first failure	2026-01-29 13:22:46 -05:00
Laurence IslaandSteve Chavez	0a8b836435	fix: filtering the returned representation whenn using or/and filters on mutations (cherry picked from commit `1682677297`)	2026-01-29 09:16:08 -05:00
Michal KleczekandSteve Chavez	5796f86100	fix: ensure Listener connections are released retryingListen function potentially leaks database connections. This patch ensures the connections are released in case of listen/notify errors. (cherry picked from commit `00c7cb1a22`)	2026-01-28 18:26:15 -05:00
Wolfgang Walther	101eac1cce	docs: fix links datrium.com doesn't exist anymore, while euronodes.com seems to only fail SSL in CI.	2026-01-28 09:57:23 +01:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	1ae14afdf2	chore(deps): update haskell-actions/setup action to v2.10.2	2026-01-11 17:36:28 +00:00
Wolfgang Walther	69090bd224	ci: pin backport action to version instead of default branch	2026-01-11 18:34:43 +01:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	5d5160fbd7	chore(deps): update haskell-actions/setup action to v2.10.1	2026-01-05 19:01:32 +00:00
steve-chavez	545f45d9de	bump version to 14.3	2026-01-03 16:45:56 +08:00
Taimoor Zaeemandsteve-chavez	eb55e73645	chore: move changelog entry to unreleased section Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com>	2026-01-03 16:44:10 +08:00
Michał KłeczekandSteve Chavez	e252a4900c	fix: Performance and high memory usage of relation hint calculation * Calculation of hint message when requested relation is not present in schema cache requires creation of a FuzzySet (to use fuzzy search to find candidate tables). For schemas with many tables it is costly. This patch introduces dbTablesFuzzyIndex in SchemaCache to memoize the FuzzySet creation. * Additionally, because of FuzzySet large memory requirements, this patch introduces a limit of 500 relations per schema, above which FuzzySet is not created and hint calculation disabled. (cherry picked from commit `e592d568c6`)	2026-01-03 15:18:37 +08:00
Taimoor ZaeemandSteve Chavez	01bdb05c89	nix: add config file for hlint Adds a config file for hlint containing arguments and custom warnings. Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com>	2025-12-23 11:51:05 -05:00
Taimoor Zaeem Steve Chavez Joel Jacobson	122ed4d02e	refactor: fix definition of Ord instance for Routine type (#4577 ) The `Ord` instance definition for type `Routine` had a logical error when comparing two routines. The error did not affect any end users. However, for correctness and completeness reasons, this commit fixes the error. Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Joel Jacobson <joel@compiler.org>	2025-12-23 11:51:05 -05:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	7ff6755af7	chore(deps): update docker/setup-buildx-action action to v3.12.0	2025-12-20 20:24:23 +00:00
steve-chavez	29d6d35020	bump version to 14.2	2025-12-18 21:30:38 -05:00
steve-chavez	4d35eb02e7	fix: inaccurate Server-Timing durations The transaction duration was notably off, doing: ``` curl localhost:3000/rpc/sleep?seconds=5 -i ``` Shows `46.1` for the `transaction;dur`, with this fix we obtain `5007.3`. Fixes https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/issues/4522 This also fixes inaccurate "schema cache queried" logs, see https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/issues/4551. (cherry picked from commit `013f078bc4`)	2025-12-18 18:18:09 -05:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	e126956c1b	chore(deps): update haskell-actions/setup action to v2.9.1	2025-12-17 18:01:25 +00:00
Joel JakobssonandSteve Chavez	ce7871c047	fix: hasSingleUnnamedParam incorrectly matching named parameters The hasSingleUnnamedParam function was only checking the parameter type but not whether the parameter actually had no name. This caused functions with a single NAMED parameter (e.g., `foo(data json)`) to incorrectly match the single-param fallback mode. The result was a confusing PostgreSQL error 42883 "function does not exist" instead of a clean PGRST202 error explaining that no matching function was found. Added ppName == mempty check so functions with named parameters don't incorrectly match the single-param fallback. (cherry picked from commit `fd6a3bdccf`)	2025-12-16 17:24:20 -05:00
Taimoor ZaeemandSteve Chavez	a59e6d97c5	refactor: create function to handle response preferences Centralizes handling of preferences that are used to create `Preference-Applied` header which is returned on responses. Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com> (cherry picked from commit `29c2aa015f`)	2025-12-16 11:20:33 -05:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	40fec696a6	chore(deps): update korthout/backport-action action to v4.0.1	2025-12-15 20:17:46 +00:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	9eb36f1244	chore(deps): update all dependencies	2025-12-13 11:31:10 +00:00
Laurence IslaandSteve Chavez	720eb8e528	chore(changelog): move incorrectly placed fixes	2025-12-12 14:47:26 -05:00
Laurence IslaandSteve Chavez	aec95f7944	refactor: use only Lazy.ByteString to calculate the response body length	2025-12-12 14:47:26 -05:00
Laurence IslaandSteve Chavez	1c33d2dd38	fix: add missing Content-Length to empty HTTP 201 responses For when a preference other than return=representation is requested.	2025-12-12 14:47:26 -05:00
Laurence IslaandSteve Chavez	7be638f0f2	fix: regression that truncates error message when offset is out of bounds - Happens when offset > the number of rows and when "Prefer: count=exact" header is sent - Regression introduced in commit `57ef998`	2025-12-12 14:47:26 -05:00
Taimoor ZaeemandSteve Chavez	d4b8109522	fix: misleading logs on unsupported postgresql versions Postgrest fails on unsupported pg versions. However before killing the thread, it continues to print a few more log messages which were misleading. This commit fixes this by making sure that the no log message should be printed after the unsupported pg version observation and kill the thread immediately. Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com> (cherry picked from commit `0fa2f569a7`)	2025-12-10 20:24:14 -05:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	f2b96b1d41	chore(deps): update codecov/codecov-action action to v5.5.2	2025-12-10 12:24:00 +00:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	cc43d356c1	chore(deps): update actions/create-github-app-token action to v2.2.1	2025-12-06 11:00:16 +00:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	8bcbbd1bfd	chore(deps): update all dependencies	2025-12-03 13:52:35 +00:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	ec4d2e2af3	chore(deps): update actions/checkout action to v6	2025-12-03 13:52:23 +00:00
Taimoor ZaeemandSteve Chavez	e8cb0e33eb	test(io): fix freeport function to prevent failures Sometimes, a healthcheck related test fails as occurred in https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/actions/runs/19771357953/job/56655949002. This happens due to freeport function accidently picking up a used port. Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com> (cherry picked from commit `50eec773bf`)	2025-11-30 13:38:55 -05:00
Taimoor ZaeemandSteve Chavez	05074f41c2	test(io): move fixtures to `fixtures/` directory Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com> (cherry picked from commit `35de13eebd`)	2025-11-28 13:23:20 -05:00
Taimoor ZaeemandSteve Chavez	c9c617cce1	test(io): rename fixtures.sql to load.sql Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com> (cherry picked from commit `3baa6b0063`)	2025-11-28 13:23:20 -05:00
Taimoor ZaeemandWolfgang Walther	e429974f31	nix(shell): remove `postgrest/` directory prefix when running pg (#4502 ) When running postgres from nix-shell, nix creates a directory structure like `postgrest/postgrest-with-pg-17-XXX` in the `/tmp` directory. This commit removes the extra `postgrest/` prefix to shorten length of absolute path length of filenames. Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com> (cherry picked from commit `802cce9a28`)	2025-11-26 08:33:23 +00:00
Taimoor ZaeemandSteve Chavez	88538c1357	test(io): move authentication related tests to test_auth.py The `test_io.py` module is too bloated (2100+ lines). To logically group related tests, as a first step, this commit separates authentication related IO tests into `test_auth.py` module. Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com> (cherry picked from commit `c561a3749c`)	2025-11-22 12:45:09 -05:00
Taimoor ZaeemandSteve Chavez	1cbe6b7c5f	test(io): remove stale jwt cache test Removes a test related to jwt cache which is stale since #4084. Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com> (cherry picked from commit `379eaec8e0`)	2025-11-19 16:48:25 -05:00
Taimoor ZaeemandWolfgang Walther	f97200948f	nix: shorten `postgrest-with-postgresql-xx` scripts Renames these scripts to `postgrest-with-pg-xx`. The renaming helps reduce the length of temporary filenames. This is needed to ensure that socket file names remain under the maximum allowed length of 107 chars. Closes #4461. Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com> (cherry picked from commit `462798dc2d`)	2025-11-18 18:27:17 +00:00
Taimoor ZaeemandWolfgang Walther	0bacce6909	docs: update server-host config in docker-compose example The docker-compose example did not work with multiple containers when PGRST_SERVER_HOST is set to `localhost`. This updates the value to `0.0.0.0` allowing other containers to connect. Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com> (cherry picked from commit `08c6deba12`)	2025-11-18 18:13:26 +00:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	4c3ac2f087	chore(deps): update actions/checkout action to v5.0.1	2025-11-18 10:06:11 +00:00
Wolfgang Walther	1c6f215bd7	ci/test: remove macos x86 flake check See previous commit.	2025-11-18 11:05:43 +01:00
Wolfgang Walther	94fb0a489a	ci: remove macos x86 builds The x86 GitHub runner will not be available anymore, soon. We might be able to re-introduce this, once we can build a static executable via Nix on darwin, too.	2025-11-18 11:01:41 +01:00
Taimoor ZaeemandSteve Chavez	e4e1b626a6	test(io): move resource embedding tests to test_io.py - Adds fixtures to `test/io/fixtures.sql` to test resource embedding related queries. - Moves the resource embedding related tests that no longer require big schema from `test_big_schema.py` to `test_io.py`. Closes #4417. Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com> (cherry picked from commit `91abcd49e1`)	2025-11-17 13:24:49 -05:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	810341f635	chore(deps): update ubuntu:noble docker digest to c35e29c	2025-11-15 13:52:10 +00:00
Taimoor ZaeemandWolfgang Walther	4a6f0b4a18	chore(cabal): remove unused haskell dependencies This should reduce setup time for build process. - cache: introduced in #2928, defunct since #4084 - clock: introduced in #2928, defunct since #4084 - heredoc: introduced in #714, defunct since #4390 - iproute: introduced in #3560, defunct since #4288 Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com> (cherry picked from commit `99217433b1`)	2025-11-10 14:24:48 +00:00
steve-chavez	b3b4e5ff35	bump version to 14.1	2025-11-05 09:09:22 -05:00
Taimoor ZaeemandWolfgang Walther	84f437b6c9	chore(changelog): update versioning scheme description The changelog description mentioned that we follow semantic versioning but from now on we don't. Hence updated the description to reflect new versioning policy. Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com> (cherry picked from commit `eb908c696f`)	2025-11-04 07:25:35 +00:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	a3c8065e58	chore(deps): update actions/checkout digest to 71cf226	2025-11-03 20:47:35 +00:00
Taimoor ZaeemandWolfgang Walther	c797c09e22	fix: server-host !6 incorrectly binds to IPv4 address Updates streaming-commons to version 0.2.3.1. This resolves #3202. Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com> (cherry picked from commit `58efc2680e`)	2025-11-03 11:40:09 +00:00
Taimoor ZaeemandWolfgang Walther	fc6fbe9748	chore(changelog): fix typo in changelog entry Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com> (cherry picked from commit `8180905890`)	2025-11-01 09:18:20 +00:00
Taimoor ZaeemandSteve Chavez	4aa712b9d8	fix: db-pre-config function failing with pg reserved words When db-pre-config is accidentally set to a pg reserved word like "true", it fails with a confusing error. The function names should be properly quoted to avoid such errors. This commit resolves this by quoting the pre-config function name. Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com> (cherry picked from commit `a688878236`)	2025-10-30 14:32:37 -05:00
Taimoor ZaeemandSteve Chavez	939061baff	refactor: move escapeIdent function to Identifiers.hs Moves the functions `escapeIdent` and `trimNullChars` to SchemaCache/Identifiers.hs module. Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com> (cherry picked from commit `66f84c5903`)	2025-10-30 12:24:49 -05:00
Taimoor ZaeemandSteve Chavez	6150d53592	refactor: sort exports of Identifiers.hs and SqlFragments.hs Signed-off-by: Taimoor Zaeem <taimoorzaeem@gmail.com> (cherry picked from commit `5d9b169380`)	2025-10-30 12:24:49 -05:00
Wolfgang Walther	d245e07df5	ci: fix tag job with new release workflow A single component version is the development version, everything with more components is not. Thus, we only need to check for a single dot.	2025-10-25 10:21:51 +02:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	e913efb8cb	chore(deps): update all dependencies	2025-10-25 08:12:30 +00:00