bump version to 12.2.10

fix: purge JWT cache asynchronously in a separate thread
Otherwise performance was reduced unnecessarily.
2025-04-18 21:28:00 -05:00 · 2025-04-18 21:27:36 -05:00 · 2025-04-16 20:39:19 +02:00 · 2025-04-16 18:26:42 +00:00 · 2025-04-14 18:00:21 +02:00 · 2025-04-12 15:37:37 +00:00
90 changed files with 1256 additions and 1168 deletions
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 freebsd_instance:
-  image_family: freebsd-14-0
+  image_family: freebsd-14-2

 build_task:
  # Don't change this name without adjusting .github/workflows/build.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# TODO: Remove this once a new actionlint release has been cut
+# and made its way to us through nixpkgs.
+self-hosted-runner:
+  labels:
+    - ubuntu-24.04-arm
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ runs:
        echo "artifacts=${artifacts}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
    - name: Save artifact to GitHub Actions
      if: steps.find-task.outputs.task_found
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@65462800fd760344b1a7b4382951275a0abb4808 # v4.3.3
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
      with:
        name: ${{ inputs.upload }}
        path: ${{ steps.download.outputs.artifacts }}
@@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ inputs:
 runs:
  using: composite
  steps:
-    - uses: actions/cache@0c45773b623bea8c8e75f6c82b208c3cf94ea4f9 # v4.0.2
+    - uses: actions/cache@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
      if: ${{ startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/heads/') || (inputs.save-prs && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/pull/')) }}
      with:
        path: ${{ inputs.path }}
        key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ inputs.prefix }}-${{ inputs.suffix }}
        restore-keys: |
          ${{ runner.os }}-${{ inputs.prefix }}-
-    - uses: actions/cache/restore@0c45773b623bea8c8e75f6c82b208c3cf94ea4f9 # v4.0.2
+    - uses: actions/cache/restore@5a3ec84eff668545956fd18022155c47e93e2684 # v4.2.3
      if: ${{ !startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/heads/') && !(inputs.save-prs && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/pull/'))  }}
      with:
        path: ${{ inputs.path }}
@@ -11,15 +11,16 @@ inputs:
 runs:
  using: composite
  steps:
-    - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@60e9c39264d4714139af3cdf15f691b19eec3530 # v28
+    - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@5bb6a3b3abe66fd09bbf250dce8ada94f856a703 # v30
      with:
        nix_conf: |-
          always-allow-substitutes = true
          max-jobs = auto
-    - uses: cachix/cachix-action@ad2ddac53f961de1989924296a1f236fcfbaa4fc # v15
+    - uses: cachix/cachix-action@0fc020193b5a1fa3ac4575aa3a7d3aa6a35435ad # v16
      with:
        name: postgrest
        authToken: ${{ inputs.authToken }}
+        skipPush: ${{ inputs.authToken == '' }}
    - if: ${{ inputs.tools }}
      run: nix-env -f default.nix -iA ${{ inputs.tools }}
      shell: bash
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-set -Eeuo pipefail
-
-# This script builds PostgREST in a remote ARM server
-
-[ -z "$1" ] && { echo "Missing 1st argument: PostgREST github commit SHA"; exit 1; }
-[ -z "$2" ] && { echo "Missing 2nd argument: Build environment directory name"; exit 1; }
-[ -z "$3" ] && { echo "Missing 3rd argument: GHC version"; exit 1; }
-
-PGRST_GITHUB_COMMIT="$1"
-SCRIPT_DIR="$2"
-
-DOCKER_BUILD_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/docker-env"
-# latest is a shortcut documented on https://www.haskell.org/ghcup/guide/#tags-and-shortcuts
-CABAL_VERSION="latest"
-GHC_VERSION="$3"
-
-install_packages() {
-  sudo apt-get update -y
-  sudo apt-get upgrade -y
-  sudo apt-get install -y git build-essential curl libffi-dev libffi7 libgmp-dev libgmp10 libncurses-dev libncurses5 libtinfo5 llvm libnuma-dev zlib1g-dev libpq-dev jq gcc
-  sudo apt-get clean
-}
-
-install_ghcup() {
-  export BOOTSTRAP_HASKELL_NONINTERACTIVE=1
-  export BOOTSTRAP_HASKELL_MINIMAL=1
-  curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://get-ghcup.haskell.org | sh
-  source ~/.ghcup/env
-}
-
-install_cabal() {
-  ghcup upgrade
-  ghcup install cabal $CABAL_VERSION
-  ghcup set cabal $CABAL_VERSION
-}
-
-install_ghc() {
-  ghcup upgrade
-  ghcup install ghc $GHC_VERSION
-  ghcup set ghc $GHC_VERSION
-}
-
-install_packages
-
-# Add ghcup to the PATH for this session
-[ -f ~/.ghcup/env ] && source ~/.ghcup/env
-
-ghcup --version || install_ghcup
-ghcup set cabal $CABAL_VERSION || install_cabal
-ghcup set ghc $GHC_VERSION || install_ghc
-
-cd ~/$SCRIPT_DIR
-
-# Clone the repository and build the project
-git clone https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest.git
-cd postgrest
-git checkout $PGRST_GITHUB_COMMIT
-cabal v2-update && cabal v2-build
-
-# Strip unused symbols from executable
-PGRST_BIN=$(cabal exec which postgrest | tail -1)
-strip $PGRST_BIN
-
-# Copy the built binary to the Dockerfile directory
-cp $PGRST_BIN ~/$DOCKER_BUILD_DIR
-
-# Move and compress the built binary
-mkdir -p ~/$SCRIPT_DIR/result
-mv $PGRST_BIN ~/$SCRIPT_DIR/result
-cd ~/$SCRIPT_DIR
-tar -cJf result.tar.xz result
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-set -Eeuo pipefail
-
-# This script publishes the Docker ARM images to Docker Hub.
-
-[ -z "$1" ] && { echo "Missing 1st argument: PostgREST github commit SHA"; exit 1; }
-[ -z "$2" ] && { echo "Missing 2nd argument: Docker repo"; exit 1; }
-[ -z "$3" ] && { echo "Missing 3rd argument: Docker username"; exit 1; }
-[ -z "$4" ] && { echo "Missing 4th argument: Docker password"; exit 1; }
-[ -z "$5" ] && { echo "Missing 5th argument: Build environment directory name"; exit 1; }
-[ -z "$6" ] && { echo "Missing 6th argument: PostgREST version"; exit 1; }
-
-PGRST_GITHUB_COMMIT="$1"
-DOCKER_REPO="$2"
-DOCKER_USER="$3"
-DOCKER_PASS="$4"
-SCRIPT_DIR="$5"
-PGRST_VERSION="$6"
-
-DOCKER_BUILD_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/docker-env"
-
-clean_env()
-{
-    sudo docker logout
-}
-
-# Login to Docker
-sudo docker logout
-{ echo $DOCKER_PASS | sudo docker login -u $DOCKER_USER --password-stdin; } || { echo "Couldn't login to docker"; exit 1; }
-
-trap clean_env sigint sigterm exit
-
-# Move to the docker build environment
-cd ~/$DOCKER_BUILD_DIR
-
-# Push final images to Docker hub
-# NOTE: This command publishes a separate ARM image because the builds cannot
-#       be added to the manifest if they are not in the registry beforehand.
-#       This image must be manually deleted from Docker Hub at the end of the process.
-sudo docker buildx build --build-arg PGRST_GITHUB_COMMIT=$PGRST_GITHUB_COMMIT \
-                         -t $DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:$PGRST_VERSION-arm \
-                         --push .
-
-# Add the arm images to the manifest
-# NOTE: This assumes that there already is a `postgrest:<version>` image
-#       for the amd64 architecture pushed to Docker Hub
-sudo docker buildx imagetools create --append -t $DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:$PGRST_VERSION $DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:$PGRST_VERSION-arm
-[ "$PGRST_VERSION" != "devel" ] && sudo docker buildx imagetools create --append -t $DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:latest $DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:$PGRST_VERSION-arm
-
-sudo docker logout
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ concurrency:

 jobs:
  static:
-    name: Nix - Linux static
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    name: Nix - Linux x86-64 static
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
      - name: Setup Nix Environment
        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-nix
        with:
@@ -42,27 +42,27 @@ jobs:
      - name: Build static executable
        run: nix-build -A postgrestStatic
      - name: Save built executable as artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@65462800fd760344b1a7b4382951275a0abb4808 # v4.3.3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
        with:
-          name: postgrest-linux-static-x64
+          name: postgrest-linux-static-x86-64
          path: result/bin/postgrest
          if-no-files-found: error

      - name: Build Docker image
        run: nix-build -A docker.image --out-link postgrest-docker.tar.gz
      - name: Save built Docker image as artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@65462800fd760344b1a7b4382951275a0abb4808 # v4.3.3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
        with:
-          name: postgrest-docker-x64
+          name: postgrest-docker-x86-64
          path: postgrest-docker.tar.gz
          if-no-files-found: error


  macos:
    name: Nix - MacOS
-    runs-on: macos-12
+    runs-on: macos-14
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
      - name: Setup Nix Environment
        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-nix
        with:
@@ -87,39 +87,38 @@ jobs:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        include:
-          - name: Linux
-            runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+          - name: Linux aarch64
+            runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
            cache: |
              ~/.stack/pantry
              ~/.stack/snapshots
              ~/.stack/stack.sqlite3
-            # no artifact for Linux, because we use the static build
+            artifact: postgrest-ubuntu-aarch64
+            deps: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install libpq-dev

          - name: MacOS
-            runs-on: macos-12
+            runs-on: macos-14
            cache: |
              ~/.stack/pantry
              ~/.stack/snapshots
              ~/.stack/stack.sqlite3
-            artifact: postgrest-macos-x64
+            artifact: postgrest-macos-aarch64
+            deps: brew link --force libpq

          - name: Windows
            runs-on: windows-2022
            cache: |
-              ~\AppData\Roaming\stack\pantry
-              ~\AppData\Local\Programs\stack\pantry
-              ~\AppData\Roaming\stack\snapshots
-              ~\AppData\Local\Programs\stack\snapshots
-              ~\AppData\Roaming\stack\stack.sqlite3
-              ~\AppData\Local\Programs\stack\stack.sqlite3
+              C:\sr\pantry
+              C:\sr\snapshots
+              C:\sr\stack.sqlite3
            deps: Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH $env:PGBIN
-            artifact: postgrest-windows-x64
+            artifact: postgrest-windows-x86-64

    name: Stack - ${{ matrix.name }}
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
-      - uses: haskell-actions/setup@33585e1a16afa5875e124b0ebc89dd0c2f872c21 # v2.7.3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: haskell-actions/setup@d9b5b3fcf7ca56b8fe585c9b77d3b0ce466affd2 # v2.7.10
        with:
          # This must match the version in stack.yaml's resolver
          ghc-version: 9.6.5
@@ -147,8 +146,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Strip Executable
        run: strip result/postgrest*
      - name: Save built executable as artifact
-        if: matrix.artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@65462800fd760344b1a7b4382951275a0abb4808 # v4.3.3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
        with:
          name: ${{ matrix.artifact }}
          path: |
@@ -159,15 +157,15 @@ jobs:

  freebsd:
    name: Stack - FreeBSD from CirrusCI
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
      - uses: ./.github/actions/artifact-from-cirrus
        with:
          token: ${{ github.token }}
          task: Build FreeBSD (Stack)
          download: bin
-          upload: postgrest-freebsd-x64
+          upload: postgrest-freebsd-x86-64


  cabal:
@@ -175,11 +173,11 @@ jobs:
      matrix:
        ghc: ['9.6.4', '9.8.2']
      fail-fast: false
-    name: Cabal - Linux GHC ${{ matrix.ghc }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    name: Cabal - Linux x86-64 - GHC ${{ matrix.ghc }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
-      - uses: haskell-actions/setup@33585e1a16afa5875e124b0ebc89dd0c2f872c21 # v2.7.3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: haskell-actions/setup@d9b5b3fcf7ca56b8fe585c9b77d3b0ce466affd2 # v2.7.10
        with:
          ghc-version: ${{ matrix.ghc }}
      - name: Cache .cabal
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
  lint-style:
    name: Lint & Style
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
      - name: Setup Nix Environment
        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-nix
        with:
@@ -5,21 +5,10 @@ on:
    branches:
      - main
      - v[0-9]+
-    tags:
-      - devel
-      - v*
-
-concurrency:
-  # Terminate all previous runs of the same workflow for the same tag, but never
-  # cancel for the main / release branch pipelines.
-  group: ci-${{ (github.ref_type == 'tag' && github.ref) || github.run_id }}
-  # TODO: Enable this once https://github.com/orgs/community/discussions/13015 is solved
-  cancel-in-progress: false

 jobs:
  check:
    name: Check
-    if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/heads/')
    uses: ./.github/workflows/check.yaml
    secrets:
      CACHIX_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CACHIX_AUTH_TOKEN }}
@@ -27,7 +16,6 @@ jobs:

  docs:
    name: Docs
-    if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/heads/')
    uses: ./.github/workflows/docs.yaml
    secrets:
      CACHIX_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CACHIX_AUTH_TOKEN }}
@@ -35,7 +23,6 @@ jobs:

  test:
    name: Test
-    if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/heads/')
    uses: ./.github/workflows/test.yaml
    secrets:
      CACHIX_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CACHIX_AUTH_TOKEN }}
@@ -49,87 +36,21 @@ jobs:
      CACHIX_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CACHIX_AUTH_TOKEN }}


-  arm:
-    name: Build / Cabal - aarch64 GHC 9.4.8
-    if: vars.SSH_ARM_ENABLED
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    outputs:
-      remotepath: ${{ steps.Remote-Dir.outputs.remotepath }}
-    env:
-      GITHUB_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-      GHC_VERSION: '9.4.8'
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
-      - id: Remote-Dir
-        name: Unique directory name for the remote build
-        run: echo "remotepath=postgrest-build-$(uuidgen)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-      - name: Copy script files to the remote server
-        uses: appleboy/scp-action@master
-        with:
-          host: ${{ secrets.SSH_ARM_HOST }}
-          username: ubuntu
-          key: ${{ secrets.SSH_ARM_PRIVATE_KEY }}
-          fingerprint: ${{ secrets.SSH_ARM_FINGERPRINT }}
-          source: ".github/scripts/arm/*"
-          target: ${{ steps.Remote-Dir.outputs.remotepath }}
-          strip_components: 3
-      - name: Build ARM
-        uses: appleboy/ssh-action@master
-        env:
-          REMOTE_DIR: ${{ steps.Remote-Dir.outputs.remotepath }}
-        with:
-          host: ${{ secrets.SSH_ARM_HOST }}
-          username: ubuntu
-          key: ${{ secrets.SSH_ARM_PRIVATE_KEY }}
-          fingerprint: ${{ secrets.SSH_ARM_FINGERPRINT }}
-          command_timeout: 120m
-          script_stop: true
-          envs: GITHUB_COMMIT,REMOTE_DIR,GHC_VERSION
-          script: bash ~/$REMOTE_DIR/build.sh "$GITHUB_COMMIT" "$REMOTE_DIR" "$GHC_VERSION"
-      - name: Download binaries from remote server
-        uses: nicklasfrahm/scp-action@main
-        with:
-          direction: download
-          host: ${{ secrets.SSH_ARM_HOST }}
-          username: ubuntu
-          key: ${{ secrets.SSH_ARM_PRIVATE_KEY }}
-          fingerprint: ${{ secrets.SSH_ARM_FINGERPRINT }}
-          source: "${{ steps.Remote-Dir.outputs.remotepath }}/result.tar.xz"
-          target: "result.tar.xz"
-      - name: Extract downloaded binaries
-        run: tar -xvf result.tar.xz && rm result.tar.xz
-      - name: Save aarch64 executable as artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@65462800fd760344b1a7b4382951275a0abb4808 # v4.3.3
-        with:
-          name: postgrest-ubuntu-aarch64
-          path: result/postgrest
-          if-no-files-found: error
-
-
  tag:
-    name: Release / Tag
+    name: Tag
    concurrency:
      # Never tag outdated commits on the main branch by skipping superseded commits
      group: ci-tag-${{ (github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.ref) || github.run_id }}
      # TODO: Enable this once https://github.com/orgs/community/discussions/13015 is solved
      cancel-in-progress: false
-    if: |
-      vars.RELEASE_ENABLED &&
-      startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/heads/') &&
-      needs.docs.result == 'success' &&
-      needs.test.result == 'success' &&
-      needs.build.result == 'success' &&
-      (needs.arm.result == 'skipped' || success())
-    permissions:
-      contents: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    if: vars.RELEASE_ENABLED
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    needs:
      - docs
      - test
      - build
-      - arm
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
        with:
          ssh-key: ${{ secrets.POSTGREST_SSH_KEY }}
      - name: Tag latest commit
@@ -147,216 +68,3 @@ jobs:
            git tag -f "devel"
            git push -f origin "devel"
          fi
-
-
-  prepare:
-    name: Release / Prepare
-    if: |
-      startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/') &&
-      needs.build.result == 'success' &&
-      (needs.arm.result == 'skipped' || success())
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    needs:
-      - build
-      - arm
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
-      - name: Check the version to be released
-        run: |
-          cabal_version="$(grep -oP '^version:\s*\K.*' postgrest.cabal)"
-
-          if [ "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" != "devel" ] && [ "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" != "v$cabal_version" ]; then
-            echo "Tagged version ($GITHUB_REF_NAME) does not match the one in postgrest.cabal (v$cabal_version). Aborting release..."
-            exit 1
-          fi
-      - name: Identify changes from CHANGELOG.md
-        run: |
-          if [ "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" == "devel" ]; then
-            echo "Getting unreleased changes..."
-            sed -n "1,/## Unreleased/d;/## \[/q;p" CHANGELOG.md > CHANGES.md
-          else
-            version="$(grep -oP '^version:\s*\K.*' postgrest.cabal)"
-            echo "Propper release, getting changes for version $version ..."
-            sed -n "1,/## \[$version\]/d;/## \[/q;p" CHANGELOG.md > CHANGES.md
-          fi
-
-          echo "Relevant extract from CHANGELOG.md:"
-          cat CHANGES.md
-      - name: Save CHANGES.md as artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@65462800fd760344b1a7b4382951275a0abb4808 # v4.3.3
-        with:
-          name: release-changes
-          path: CHANGES.md
-          if-no-files-found: error
-
-
-  github:
-    name: Release / GitHub
-    permissions:
-      contents: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    needs:
-      - prepare
-    if: success() || needs.prepare.result == 'success'
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
-      - name: Download all artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@65a9edc5881444af0b9093a5e628f2fe47ea3b2e # v4.1.7
-        with:
-          path: artifacts
-      - name: Create release bundle with archives for all builds
-        run: |
-          find artifacts -type f -iname postgrest -exec chmod +x {} \;
-
-          mkdir -p release-bundle
-
-          tar cJvf "release-bundle/postgrest-${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-linux-static-x64.tar.xz" \
-            -C artifacts/postgrest-linux-static-x64 postgrest
-
-          tar cJvf "release-bundle/postgrest-${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-macos-x64.tar.xz" \
-            -C artifacts/postgrest-macos-x64 postgrest
-
-          tar cJvf "release-bundle/postgrest-${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-freebsd-x64.tar.xz" \
-            -C artifacts/postgrest-freebsd-x64 postgrest
-
-          tar cJvf "release-bundle/postgrest-${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-ubuntu-aarch64.tar.xz" \
-            -C artifacts/postgrest-ubuntu-aarch64 postgrest
-
-          zip "release-bundle/postgrest-${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-windows-x64.zip" \
-            artifacts/postgrest-windows-x64/postgrest.exe
-
-      - name: Save release bundle
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@65462800fd760344b1a7b4382951275a0abb4808 # v4.3.3
-        with:
-          name: release-bundle
-          path: release-bundle
-          if-no-files-found: error
-
-      - name: Publish release on GitHub
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        run: |
-          echo "Releasing version ${GITHUB_REF_NAME} on GitHub..."
-
-          if [ "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" == "devel" ]; then
-            # To replace the existing release, we must first delete the old assets,
-            # then modify the release, then add the new assets.
-            gh release view devel --json assets \
-              | jq -r '.assets[] | .name' \
-              | xargs -rn1 \
-              gh release delete-asset -y devel
-            gh release edit devel \
-              -t devel \
-              --verify-tag \
-              -F artifacts/release-changes/CHANGES.md \
-              --prerelease
-            gh release upload --clobber devel release-bundle/*
-          else
-            gh release create "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" \
-              -t "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" \
-              --verify-tag \
-              -F artifacts/release-changes/CHANGES.md \
-              release-bundle/*
-          fi
-
-
-  docker:
-    name: Release / Docker Hub
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    needs:
-      - prepare
-    if: |
-      vars.DOCKER_REPO && vars.DOCKER_USER &&
-      (success() || needs.prepare.result == 'success')
-    env:
-      DOCKER_REPO: ${{ vars.DOCKER_REPO }}
-      DOCKER_USER: ${{ vars.DOCKER_USER }}
-      DOCKER_PASS: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASS }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
-      - name: Download Docker image
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@65a9edc5881444af0b9093a5e628f2fe47ea3b2e # v4.1.7
-        with:
-          name: postgrest-docker-x64
-      - name: Publish images on Docker Hub
-        run: |
-          docker login -u "$DOCKER_USER" -p "$DOCKER_PASS"
-          docker load -i postgrest-docker.tar.gz
-
-          docker tag postgrest:latest "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}"
-          docker push "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}"
-
-          # Only tag 'latest' for full releases
-          if [ "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" != "devel" ]; then
-            echo "Pushing to 'latest' tag for full release of ${GITHUB_REF_NAME} ..."
-            docker tag postgrest:latest "$DOCKER_REPO"/postgrest:latest
-            docker push "$DOCKER_REPO"/postgrest:latest
-          else
-            echo "Skipping push to 'latest' tag for pre-release..."
-          fi
-
-
-  docker-description:
-    name: Release / Docker Hub Description
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    if: |
-      vars.DOCKER_REPO && vars.DOCKER_USER &&
-      github.ref == 'refs/tags/devel'
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
-      - uses: peter-evans/dockerhub-description@e98e4d1628a5f3be2be7c231e50981aee98723ae # v4.0.0
-        with:
-          username: ${{ vars.DOCKER_USER }}
-          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASS }}
-          repository: ${{ vars.DOCKER_REPO }}/postgrest
-          short-description: ${{ github.event.repository.description }}
-          readme-filepath: ./docker-hub-readme.md
-
-
-  docker-arm:
-    name: Release / Docker Hub Arm
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    needs:
-      - arm
-      - docker
-    env:
-      GITHUB_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
-      DOCKER_REPO: ${{ vars.DOCKER_REPO }}
-      DOCKER_USER: ${{ vars.DOCKER_USER }}
-      DOCKER_PASS: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASS }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
-      - name: Publish images for ARM builds on Docker Hub
-        uses: appleboy/ssh-action@master
-        env:
-          REMOTE_DIR: ${{ needs.arm.outputs.remotepath }}
-        with:
-          host: ${{ secrets.SSH_ARM_HOST }}
-          username: ubuntu
-          key: ${{ secrets.SSH_ARM_PRIVATE_KEY }}
-          fingerprint: ${{ secrets.SSH_ARM_FINGERPRINT }}
-          script_stop: true
-          envs: GITHUB_COMMIT,DOCKER_REPO,DOCKER_USER,DOCKER_PASS,REMOTE_DIR,GITHUB_REF_NAME
-          script: bash ~/$REMOTE_DIR/docker-publish.sh "$GITHUB_COMMIT" "$DOCKER_REPO" "$DOCKER_USER" "$DOCKER_PASS" "$REMOTE_DIR" "$GITHUB_REF_NAME"
-
-
-  clean-arm:
-    name: Build / Cleanup
-    needs:
-      - arm
-      - docker-arm
-    if: ${{ always() && vars.SSH_ARM_ENABLED }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    env:
-      REMOTE_DIR: ${{ needs.arm.outputs.remotepath }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
-      - name: Remove uploaded files from server
-        uses: appleboy/ssh-action@master
-        with:
-          host: ${{ secrets.SSH_ARM_HOST }}
-          username: ubuntu
-          key: ${{ secrets.SSH_ARM_PRIVATE_KEY }}
-          fingerprint: ${{ secrets.SSH_ARM_FINGERPRINT }}
-          envs: REMOTE_DIR
-          script: rm -rf $REMOTE_DIR
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
  build:
    name: Build
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
+    - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
    - name: Setup Nix Environment
      uses: ./.github/actions/setup-nix
      with:
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ jobs:

  spellcheck:
    name: Spellcheck
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
+    - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
    - name: Setup Nix Environment
      uses: ./.github/actions/setup-nix
      with:
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ jobs:
  linkcheck:
    name: Linkcheck
    if: github.base_ref == 'main'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
+    - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
    - name: Setup Nix Environment
      uses: ./.github/actions/setup-nix
      with:
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+name: Release
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - devel
+      - v*
+
+concurrency:
+  # Terminate all previous runs of the same workflow for the same tag.
+  group: release-${{ github.ref }}
+  # TODO: Enable this once https://github.com/orgs/community/discussions/13015 is solved
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: Build
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/build.yaml
+    secrets:
+      CACHIX_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CACHIX_AUTH_TOKEN }}
+
+
+  prepare:
+    name: Prepare
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    needs:
+      - build
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - name: Check the version to be released
+        run: |
+          cabal_version="$(grep -oP '^version:\s*\K.*' postgrest.cabal)"
+
+          if [ "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" != "devel" ] && [ "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" != "v$cabal_version" ]; then
+            echo "Tagged version ($GITHUB_REF_NAME) does not match the one in postgrest.cabal (v$cabal_version). Aborting release..."
+            exit 1
+          fi
+      - name: Identify changes from CHANGELOG.md
+        run: |
+          if [ "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" == "devel" ]; then
+            echo "Getting unreleased changes..."
+            sed -n "1,/## Unreleased/d;/## \[/q;p" CHANGELOG.md > CHANGES.md
+          else
+            version="$(grep -oP '^version:\s*\K.*' postgrest.cabal)"
+            echo "Propper release, getting changes for version $version ..."
+            sed -n "1,/## \[$version\]/d;/## \[/q;p" CHANGELOG.md > CHANGES.md
+          fi
+
+          echo "Relevant extract from CHANGELOG.md:"
+          cat CHANGES.md
+      - name: Save CHANGES.md as artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        with:
+          name: release-changes
+          path: CHANGES.md
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+
+  github:
+    name: GitHub
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    needs:
+      - prepare
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - name: Download all artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@95815c38cf2ff2164869cbab79da8d1f422bc89e # v4.2.1
+        with:
+          path: artifacts
+      - name: Create release bundle with archives for all builds
+        run: |
+          find artifacts -type f -iname postgrest -exec chmod +x {} \;
+
+          mkdir -p release-bundle
+
+          tar cJvf "release-bundle/postgrest-${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-linux-static-x86-64.tar.xz" \
+            -C artifacts/postgrest-linux-static-x86-64 postgrest
+
+          tar cJvf "release-bundle/postgrest-${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-macos-aarch64.tar.xz" \
+            -C artifacts/postgrest-macos-aarch64 postgrest
+
+          tar cJvf "release-bundle/postgrest-${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-freebsd-x86-64.tar.xz" \
+            -C artifacts/postgrest-freebsd-x86-64 postgrest
+
+          tar cJvf "release-bundle/postgrest-${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-ubuntu-aarch64.tar.xz" \
+            -C artifacts/postgrest-ubuntu-aarch64 postgrest
+
+          zip --junk-paths "release-bundle/postgrest-${GITHUB_REF_NAME}-windows-x86-64.zip" \
+            artifacts/postgrest-windows-x86-64/postgrest.exe
+
+      - name: Save release bundle
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
+        with:
+          name: release-bundle
+          path: release-bundle
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+      - name: Publish release on GitHub
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          echo "Releasing version ${GITHUB_REF_NAME} on GitHub..."
+
+          if [ "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" == "devel" ]; then
+            # To replace the existing release, we must first delete the old assets,
+            # then modify the release, then add the new assets.
+            gh release view devel --json assets \
+              | jq -r '.assets[] | .name' \
+              | xargs -rn1 \
+              gh release delete-asset -y devel
+            gh release edit devel \
+              -t devel \
+              --verify-tag \
+              -F artifacts/release-changes/CHANGES.md \
+              --prerelease
+            gh release upload --clobber devel release-bundle/*
+          else
+            gh release create "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" \
+              -t "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" \
+              --verify-tag \
+              -F artifacts/release-changes/CHANGES.md \
+              release-bundle/*
+          fi
+
+
+  docker:
+    name: Docker Hub
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+    needs:
+      - prepare
+    if: |
+      vars.DOCKER_REPO && vars.DOCKER_USER
+    env:
+      DOCKER_REPO: ${{ vars.DOCKER_REPO }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - name: Download x86-64 Docker image
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@95815c38cf2ff2164869cbab79da8d1f422bc89e # v4.2.1
+        with:
+          name: postgrest-docker-x86-64
+      - name: Download aarch64 binary
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@95815c38cf2ff2164869cbab79da8d1f422bc89e # v4.2.1
+        with:
+          name: postgrest-ubuntu-aarch64
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@b5ca514318bd6ebac0fb2aedd5d36ec1b5c232a2 # v3.10.0
+      - uses: docker/login-action@74a5d142397b4f367a81961eba4e8cd7edddf772 # v3.4.0
+        with:
+          username: ${{ vars.DOCKER_USER }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASS }}
+      - name: Build aarch64 Docker image
+        run: |
+          # This only pushes the image via digest, not a tag. This will not appear
+          # in the image list on Docker Hub, yet. It will be later added to the main
+          # tag's manifest.
+          docker buildx build \
+            -t "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest" \
+            --platform linux/arm64 \
+            --output push-by-digest=true,type=image,push=true \
+            --metadata-file metadata.json \
+            .
+          echo "SHA256_ARM=$(jq -r '."containerimage.digest"' metadata.json)" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Publish images on Docker Hub
+        run: |
+          docker load -i postgrest-docker.tar.gz
+
+          docker tag postgrest:latest "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}"
+          docker push "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}"
+          docker buildx imagetools create --append \
+            -t "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" \
+            "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest@$SHA256_ARM"
+
+          # Only tag 'latest' for full releases
+          if [ "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" != "devel" ]; then
+            echo "Pushing to 'latest' tag for full release of ${GITHUB_REF_NAME} ..."
+            docker tag postgrest:latest "$DOCKER_REPO"/postgrest:latest
+            docker push "$DOCKER_REPO"/postgrest:latest
+            docker buildx imagetools create --append \
+              -t "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest:latest" \
+              "$DOCKER_REPO/postgrest@$SHA256_ARM"
+          else
+            echo "Skipping push to 'latest' tag for pre-release..."
+          fi
+
+
+  docker-description:
+    name: Docker Hub Description
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    if: |
+      vars.DOCKER_REPO && vars.DOCKER_USER &&
+      github.ref == 'refs/tags/devel'
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - uses: peter-evans/dockerhub-description@432a30c9e07499fd01da9f8a49f0faf9e0ca5b77 # v4.0.2
+        with:
+          username: ${{ vars.DOCKER_USER }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASS }}
+          repository: ${{ vars.DOCKER_REPO }}/postgrest
+          short-description: ${{ github.event.repository.description }}
+          readme-filepath: ./docker-hub-readme.md
+
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-name: Upload Reports
-
-on:
-  workflow_run:
-    workflows:
-      - CI
-      - Test
-    branches-ignore:
-      - devel
-      - v[0-9]+
-      - v[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+
-    types:
-      - completed
-
-jobs:
-  loadtest:
-    name: Loadtest
-    permissions:
-      checks: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    if: github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' || github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'failure'
-    steps:
-      - name: Download from Artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@65a9edc5881444af0b9093a5e628f2fe47ea3b2e # v4.1.7
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ github.token }}
-          run-id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
-          name: loadtest.md
-          path: artifacts
-      - name: Upload to GitHub Checks
-        uses: LouisBrunner/checks-action@6b626ffbad7cc56fd58627f774b9067e6118af23 # v2.0.0
-        with:
-          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          sha: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha }}
-          name: Loadtest Results
-          conclusion: neutral
-          output: |
-            {"summary":""}
-          output_text_description_file: artifacts/loadtest.md
@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
  coverage:
    name: Coverage
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    defaults:
      run:
        # Hack for enabling color output, see:
        # https://github.com/actions/runner/issues/241#issuecomment-842566950
        shell: script -qec "bash --noprofile --norc -eo pipefail {0}"
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
      - name: Setup Nix Environment
        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-nix
        with:
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Run coverage (IO tests and Spec tests against PostgreSQL 15)
        run: postgrest-coverage
      - name: Upload coverage to codecov
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@125fc84a9a348dbcf27191600683ec096ec9021c # v4.4.1
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@0565863a31f2c772f9f0395002a31e3f06189574 # v5.4.0
        with:
          files: ./coverage/codecov.json
          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
@@ -69,14 +69,14 @@ jobs:
      matrix:
        pgVersion: ["9_6", 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]
    name: PG ${{ matrix.pgVersion }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    defaults:
      run:
        # Hack for enabling color output, see:
        # https://github.com/actions/runner/issues/241#issuecomment-842566950
        shell: script -qec "bash --noprofile --norc -eo pipefail {0}"
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
      - name: Setup Nix Environment
        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-nix
        with:
@@ -98,9 +98,9 @@ jobs:

  memory:
    name: Memory
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
      - name: Setup Nix Environment
        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-nix
        with:
@@ -112,9 +112,9 @@ jobs:

  loadtest:
    name: Loadtest
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29 # v4.1.6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      - name: Setup Nix Environment
@@ -129,10 +129,4 @@ jobs:
      - name: Run loadtest
        run: |
          postgrest-loadtest-against main ${{ steps.get-latest-tag.outputs.tag }}
-          postgrest-loadtest-report > loadtest/loadtest.md
-      - name: Upload report
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@65462800fd760344b1a7b4382951275a0abb4808 # v4.3.3
-        with:
-          name: loadtest.md
-          path: loadtest/loadtest.md
-          if-no-files-found: error
+          postgrest-loadtest-report >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
@@ -5,6 +5,80 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).

 ## Unreleased

+## [12.2.10] - 2025-04-18
+
+### Fixed
+
+- #3889, Fix: JWT cache purging on every request decreases performance - @mkleczek
+
+## [12.2.9] - 2025-04-16
+
+### Fixed
+
+ - #3498, Fix incorrect parsing of the `for` parameter of the `application/vnd.pgrst.plan` media type - @taimoorzaeem
+ - #4014, Fix JWT cache allows old tokens after the jwt-secret is changed in a config reload - @taimoorzaeem
+
+## [12.2.8] - 2025-02-10
+
+### Fixed
+
+ - #3841, Log `503` client error to stderr - @taimoorzaeem
+
+## [12.2.7] - 2025-02-03
+
+### Fixed
+
+ - #2524, Fix schema reloading notice on windows - @diogob
+
+## [12.2.6] - 2025-01-29
+
+### Fixed
+
+ - #3788, Fix jwt cache does not remove expired entries - @taimoorzaeem
+
+## [12.2.5] - 2025-01-20
+
+### Fixed
+
+ - #3867, Fix startup for arm64 docker image - @wolfgangwalther
+
+## [12.2.4] - 2025-01-18
+
+### Fixed
+
+ - #3779, Always log the schema cache load time - @steve-chavez
+ - #3706, Fix insert with `missing=default` uses default value of domain instead of column - @taimoorzaeem
+
+## [12.2.3] - 2024-08-01
+
+### Fixed
+
+ - #3091, Broken link in OpenAPI description `externalDocs` - @salim-b
+ - #3659, Embed One-to-One relationship with different column order properly - @wolfgangwalther
+ - #3504, Remove `format` from `rowFilter` parameters in OpenAPI - @dantheman2865
+ - #3660, Fix regression that loaded the schema cache before the in-database configuration - @steve-chavez, @laurenceisla
+
+## [12.2.2] - 2024-07-10
+
+### Fixed
+
+ - #3093, Nested empty embeds no longer show empty values and are correctly omitted - @laurenceisla
+ - #3644, Make --dump-schema work with in-database pgrst.db_schemas setting - @wolfgangwalther
+ - #3644, Show number of timezones in schema cache load report - @wolfgangwalther
+ - #3644, List correct enum options in OpenApi output when multiple types with same name are present - @wolfgangwalther
+ - #3523, Fix schema cache loading retry without backoff - @steve-chavez
+
+## [12.2.1] - 2024-06-27
+
+### Fixed
+
+ - #3147, Don't reload schema cache on every listener failure - @steve-chavez
+
+### Documentation
+
+ - #3592, Architecture diagram now supports dark mode and has links - @laurenceisla
+ - #3616, The schema isolation diagram now supports dark mode and uses well-known schemas - @laurenceisla
+
 ## [12.2.0] - 2024-06-11

 ### Added
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
-# PostgREST docker hub image
+# PostgREST Docker Hub image for aarch64.
+# The x86-64 is a single-static-binary image built via Nix, see:
+# nix/tools/docker/README.md

-FROM ubuntu:noble@sha256:3f85b7caad41a95462cf5b787d8a04604c8262cdcdf9a472b8c52ef83375fe15 AS postgrest
+FROM ubuntu:noble@sha256:72297848456d5d37d1262630108ab308d3e9ec7ed1c3286a32fe09856619a782 AS postgrest

 RUN apt-get update -y \
    && apt install -y --no-install-recommends libpq-dev zlib1g-dev jq gcc libnuma-dev \
@@ -8,6 +10,7 @@ RUN apt-get update -y \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

 COPY postgrest /usr/bin/postgrest
+RUN chmod +x /usr/bin/postgrest

 EXPOSE 3000

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 ![Logo](static/postgrest.png "Logo")

 [![Donate](https://img.shields.io/badge/Donate-Patreon-orange.svg?colorB=F96854)](https://www.patreon.com/postgrest)
-[![Donate](https://img.shields.io/badge/Donate-PayPal-green.svg)](https://www.paypal.me/postgrest)
-[![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/begriffs/postgrest](https://img.shields.io/badge/gitter-join%20chat%20%E2%86%92-brightgreen.svg)](https://gitter.im/begriffs/postgrest)
 [![Docs](https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-latest-brightgreen.svg?style=flat)](http://postgrest.org)
 [![Docker Stars](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/postgrest/postgrest.svg)](https://hub.docker.com/r/postgrest/postgrest/)
 [![Build Status](https://github.com/postgrest/postgrest/actions/workflows/ci.yaml/badge.svg?branch=main)](https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/actions?query=branch%3Amain)
@@ -145,11 +143,7 @@ and the [API guide](http://postgrest.org/en/stable/api.html).

 ## Supporting development

-You can help PostgREST ongoing maintenance and development by:
-
- Making a regular donation through Patreon https://www.patreon.com/postgrest
-
- Alternatively, you can make a one-time donation via Paypal https://www.paypal.me/postgrest
+You can help PostgREST ongoing maintenance and development by making a regular donation through Patreon https://www.patreon.com/postgrest

 Every donation will be spent on making PostgREST better for the whole community.

@@ -1 +1 @@
-index-state: hackage.haskell.org 2024-05-17T23:41:49Z
+index-state: hackage.haskell.org 2025-02-01T14:59:33Z
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 # PostgREST

-[![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/begriffs/postgrest](https://img.shields.io/badge/gitter-join%20chat%20%E2%86%92-brightgreen.svg)](https://gitter.im/begriffs/postgrest)
 [![Donate](https://img.shields.io/badge/Donate-Patreon-orange.svg?colorB=F96854)](https://www.patreon.com/postgrest)
-[![Donate](https://img.shields.io/badge/Donate-PayPal-green.svg)](https://www.paypal.me/postgrest)
 [![Docs](https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-latest-brightgreen.svg?style=flat)](http://postgrest.org)
 [![Build Status](https://github.com/postgrest/postgrest/actions/workflows/ci.yaml/badge.svg?branch=main)](https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/actions?query=branch%3Amain)

@@ -5,35 +5,20 @@ The ER diagrams were created with https://github.com/BurntSushi/erd/.
 You can go download erd from https://github.com/BurntSushi/erd/releases and then do:

 ```bash
-./erd_static-x86-64 -i film.er -o ../_static/film.png
+./erd_static-x86-64 -i ./er/film.er -o ../_static/film.png
 ```

 The fonts used belong to the GNU FreeFont family. You can download them here: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/freefont/

-## LaTeX
+## UML

-The schema structure diagram is done with LaTeX. You can use a GUI like https://www.mathcha.io/editor to create the .tex file.
+The UML diagrams are created with https://plantuml.com/.

-Then use this command to generate the png file.
+PlantUML only creates one diagram per file.
+That's why we need to create another one for dark mode.
+For example, for the file [uml/arch.uml](uml/arch.uml) there's [uml/dark/arch-dark.uml](uml/dark/arch-dark.uml) which includes the first one:

 ```bash
-postgrest-docs-render
-```
-
-LaTeX is used because it's a tweakable plain text format.
-
-You can install the full latex suite with `nix`:
-
-```
-nix-env -iA texlive.combined.scheme-full
-```
-
-To tweak the file with a live reload environment use:
-
-```bash
-# open the pdf(zathura used as an example)
-zathura db.pdf &
-
-# live reload with entr
-echo db.tex | entr pdflatex --shell-escape -halt-on-error db.tex
+plantuml -tsvg uml/arch.uml -o ../../_static
+plantuml -tsvg -darkmode uml/dark/arch-dark.uml -o ../../../_static
 ```
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-\documentclass[convert]{standalone}
-\usepackage{amsmath}
-\usepackage{tikz}
-\usepackage{mathdots}
-\usepackage{yhmath}
-\usepackage{cancel}
-\usepackage{color}
-\usepackage{siunitx}
-\usepackage{array}
-\usepackage{multirow}
-\usepackage{amssymb}
-\usepackage{gensymb}
-\usepackage{tabularx}
-\usepackage{booktabs}
-\usetikzlibrary{fadings}
-\usetikzlibrary{patterns}
-\usetikzlibrary{shadows.blur}
-\usetikzlibrary{shapes}
-
-\begin{document}
-
-\newcommand\customScale{0.35}
-
-\begin{tikzpicture}[x=0.75pt,y=0.75pt,yscale=-1,xscale=1, scale=\customScale, every node/.style={scale=\customScale}]
-
-%Shape: Can [id:dp7234864758664346]
-\draw  [fill={rgb, 255:red, 47; green, 97; blue, 144 }  ,fill opacity=1 ] (497.5,51.5) -- (497.5,255.5) .. controls (497.5,275.66) and (423.18,292) .. (331.5,292) .. controls (239.82,292) and (165.5,275.66) .. (165.5,255.5) -- (165.5,51.5) .. controls (165.5,31.34) and (239.82,15) .. (331.5,15) .. controls (423.18,15) and (497.5,31.34) .. (497.5,51.5) .. controls (497.5,71.66) and (423.18,88) .. (331.5,88) .. controls (239.82,88) and (165.5,71.66) .. (165.5,51.5) ;
-%Shape: Rectangle [id:dp7384065579958246]
-\draw  [fill={rgb, 255:red, 236; green, 227; blue, 227 }  ,fill opacity=1 ] (189,115) -- (252.5,115) -- (252.5,155) -- (189,155) -- cycle ;
-%Shape: Rectangle [id:dp24763906430298177]
-\draw  [fill={rgb, 255:red, 236; green, 227; blue, 227 }  ,fill opacity=1 ] (292,118) -- (362,118) -- (362,158) -- (292,158) -- cycle ;
-%Shape: Rectangle [id:dp3775601612537265]
-\draw  [fill={rgb, 255:red, 236; green, 227; blue, 227 }  ,fill opacity=1 ] (397,114) -- (467,114) -- (467,154) -- (397,154) -- cycle ;
-%Shape: Rectangle [id:dp7071457022893852]
-\draw  [fill={rgb, 255:red, 248; green, 231; blue, 28 }  ,fill opacity=1 ] (269,199) -- (397.5,199) -- (397.5,273) -- (269,273) -- cycle ;
-%Straight Lines [id:da8846759047437789]
-\draw    (268,234) -- (226.44,155.77) ;
-\draw [shift={(225.5,154)}, rotate = 422.02] [color={rgb, 255:red, 0; green, 0; blue, 0 }  ][line width=0.75]    (10.93,-3.29) .. controls (6.95,-1.4) and (3.31,-0.3) .. (0,0) .. controls (3.31,0.3) and (6.95,1.4) .. (10.93,3.29)   ;
-%Straight Lines [id:da6908444738113828]
-\draw    (309.5,198) -- (307.6,161) ;
-\draw [shift={(307.5,159)}, rotate = 447.06] [color={rgb, 255:red, 0; green, 0; blue, 0 }  ][line width=0.75]    (10.93,-3.29) .. controls (6.95,-1.4) and (3.31,-0.3) .. (0,0) .. controls (3.31,0.3) and (6.95,1.4) .. (10.93,3.29)   ;
-%Straight Lines [id:da7168757864413169]
-\draw    (398.5,233) -- (431.72,154.84) ;
-\draw [shift={(432.5,153)}, rotate = 473.03] [color={rgb, 255:red, 0; green, 0; blue, 0 }  ][line width=0.75]    (10.93,-3.29) .. controls (6.95,-1.4) and (3.31,-0.3) .. (0,0) .. controls (3.31,0.3) and (6.95,1.4) .. (10.93,3.29)   ;
-%Up Down Arrow [id:dp14059754167108496]
-\draw  [fill={rgb, 255:red, 126; green, 211; blue, 33 }  ,fill opacity=1 ] (312.5,288.5) -- (330,273) -- (347.5,288.5) -- (338.75,288.5) -- (338.75,319.5) -- (347.5,319.5) -- (330,335) -- (312.5,319.5) -- (321.25,319.5) -- (321.25,288.5) -- cycle ;
-
-% Text Node
-\draw (201,129) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt]   [align=left] {tables};
-% Text Node
-\draw (307,130) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt]   [align=left ] {tables};
-% Text Node
-\draw (414,127) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt]   [align=left] {tables};
-% Text Node
-\draw (300,203) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt]  [color={rgb, 255:red, 0; green, 0; blue, 0 }  ,opacity=1 ] [align=center] { \\ views \\ + \\ \ \ functions};
-
-% Text Node
-\draw (322,178) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt]  [color={rgb, 255:red, 255; green, 255; blue, 255 }  ,opacity=1 ] [align=left] {\large\textbf{api}};
-% Text Node
-\draw (190,97) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt]  [color={rgb, 255:red, 255; green, 255; blue, 255 }  ,opacity=1 ] [align=left] {\large\textbf{internal}};
-% Text Node
-\draw (300,99) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt]  [color={rgb, 255:red, 255; green, 255; blue, 255 }  ,opacity=1 ] [align=left] {\large\textbf{private}};
-% Text Node
-\draw (417,101) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt]  [color={rgb, 255:red, 255; green, 255; blue, 255 }  ,opacity=1 ] [align=left] {\large\textbf{core}};
-% Text Node
-\draw (358,306) node [anchor=north west][inner sep=0.75pt]   [align=left] {REST};
-
-\end{tikzpicture}
-
-
-\end{document}
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
@startuml

+skinparam backgroundColor transparent
+
 package "PostgREST" {
  () HTTP as HTTPAPI
  HTTPAPI  - [Auth]
@@ -14,11 +16,9 @@ package "PostgREST" {
  [Admin]  -r- () HTTPADMIN
  [Config] -l- () CLI

-  [Config] <-l~ Listener
+  [Config] <-r~ Listener

  HTTPADMIN -[hidden]r- CLI
-  Listener -[hidden]r- [Schema Cache]
-  Listener -[hidden]r- [Config]
  [Schema Cache] -l[hidden]- [Config]
  [Schema Cache] -l[hidden]- [Admin]
  [Schema Cache] -l[hidden]- CLI
@@ -26,16 +26,16 @@ package "PostgREST" {


 database "PostgreSQL" {
-  node "API schema" as API {
-    rectangle "Functions, Views"
-  }
  node Authorization {
    rectangle "Roles, GRANT, RLS"
  }
+  node "API schema" as API {
+    rectangle "Functions, Views"
+  }
  rectangle "Tables, extensions" as tbs
  API -d- tbs

- API -[hidden]l- Authorization
+  API -l[hidden]- Authorization
 }

 :user:
@@ -67,4 +67,18 @@ end note
 note top of Listener
  LISTEN session
 end note
+
+url of Admin is [[../references/admin_server.html#admin-server]]
+url of API is [[../explanations/schema_isolation.html]]
+url of Auth is [[../references/auth.html#authn]]
+url of Authorization is [[../explanations/db_authz.html]]
+url of CLI is [[../references/cli.html#cli]]
+url of "Connection Pool" is [[../references/connection_pool.html]]
+url of Config is [[../references/configuration.html#configuration]]
+url of HTTPADMIN is [[https://aosabook.org/en/posa/warp.html]]
+url of HTTPAPI is [[https://aosabook.org/en/posa/warp.html]]
+url of Listener is [[../references/listener.html#listener]]
+url of Proxy is [[../explanations/nginx.html]]
+url of "Schema Cache" is [[../references/schema_cache.html#schema-cache]]
+
@enduml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+@startuml
+!include ../arch.uml
+@enduml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+@startuml
+!include ../sch-iso.uml
+@enduml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+@startuml
+
+skinparam backgroundColor transparent
+skinparam linetype ortho
+
+skinparam node {
+  backgroundColor transparent
+  borderThickness 1
+}
+
+database "PostgreSQL" {
+  node public {
+    rectangle tables_public as "tables"
+  }
+
+  node extensions as "**extensions**" {
+  }
+
+  node API as "<size:20>api" {
+    rectangle vf_api as "views + functions"
+  }
+
+  tables_public <-- vf_api
+  extensions <-- vf_api
+}
+
+vf_api <-[thickness=3]-> () PostgREST
+
+@enduml
@@ -149,3 +149,7 @@ html[data-theme="dark"] .img-translucent img {
  transition: background-color 0.3s;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
 }
+
+.svg-container-md {
+  max-width: 400px;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii" standalone="no"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" contentStyleType="text/css" height="411px" preserveAspectRatio="none" style="width:315px;height:411px;" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 315 411" width="315px" zoomAndPan="magnify"><defs/><g><!--cluster PostgreSQL--><g id="cluster_PostgreSQL"><path d="M6,16 C6,6 152,6 152,6 C152,6 298,6 298,16 L298,309.14 C298,319.14 152,319.14 152,319.14 C152,319.14 6,319.14 6,309.14 L6,16 " fill="none" style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:1.0;"/><path d="M6,16 C6,26 152,26 152,26 C152,26 298,26 298,16 " fill="none" style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:1.0;"/><text fill="#FFFFFF" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="14" font-weight="bold" lengthAdjust="spacing" textLength="81.375" x="111.3125" y="42.9659">PostgreSQL</text></g><!--cluster public--><g id="cluster_public"><polygon fill="none" points="30,77,40,67,150,67,150,155.07,140,165.07,30,165.07,30,77" style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:1.0;"/><line style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:1.0;" x1="140" x2="150" y1="77" y2="67"/><line style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:1.0;" x1="30" x2="140" y1="77" y2="77"/><line style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:1.0;" x1="140" x2="140" y1="77" y2="165.07"/><text fill="#FFFFFF" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="14" font-weight="bold" lengthAdjust="spacing" textLength="44.625" x="63.6875" y="94.9659">public</text></g><!--cluster API--><g id="cluster_API"><polygon fill="none" points="68,199.07,78,189.07,236,189.07,236,285.14,226,295.14,68,295.14,68,199.07" style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:1.0;"/><line style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:1.0;" x1="226" x2="236" y1="199.07" y2="189.07"/><line style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:1.0;" x1="68" x2="226" y1="199.07" y2="199.07"/><line style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:1.0;" x1="226" x2="226" y1="199.07" y2="295.14"/><text fill="#FFFFFF" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="20" font-weight="bold" lengthAdjust="spacing" textLength="29.875" x="133.0625" y="223.45">api</text></g><!--entity tables_public--><g id="elem_tables_public"><rect fill="#313139" height="39.0679" rx="2.5" ry="2.5" style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:0.5;" width="61" x="69.5" y="110"/><text fill="#FFFFFF" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="14" lengthAdjust="spacing" textLength="41" x="79.5" y="134.9659">tables</text></g><!--entity extensions--><g id="elem_extensions"><polygon fill="none" points="165.81,115,175.81,105,282.185,105,282.185,144.0679,272.185,154.0679,165.81,154.0679,165.81,115" style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:1.0;"/><line style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:1.0;" x1="272.185" x2="282.185" y1="115" y2="105"/><line style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:1.0;" x1="165.81" x2="272.185" y1="115" y2="115"/><line style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:1.0;" x1="272.185" x2="272.185" y1="115" y2="154.0679"/><text fill="#FFFFFF" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="14" font-weight="bold" lengthAdjust="spacing" textLength="76.375" x="180.81" y="139.9659">extensions</text></g><!--entity vf_api--><g id="elem_vf_api"><rect fill="#313139" height="39.0679" rx="2.5" ry="2.5" style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:0.5;" width="136" x="84" y="240.07"/><text fill="#FFFFFF" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="14" lengthAdjust="spacing" textLength="116" x="94" y="265.0359">views + functions</text></g><!--entity PostgREST--><g id="elem_PostgREST"><ellipse cx="152" cy="371.14" fill="#313139" rx="8" ry="8" style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:0.5;"/><text fill="#FFFFFF" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="14" lengthAdjust="spacing" textLength="70" x="117" y="403.1059">PostgREST</text></g><!--reverse link tables_public to vf_api--><g id="link_tables_public_vf_api"><path d="M107.25,155.29 C107.25,179.74 107.25,215.13 107.25,239.67 " fill="none" id="tables_public-backto-vf_api" style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:1.0;"/><polygon fill="#E7E7E7" points="107.25,149.29,103.25,158.29,107.25,154.29,111.25,158.29,107.25,149.29" style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:1.0;"/></g><!--reverse link extensions to vf_api--><g id="link_extensions_vf_api"><path d="M192.91,160.31 C192.91,185.07 192.91,216.68 192.91,239.61 " fill="none" id="extensions-backto-vf_api" style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:1.0;"/><polygon fill="#E7E7E7" points="192.91,154.31,188.91,163.31,192.91,159.31,196.91,163.31,192.91,154.31" style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:1.0;"/></g><!--link vf_api to PostgREST--><g id="link_vf_api_PostgREST"><path d="M152,285.55 C152,309.98 152,338.34 152,356.18 " fill="none" id="vf_api-PostgREST" style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:3.0;"/><polygon fill="#E7E7E7" points="152,279.55,148,288.55,152,284.55,156,288.55,152,279.55" style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:3.0;"/><polygon fill="#E7E7E7" points="152,362.18,156,353.18,152,357.18,148,353.18,152,362.18" style="stroke:#E7E7E7;stroke-width:3.0;"/></g><!--SRC=[KypCIyufJKbLqDFJBqxEqCqipjShpSq10000]--></g></svg>
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ source_suffix = ".rst"
 master_doc = "index"

 # This is overriden by readthedocs with the version tag anyway
-version = "devel"
+version = "12.2"
 # To avoid repetition in <title> we set this to an empty string.
 release = ""

@@ -292,15 +292,17 @@ def setup(app):
    app.add_css_file("css/custom.css")


-# taken from https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/blob/82dad44e5bd3776ecb6fd8ded656bc8151d0e63d/sphinx/util/requests.py#L42
-user_agent = "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:25.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/25.0"
+user_agent = (
+    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:135.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/135.0"
+)

-# TODO: these pages are returning 403 right now. Verify if they can be fixed by addressing the issue:
-# https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/issues/3544
 linkcheck_ignore = [
-    r"https://stackoverflow.com/",
-    r"https://www.patreon.com/postgrest",
-    r"https://blog.frankel.ch/poor-man-api",
+    # Odd SSL error
+    r"https://www.dripdepot.com",
+    # New GitHub UI delays comment load, so anchor fails
+    r"https://github.com/.*#issuecomment",
+    # Random 500 Internal Server Error
+    r"https://jwt.io",
 ]

 # sphinx-tabs configuration
@@ -8,9 +8,6 @@ Community Tutorials

 * `PostgREST + Auth0: Create REST API in mintutes, and add social login using Auth0 <https://samkhawase.com/blog/postgrest/>`_ - A step-by-step tutorial to show how to dockerize and integrate Auth0 to PostgREST service.

-* `PostgREST + PostGIS API tutorial in 5 minutes <https://gis-ops.com/postgrest-postgis-api-tutorial-geospatial-api-in-5-minutes/>`_ -
-  In this tutorial, GIS • OPS shows how to perform PostGIS calculations through PostgREST :ref:`functions` interface.
-
 * `"CodeLess" backend using postgres, postgrest and oauth2 authentication with keycloak <https://www.mathieupassenaud.fr/codeless_backend/>`_ -
  A step-by-step tutorial for using PostgREST with KeyCloak(hosted on a managed service).

@@ -37,6 +34,7 @@ Templates
 Example Apps
 ------------

+* `archtika <https://github.com/archtika/archtika>`_ - self‑hosted CMS
 * `delibrium-postgrest <https://gitlab.com/delibrium/delibrium-postgrest/>`_ - example school API and front-end in Vue.js
 * `ETH-transactions-storage <https://github.com/Adamant-im/ETH-transactions-storage>`_ - indexer for Ethereum to get transaction list by ETH address
 * `general <https://github.com/PierreRochard/general>`_ - example auth back-end
@@ -62,6 +60,7 @@ External Notification

 These are PostgreSQL bridges that propagate LISTEN/NOTIFY to external queues for further processing. This allows functions to initiate actions outside the database such as sending emails.

+* `pg-notify-stdout <https://github.com/mkleczek/pg-notify-stdout>`_ - writes notifications to standard output (use in shell scripts etc.)
 * `pg-notify-webhook <https://github.com/vbalasu/pg-notify-webhook>`_ - trigger webhooks from PostgreSQL's LISTEN/NOTIFY
 * `pgsql-listen-exchange <https://github.com/gmr/pgsql-listen-exchange>`_ - RabbitMQ
 * `postgres-websockets <https://github.com/diogob/postgres-websockets>`_ - expose web sockets for PostgreSQL's LISTEN/NOTIFY
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ Client-Side Libraries
 * `postgrest-go <https://github.com/supabase-community/postgrest-go>`_ - Go
 * `postgrest-js <https://github.com/supabase/postgrest-js>`_ - TypeScript/JavaScript
 * `postgrest-kt <https://github.com/supabase-community/postgrest-kt>`_ - Kotlin
-* `postgrest-py <https://github.com/supabase-community/postgrest-py>`_ - Python
+* `postgrest-py <https://github.com/supabase/postgrest-py>`_ - Python
 * `postgrest-rs <https://github.com/supabase-community/postgrest-rs>`_ - Rust
 * `postgrest-swift <https://github.com/supabase-community/postgrest-swift>`_ - Swift
 * `redux-postgrest <https://github.com/andytango/redux-postgrest>`_ - TypeScript/JS, client integrated with (React) Redux.
@@ -6,7 +6,22 @@ This page describes the architecture of PostgREST.
 Bird's Eye View
 ===============

-.. image:: ../_static/arch.png
+You can click on the components to navigate to their respective documentation.
+
+  .. container:: img-dark
+
+    .. See https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/2240#issuecomment-187366626
+
+    .. raw:: html
+
+      <object width="100%" data="../_static/arch-dark.svg" type="image/svg+xml"></object>
+
+  .. container:: img-light
+
+    .. raw:: html
+
+      <object width="100%" data="../_static/arch.svg" type="image/svg+xml"></object>
+

 Code Map
 ========
@@ -77,5 +92,4 @@ The HTTP server is provided by `Warp <https://aosabook.org/en/posa/warp.html>`_.
 Listener
 --------

-`Listener.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/PostgREST/Listener.hs>`_ is in charge of maintaining a `LISTEN session <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-listen.html>`_
-that keeps the :ref:`schema_cache` and the :ref:`in_db_config` up to date.
+`Listener.hs <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/blob/main/src/PostgREST/Listener.hs>`_ is in charge of the :ref:`listener`.
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Roles for Each Web User

 PostgREST can accommodate either viewpoint. If you treat a role as a single user then the :ref:`jwt_impersonation` does most of what you need. When an authenticated user makes a request PostgREST will switch into the database role for that user, which in addition to restricting queries, is available to SQL through the :code:`current_user` variable.

-You can use row-level security to flexibly restrict visibility and access for the current user. Here is an `example <https://www.2ndquadrant.com/en/blog/application-users-vs-row-level-security/>`_ from Tomas Vondra, a chat table storing messages sent between users. Users can insert rows into it to send messages to other users, and query it to see messages sent to them by other users.
+You can use row-level security to flexibly restrict visibility and access for the current user. Here is an `example <https://www.enterprisedb.com:443/blog/application-users-vs-row-level-security>`_ from Tomas Vondra, a chat table storing messages sent between users. Users can insert rows into it to send messages to other users, and query it to see messages sent to them by other users.

 .. code-block:: postgres

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 Installation
 ############

-The release page has `pre-compiled binaries for macOS, Windows, Linux and FreeBSD <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/releases/latest>`_ .
+The release page has `pre-compiled binaries for macOS, Windows, Linux and FreeBSD <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/releases/latest>`_.
 The Linux binary is a static executable that can be run on any Linux distribution.

 You can also use your OS package manager.
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ When a pre-built binary does not exist for your system you can build the project

 You can build PostgREST from source with `Stack <https://github.com/commercialhaskell/stack>`_. It will install any necessary Haskell dependencies on your system.

-* `Install Stack <https://docs.haskellstack.org/en/stable/README/#how-to-install-stack>`_ for your platform
+* `Install Stack <https://docs.haskellstack.org/en/stable/#how-to-install-stack>`_ for your platform
 * Install Library Dependencies

  =====================  =======================================
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-.. note::
-
-  This page is a work in progress.
-
 .. _schema_isolation:

 Schema Isolation
@@ -12,6 +8,18 @@ A PostgREST instance exposes all the tables, views, and functions of a single `P
 It is recommended that you don't expose tables on your API schema. Instead expose views and functions which insulate the internal details from the outside world.
 This allows you to change the internals of your schema and maintain backwards compatibility. It also keeps your code easier to refactor, and provides a natural way to do API versioning.

-.. container:: img-translucent
+.. container:: svg-container-md

-  .. image:: ../_static/db.png
+  .. container:: img-dark
+
+    .. See https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/2240#issuecomment-187366626
+
+    .. raw:: html
+
+      <object width="100%" data="../_static/sch-iso-dark.svg" type="image/svg+xml"></object>
+
+  .. container:: img-light
+
+    .. raw:: html
+
+      <object width="100%" data="../_static/sch-iso.svg" type="image/svg+xml"></object>
@@ -16,15 +16,9 @@ PostgREST Documentation
 .. image:: https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/postgrest/postgrest.svg
  :target: https://hub.docker.com/r/postgrest/postgrest/

-.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/gitter-join%20chat%20%E2%86%92-brightgreen.svg
-  :target: https://gitter.im/begriffs/postgrest
-
 .. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/Donate-Patreon-orange.svg?colorB=F96854
  :target: https://www.patreon.com/postgrest

-.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/Donate-PayPal-green.svg
-  :target: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/postgrest
-
 |

 PostgREST is a standalone web server that turns your PostgreSQL database directly into a RESTful API. The structural constraints and permissions in the database determine the API endpoints and operations.
@@ -45,7 +39,7 @@ Sponsors
      :target: https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com/en/?utm_source=postgrest.org&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=postgrest

  .. image:: ../static/gnuhost.png
-    :target: https://gnuhost.eu/?utm_source=sponsor&utm_campaign=postgrest
+    :target: https://euronodes.com/?utm_source=sponsor&utm_campaign=postgrest

  .. container:: img-dark

@@ -113,7 +107,7 @@ PostgREST has a focused scope. It works well with other tools like Nginx. This f
 Getting Support
 ----------------

-The project has a friendly and growing community. For discussions, use the Github `discussions page <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/discussions>`_ or join our `chat room <https://gitter.im/begriffs/postgrest>`_. You can also report or search for bugs/features on the Github `issues <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/issues>`_ page.
+The project has a friendly and growing community. For discussions, use the Github `discussions page <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/discussions>`_. You can also report or search for bugs/features on the Github `issues <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/issues>`_ page.

 Release Notes
 -------------
@@ -218,13 +212,11 @@ Here are some companies that use PostgREST in production.
 * `Datrium <https://www.datrium.com>`_
 * `Drip Depot <https://www.dripdepot.com>`_
 * `Image-charts <https://www.image-charts.com>`_
-* `Moat <https://www.oracle.com/advertising/measurement/>`_
+* `Moat <https://www.oracle.com/advertising/>`_
 * `Netwo <https://www.netwo.io>`_
 * `Nimbus <https://www.nimbusfacility.com/sg/home>`_
  - See how Nimbus uses PostgREST in `Paul Copplestone's blog post <https://paul.copplest.one/blog/nimbus-tech-2019-04.html>`_.
 * `OpenBooking <https://openbooking.ch>`_
-* `Redsmin <https://www.redsmin.com>`_
-* `Sompani <https://www.sompani.com>`_
 * `Supabase <https://supabase.com>`_

 .. Failing links
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Greenplum
 #########

-`Greenplum <https://greenplum.org/>`_ has been reported to work by adding ``LOGIN`` to the :ref:`anonymous and user roles <roles>`.
+`Greenplum <https://blogs.vmware.com/tanzu/tanzu-greenplum/>`_ has been reported to work by adding ``LOGIN`` to the :ref:`anonymous and user roles <roles>`.

 For more details, see https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/issues/2021.
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ booleans
 BOM
 Bytea
 Cardano
-casted
 cd
 centric
 CLI
+CMS
 coercible
 conf
 Cloudflare
@@ -146,8 +146,6 @@ SHA
 signup
 SIGUSR
 sl
-spreaded
-Spreaded
 SQL
 sql
 SQLSTATE
@@ -3,20 +3,20 @@
 Aggregate Functions
 ###################

-Aggregate functions allow you to summarize data by performing calculations across groups of rows. For instance, if you have an ``orders`` table that has an ``amount`` column, you could use an aggregate function to get the sum of the ``amount`` column, either for all rows, or for each group of rows that share specific values, for instance all rows that share the same ``order_date``.
+PostgREST supports the following aggregate functions: ``avg()``, ``count()``, ``max()``, ``min()``, and ``sum()``.
+Please refer to the `section on aggregate functions in the PostgreSQL documentation <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-aggregate.html>`_ for a detailed explanation of these functions.

 .. note::
- Aggregate functions are *disabled* by default in PostgREST, as without appropriate safeguards, aggregate functions can create performance problems. See :ref:`db-aggregates-enabled` for further details.
+ Aggregate functions are *disabled* by default in PostgREST, because they can create performance problems without appropriate safeguards.
+ See :ref:`db-aggregates-enabled` for further details.

-PostgREST supports the following aggregate functions: ``avg()``, ``count()``, ``max()``, ``min()``, and ``sum()``. Please refer to the `section on aggregate functions in the PostgreSQL documentation <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-aggregate.html>`_ for a detailed explanation of these functions.
-
-To use an aggregate function, you append the function to a value in the ``select`` parameter, like so:
+To use an aggregate function, append it to a column in the ``select`` parameter, like so:

 .. code-block:: bash

  curl "http://localhost:3000/orders?select=amount.sum()"

-With the above query, PostgREST will return a single row with a single column named ``sum`` that contains the sum of all the values in the ``amount`` column:
+This will return a ``sum`` of all the values of the ``amount`` column in a single row:

 .. code-block:: json

@@ -26,15 +26,29 @@ With the above query, PostgREST will return a single row with a single column na
    }
  ]

-You can use multiple aggregate functions by just adding more columns with aggregate functions to the ``select`` parameter.
+You can ``select`` multiple aggregate functions at the same time (you may need to :ref:`rename them <renaming_columns>` to disambiguate).

-To group by other columns, you simply add those columns to the ``select`` parameter. For instance:
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+  curl "http://localhost:3000/orders?select=total_amount:amount.sum(),avg_amount:amount.avg(),total_quantity:quantity.sum()"
+
+.. note::
+  Aggregate functions work alongside other PostgREST features, like :ref:`h_filter`, :ref:`json_columns`, and :ref:`ordering`.
+  However they are not compatible with :ref:`domain_reps` for the moment.
+  Additionally, PostgreSQL's ``HAVING`` clause and ordering by aggregated columns are not yet supported.
+
+Automatic ``GROUP BY``
+======================
+
+In SQL, a ``GROUP BY`` clause is required to aggregate the selected columns.
+However, PostgREST handles grouping automatically if the columns are already present in the ``select`` parameter.
+For instance:

 .. code-block:: bash

  curl "http://localhost:3000/orders?select=amount.sum(),amount.avg(),order_date"

-This will return a row for each unique value in the ``order_date`` column, with the sum and average of the ``amount`` column for all rows that share the same ``order_date``:
+This will get the sum and average of the amounts grouped by each unique value in the ``order_date`` column:

 .. code-block:: json

@@ -51,67 +65,55 @@ This will return a row for each unique value in the ``order_date`` column, with
    }
  ]

-.. note::
-  Aggregate functions work alongside other PostgREST features, like :ref:`h_filter`, :ref:`json_columns`, and :ref:`ordering`. Please note at this time aggregate functions are not compatible with :ref:`domain_reps`. Additionally, PostgreSQL's ``HAVING`` clause and ordering by aggregated columns are not yet supported.
-
-The Case of ``count()``
-===========================
+The ``count()`` Aggregate
+=========================

 .. note::
-  Before the addition of aggregate functions, it was possible to count by adding ``count`` (without parentheses) to the ``select`` parameter. While this is still supported, it may be deprecated in the future, and thus use of this legacy feature is **not recommended.** Please use ``count()`` (with parentheses) instead.
+  Before the addition of aggregate functions, it was possible to count by adding ``count`` (without parentheses) to the ``select`` parameter.
+  While this is still supported, it may be deprecated in the future, and thus use of this legacy feature is **not recommended**.
+  Please use ``count()`` (with parentheses) instead.

-
-``count()`` is treated specially, as it can be used without an associated column. Take for example the following query:
+``count()`` is a special case because it can be used with or without an aggregated column. For example:

 .. code-block:: bash

-  curl "http://localhost:3000/orders?select=count(),order_date"
-
-This would return a row for each unique value in the ``order_date`` column, with the count of all rows that share the same ``order_date``:
+  curl "http://localhost:3000/orders?select=count(),observation_count:observation.count(),order_date"

 .. code-block:: json

  [
    {
      "count": 4,
+      "observation_count": 2,
      "order_date": "2023-01-01"
    },
    {
      "count": 2,
+      "observation_count": 1,
      "order_date": "2023-01-02"
    }
  ]

-When ``count()`` is used with an associated column, its behavior is slightly different: It will return the count of all values that are not ``NULL``. This is due to how PostgreSQL itself implements the ``count()`` function.
-
-Renaming and Casting
-====================
-
-Renaming Aggregates
-------------------
-
-Just like with other columns, you can rename aggregated columns too. See :ref:`renaming_columns` for details.
-
-Renaming columns is especially helpful in the context of aggregate functions, as by default a column with an aggregate function applied will take on the name of the applied aggregate function. You may want to provide a more semantically meaningful name or prevent collisions when using multiple aggregate functions of the same type.
+Note that there is a difference between the result of ``count()`` and ``observation.count()``.
+The former counts the whole row, while the latter counts the non ``NULL`` values of the ``observation`` column (both grouped by ``order_date``).
+This is due to how PostgreSQL itself implements the ``count()`` function.

 Casting Aggregates
------------------
+==================

-When applying an aggregate function to a column, you are able to cast both the value of the input to the aggregate function *and* the value of the output from the aggregate function. In both cases, the syntax works as described in :ref:`casting_columns`, with the only difference being the placement of the cast.
+It is :ref:`possible to cast <casting_columns>` the aggregated column or the aggregate itself, or both at the same time.

-Casting the Value of the Input
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Casting the Aggregated Column
+-----------------------------

-For instance, imagine that the ``orders`` table has a JSON column, ``order_details``, and this column contains a JSON object that has a key, ``tax_amount``. Let's say you want to get the sum of the tax amount for every order. You can use the ``->`` or ``->>`` operators to extract the value with this key (see :ref:`json_columns`), but these operators will return values of the types JSON and ``text`` respectively, and neither of these types can be used with ``sum()``.
-
-Therefore, you will need to first cast the input value to a type that is compatible with ``sum()`` (e.g. ``numeric``). Casting the input value is done in exactly the same way as casting any other value:
+For example, let's say that ``orders`` has an ``order_details`` :ref:`JSON column <json_columns>` with a ``tax_amount`` key.
+We cannot sum ``tax_amount`` directly because using ``->`` or ``->>`` will return the data in ``json`` or ``text`` format.
+So we need to cast it to a compatible type (e.g. ``numeric``) right before the aggregate function:

 .. code-block:: bash

  curl "http://localhost:3000/orders?select=order_details->tax_amount::numeric.sum()"

-With this, you will receive the sum of the casted ``tax_amount`` value:
-
 .. code-block:: json

  [
@@ -120,17 +122,15 @@ With this, you will receive the sum of the casted ``tax_amount`` value:
    }
  ]

-Casting the Value of the Output
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Casting the Aggregate
+---------------------

-Now let's return to an example involving the ``amount`` column of the ``orders`` table. Imagine that we want to get the rounded average of the ``amount`` column. One way to do this is to use the ``avg()`` aggregate function and then to cast the output value of the function to ``int``. To cast the value of the output of the function, we simply place the cast *after* the aggregate function:
+For instance, if we wanted to round the average of the ``amount`` column, we could do so by casting ``avg()`` to an ``int``:

 .. code-block:: bash

  curl "http://localhost:3000/orders?select=amount.avg()::int"

-You will then receive the rounded average as the result:
-
 .. code-block:: json

  [
@@ -139,27 +139,22 @@ You will then receive the rounded average as the result:
    }
  ]

-Of course, you can use both input and output casts at the same time, if you so desire.
+Aggregates and Resource Embedding
+=================================

+You can group an aggregate function by an :ref:`embedded resource <resource_embedding>` and also use the aggregates inside them.

-Using Aggregate Functions with Resource Embedding
-=================================================
+Grouping by an Embedded Resource
+--------------------------------

-Aggregate functions can be used in conjunction with :ref:`resource_embedding`. You can use embedded resources as grouping columns, use aggregate functions within the context of an embedded resource, or use columns from a spreaded resource as grouping columns or as inputs to aggregate functions.
-
-Using Embedded Resources as Grouping Columns
--------------------------------------------
-
-Using an embedded resource as a grouping column allows you to use data from an association to group the results of an aggregation.
-
-For example, imagine that the ``orders`` table from the examples above is related to a ``customers`` table. If you want to get the sum of the ``amount`` column grouped by the ``name`` column from the ``customers`` table, you can include the customer name, using the standard :ref:`resource_embedding` syntax, and perform a sum on the ``amount`` column.
+Similar to grouping by columns, aggregate functions can also be grouped by embedded resources.
+For example, let's say that the ``orders`` table is related to a ``customers`` table.
+To get the sum of the ``amount`` column grouped by the ``name`` column from the ``customers`` table, we would do the following:

 .. code-block:: bash

  curl "http://localhost:3000/orders?select=amount.sum(),customers(name)"

-You will then get the summed amount, along with the embedded customer resource:
-
 .. code-block:: json

  [
@@ -177,15 +172,16 @@ You will then get the summed amount, along with the embedded customer resource:
    }
  ]

-.. note::
- The previous example uses a has-one association to demonstrate this functionality, but you may also use has-many associations as grouping columns, although there are few obvious use cases for this.
+The previous example uses a "to-one" relationship, but this can be done on "to-many" relationships as well (although there are few obvious use cases).

-Using Aggregate Functions Within the Context of an Embedded Resource
--------------------------------------------------------------------
+This also works in a similar way for :ref:`spread embedded resources <spread_embed>`.
+For example, ``select=amount.sum(),...customers(name)`` would sum the ``amount`` grouped by the ``name`` column.

-When embedding a resource, you can apply aggregate functions to columns from the associated resource to perform aggregations within the context of an embedded resource.
+Using Aggregates Inside Embedded Resources
+------------------------------------------

-Continuing with the example relationship between ``orders`` and ``customers`` from the previous section, imagine that you want to fetch the ``name``, ``city``, and ``state`` for each customer, along with the sum of amount of the customer's orders, grouped by the order date. This can be done in the following way:
+Using the relationship from the previous example, let's take all the ``customers`` and embed their ``orders``.
+If we also want to get the total ``amount`` grouped by the ``order_date`` of the ``orders``, we would do the following:

 .. code-block:: bash

@@ -226,51 +222,20 @@ Continuing with the example relationship between ``orders`` and ``customers`` fr
    }
  ]

-In this example, the ``amount`` column is summed and grouped by the ``order_date`` *within* the context of the embedded resource. That is, the ``name``, ``city``, and ``state`` from the ``customers`` table have no bearing on the aggregation performed in the context of the ``orders`` association; instead, each aggregation can be seen as being performed independently on just the orders belonging to a particular customer, using only the data from the embedded resource for both grouping and aggregation.
+Note that the aggregate is done within the embedded resource ``orders``.
+It is not affected by any of the columns from the top-level relationship ``customers``.

-Using Columns from a Spreaded Resource
--------------------------------------
+Using Aggregates in Spreads
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

-When you :ref:`spread an embedded resource <spread_embed>`, the columns from the spreaded resource are treated as if they were columns of the top-level resource, both when using them as grouping columns and when applying aggregate functions to them.
-
-Grouping with Columns from a Spreaded Resource
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-For instance, assume you want to sum the ``amount`` column from the ``orders`` table, using the ``city`` and ``state`` columns from the ``customers`` table as grouping columns. To achieve this, you may select these two columns from the ``customers`` table and spread them; they will then be used as grouping columns:
+All the aggregates inside a :ref:`spread embedded resource <spread_embed>` will be hoisted to the top-level relationship.
+In other words, it will behave as if the aggregate was done in the top-level relationship itself. For example:

 .. code-block:: bash

-  curl "http://localhost:3000/orders?select=amount.sum(),...customers(city,state)
+  curl "http://localhost:3000/orders?select=order_date,...customers(subscription_date.max(),subscription_date.min())

-The result will be the same as if ``city`` and ``state`` were columns from the ``orders`` table:
-
-.. code-block:: json
-
-  [
-    {
-      "sum": 2000.29,
-      "city": "New York",
-      "state": "NY"
-    },
-    {
-      "sum": 9241.21,
-      "city": "Los Angeles",
-      "state": "CA"
-    }
-  ]
-
-Aggregate Functions with Columns from a Spreaded Resource
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-Now imagine that the ``customers`` table has a ``joined_date`` column that represents the date that the customer joined. You want to get both the most recent and the oldest ``joined_date`` for customers that placed an order on every distinct order date. This can be expressed as follows:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-  curl "http://localhost:3000/orders?select=order_date,...customers(joined_date.max(),joined_date.min())
-
-As columns from a spreaded resource are treated as if they were columns from the top-level resource, the ``max()`` and ``min()`` are applied *within* the context of the top-level, rather than within the context of the embedded resource, as in the previous section.
-
-The result will be the same as if the aggregations were applied to columns from the top-level:
+This will take the ``max`` and ``min`` subscription date of every customer and group it by the ``order_date`` column:

 .. code-block:: json

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 Functions as RPC
 ================

-*"A single resource can be the equivalent of a database function, with the power to abstract state changes over any number of storage items"* -- `Roy T. Fielding <http://roy.gbiv.com/untangled/2008/rest-apis-must-be-hypertext-driven#comment-743>`_
+*"A single resource can be the equivalent of a database function, with the power to abstract state changes over any number of storage items"* -- `Roy T. Fielding <https://roy.gbiv.com/untangled/2008/rest-apis-must-be-hypertext-driven#comment-743>`_

 Functions can perform any operation allowed by PostgreSQL (read data, modify data, :ref:`raise errors <raise_error>`, and even DDL operations). Every function in the :ref:`exposed schema <schemas>` and accessible by the :ref:`active database role <roles>` is executable under the :code:`/rpc` prefix.

@@ -71,6 +71,40 @@ The function parameter names match the JSON object keys in the POST case, for th

 .. _function_single_json:

+Functions with an array of JSON objects
+----------------------------------------------
+
+If you want to pass multiple JSON objects to a Postgres function (an array of objects), you can create a function with a parameter of type ``json`` or ``jsonb``.
+
+Within the curl request, this JSON must be embedded in an object where they key matches the same name as the function's ``json`` or ``jsonb`` parameter.
+This will allow you to loop over the array of JSON objects within the Postgres function.
+
+This practice may allow you to reduce the number of ``curl`` requests required to accomplish a task.
+
+For instance, assume we have created this function in the database.
+
+.. code-block:: postgres
+
+  CREATE FUNCTION update_data(p_json jsonb)
+  RETURNS void AS $$
+  DECLARE
+    json_item json;
+  BEGIN
+    FOR json_item IN SELECT jsonb_array_elements(p_json) LOOP
+      UPDATE data_table SET data_text_column = (json_item->>'data_text')::text 
+        WHERE data_int_column = (json_item->>'data_int')::integer;
+    END LOOP;
+  END;
+  $$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE;
+
+A ``curl`` request using the POST method would look like the following:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+  curl "http://localhost:3000/rpc/update_data" \
+    -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+    -d '{ "p_json": [ { "data_text": "one", "data_int": "1" }, { "data_text": "two", "data_int": "2" } ] }'
+
 Functions with a single unnamed JSON parameter
 ----------------------------------------------

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The following preferences are supported.
 - ``Prefer: return``. See :ref:`prefer_return`.
 - ``Prefer: count``. See :ref:`prefer_count`.
 - ``Prefer: resolution``. See :ref:`prefer_resolution`.
- ``Prefer: missing``. See :ref:`bulk_insert_default`.
+- ``Prefer: missing``. See :ref:`prefer_missing`.
 - ``Prefer: max-affected``, See :ref:`prefer_max_affected`.
 - ``Prefer: tx``. See :ref:`prefer_tx`.
 - ``Prefer: params``. See :ref:`prefer_params`.
@@ -197,6 +197,47 @@ The ``tx`` preference can be set to specify if the :ref:`transaction <transactio
  {"id": 35, "name": "Project X"}


+.. _prefer_missing:
+
+Missing
+=======
+
+When doing ``POST`` and ``PATCH`` requests, any missing columns in the payload will be inserted as ``null`` value by default. To use the ``DEFAULT`` column value instead, use the ``Prefer: missing=default`` header.
+
+Having:
+
+.. code-block:: postgres
+
+  create table foo (
+    id bigint generated by default as identity primary key
+  , bar text
+  , baz int default 100
+  );
+
+A request:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+  curl "http://localhost:3000/foo?columns=id,bar,baz" \
+    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+    -H "Prefer: missing=default, return=representation" \
+    -d @- << EOF
+      [
+        { "bar": "val1" },
+        { "bar": "val2", "baz": 15 }
+      ]
+  EOF
+
+Will result in:
+
+.. code-block:: json
+
+  [
+    { "id":  1, "bar": "val1", "baz": 100 },
+    { "id":  2, "bar": "val2", "baz": 15 }
+  ]
+
+
 .. _prefer_max_affected:

 Max Affected
@@ -16,6 +16,32 @@ Use the Accept request header to specify the acceptable format (or formats) for
  curl "http://localhost:3000/people" \
    -H "Accept: application/json"

+.. note::
+  
+  The ordering of columns in the response isn't guaranteed to align with the order specified in the ``select`` clause. For example, with resource embedding:
+
+  .. code-block:: bash
+    
+    http://localhost:3000/films?select=directors(last_name,id),title
+  
+  We may get:
+
+  .. code-block:: bash
+
+    [
+      {
+        "title": "title",
+        "directors": {
+          "id": 5,
+          "last_name": "name"
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+
+  This is in line with the `JSON schema spec <https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-core#name-instance-data-model>`_:
+
+    *"object: An unordered set of properties mapping a string to an instance"*
+
 .. _builtin_media:

 Builtin Media Type Handlers
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ cs            :code:`@>`                contains e.g. :code:`?tags=cs.{example,
 cd            :code:`<@`                contained in e.g. :code:`?values=cd.{1,2,3}`
 ov            :code:`&&`                overlap (have points in common), e.g. :code:`?period=ov.[2017-01-01,2017-06-30]` –
                                        also supports array types, use curly braces instead of square brackets e.g.
-                                        :code: `?arr=ov.{1,3}`
+                                        :code:`?arr=ov.{1,3}`
 sl            :code:`<<`                strictly left of, e.g. :code:`?range=sl.(1,10)`
 sr            :code:`>>`                strictly right of
 nxr           :code:`&<`                does not extend to the right of, e.g. :code:`?range=nxr.(1,10)`
@@ -525,45 +525,6 @@ To bulk insert JSON post an array of objects having all-matching keys
    ]
  EOF

-.. _bulk_insert_default:
-
-Bulk Insert with Default Values
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-Any missing columns in the payload will be inserted as ``null`` values. To use the ``DEFAULT`` column value instead, use the ``Prefer: missing=default`` header.
-
-Having:
-
-.. code-block:: postgres
-
-  create table foo (
-    id bigint generated by default as identity primary key
-  , bar text
-  , baz int default 100
-  );
-
-A request:
-
-.. code-block:: bash
-
-  curl "http://localhost:3000/foo?columns=id,bar,baz" \
-    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-    -H "Prefer: missing=default, return=representation" \
-    -d @- << EOF
-      [
-        { "bar": "val1" },
-        { "bar": "val2", "baz": 15 }
-      ]
-  EOF
-
-Will result in:
-
-.. code-block:: json
-
-  [
-    { "id":  1, "bar": "val1", "baz": 100 },
-    { "id":  2, "bar": "val2", "baz": 15 }
-  ]

 .. _specify_columns:

@@ -606,7 +567,13 @@ To update a row or rows in a table, use the PATCH verb. Use :ref:`h_filter` to s
    -X PATCH -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d '{ "category": "child" }'

-Updates also support :ref:`prefer_return`, :ref:`resource_embedding` and :ref:`v_filter`.
+Updates also support:
+
+- :ref:`prefer_return`
+- :ref:`resource_embedding`
+- :ref:`v_filter`
+- :ref:`Missing Preference <prefer_missing>`
+- :ref:`specify_columns`

 .. warning::

@@ -623,18 +590,34 @@ You can make an upsert with :code:`POST` and the :code:`Prefer: resolution=merge

 .. code-block:: bash

-  curl "http://localhost:3000/employees" \
+  curl "http://localhost:3000/products" \
    -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -H "Prefer: resolution=merge-duplicates" \
    -d @- << EOF
    [
-      { "id": 1, "name": "Old employee 1", "salary": 30000 },
-      { "id": 2, "name": "Old employee 2", "salary": 42000 },
-      { "id": 3, "name": "New employee 3", "salary": 50000 }
+      { "sku": "CL2031", "name": "Existing T-shirt", "price": 35 },
+      { "sku": "CL2040", "name": "Existing Hoodie", "price": 60 },
+      { "sku": "AC1022", "name": "New Cap", "price": 30 }
    ]
  EOF

-By default, upsert operates based on the primary key columns, you must specify all of them. You can also choose to ignore the duplicates with :code:`Prefer: resolution=ignore-duplicates`. This works best when the primary key is natural, but it's also possible to use it if the primary key is surrogate (example: "id serial primary key"). For more details read `this issue <https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/issues/1118>`_.
+By default, upsert operates based on the primary key columns, so you must specify all of them.
+You can also choose to ignore the duplicates with :code:`Prefer: resolution=ignore-duplicates`.
+Upsert works best when the primary key is natural (e.g. ``sku``).
+However, it can work with surrogate primary keys (e.g. ``id serial primary key``), if you also do a :ref:`bulk_insert` with :ref:`prefer_missing`:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+  curl "http://localhost:3000/employees?colums=id,name,salary" \
+    -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+    -H "Prefer: resolution=merge-duplicates, missing=default" \
+    -d @- << EOF
+    [
+      { "id": 1, "name": "Existing employee 1", "salary": 30000 },
+      { "id": 2, "name": "Existing employee 2", "salary": 42000 },
+      { "name": "New employee 3", "salary": 50000 }
+    ]
+  EOF

 .. important::
  After creating a table or changing its primary key, you must refresh PostgREST schema cache for upsert to work properly. To learn how to refresh the cache see :ref:`schema_reloading`.
@@ -739,6 +722,7 @@ Using ``offset`` to target a different subset of rows is also possible.
      '#estimated-count': 'pagination_count.html#estimated-count',
      '#prefer-return-headers-only': 'preferences.html#headers-only',
      '#prefer-return-representation': 'preferences.html#full',
+      '#bulk-insert-default': 'preferences.html#prefer-missing',
    };

    let willRedirectTo = redirects[hash];
@@ -159,7 +159,15 @@ You can specify the literal value as we saw earlier, or reference a filename to
 JWT Claims Validation
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

-PostgREST honors the :code:`exp` claim for token expiration, rejecting expired tokens.
+PostgREST honors the following `JWT claims <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7519#section-4.1.4>`_:
+
+- ``exp`` Expiration Time
+- ``iat`` Issued At
+- ``nbf`` Not Before
+- ``aud`` Audience, see :ref:`jwt-aud`
+
+.. note::
+  PostgREST allows for a 30-second clock skew when validating the ``exp`` and ``iat`` claims. In other words, it gives an extra 30 seconds before the token is rejected if there is a slight discrepancy in the timestamps.

 JWT Security
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -135,14 +135,12 @@ To reload the configuration via signal, send a SIGUSR2 signal to the server proc
 Configuration Reload with NOTIFY
 --------------------------------

-To reload the configuration from within the database, you can use a NOTIFY command.
+To reload the configuration from within the database, you can use the ``NOTIFY`` command. See :ref:`listener`.

 .. code:: postgresql

   NOTIFY pgrst, 'reload config'

-The ``"pgrst"`` notification channel is enabled by default. You can name the channel with :ref:`db-channel` and enable or disable it with :ref:`db-channel-enabled`.
-
 .. _config_full_list:

 List of parameters
@@ -696,6 +694,7 @@ log-level
      log-level = "info"

      # All the above plus events for development purposes are logged
+      # Logs connection pool events and the schema cache parsing time
      log-level = "debug"

  Because currently there's no buffering for logging, the levels with minimal logging(``crit/error``) will increase throughput.
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+.. _listener:
+
+Listener
+########
+
+PostgREST uses `LISTEN <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-listen.html>`_ to reload its :ref:`Schema Cache <schema_reloading_notify>` and :ref:`Configuration <config_reloading_notify>` via `NOTIFY <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-notify.html>`_.
+This is useful in environments where you can’t send SIGUSR1 or SIGUSR2 Unix Signals.
+Like on cloud managed containers or on Windows systems.
+
+.. code:: postgresql
+
+  NOTIFY pgrst, 'reload schema'; -- reload schema cache
+  NOTIFY pgrst, 'reload config'; -- reload config
+  NOTIFY pgrst;                  -- reload both
+
+By default, the LISTEN channel is enabled (:ref:`db-channel-enabled`) and named ``pgrst`` (:ref:`db-channel`).
+
+Listener on Read Replicas
+=========================
+
+
+The ``LISTEN`` and ``NOTIFY`` commands do not work on PostgreSQL read replicas.
+Thus, if you connect PostgREST to a read replica the Listener will fail to start.
+
+.. code:: psql
+
+  -- check if the instance is a replica
+  postgres=# select pg_is_in_recovery();
+   pg_is_in_recovery
+  -------------------
+   t
+  (1 row)
+
+  postgres=# LISTEN pgrst;
+  ERROR:  cannot execute LISTEN during recovery
+
+To work around this, you can connect the Listener to the primary while still using the :ref:`connection_pool` on the replica.
+
+This can be done by using the standard `libpq multiple hosts <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-MULTIPLE-HOSTS>`_ and `target_session_attrs <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-TARGET-SESSION-ATTRS>`_ in your :ref:`connection string <db-uri>`.
+
+.. code:: bash
+
+  db-uri = "postgres://read_replica.host,primary.host/mydb?target_session_attrs=read-only"
+
+This will cause the :ref:`connection_pool` to connect to the read replica host and ``LISTEN`` on the fallback primary host.
+
+.. note::
+
+  Under the hood, PostgREST forces `target_session_attrs=read-write <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-TARGET-SESSION-ATTRS>`_ for the ``LISTEN`` session.
+
+.. _listener_automatic_recovery:
+
+Automatic Recovery
+==================
+
+The listener will retry reconnecting to the database if connection loss happens.
+
+- It will retry forever with exponential backoff, with a maximum backoff time of 32 seconds between retries. Each of these attempts are :ref:`logged <pgrst_logging>`.
+- Automatic recovery can be disabled by setting :ref:`db-pool-automatic-recovery` to ``false``.
+- To ensure a valid state, the listener reloads the :ref:`schema_cache` and :ref:`configuration` when recovering.
@@ -22,7 +22,11 @@ PostgREST logs basic request information to ``stdout``, including the authentica
   127.0.0.1 - user [26/Jul/2021:01:56:38 -0500] "GET /clients HTTP/1.1" 200 - "" "curl/7.64.0"
   127.0.0.1 - anonymous [26/Jul/2021:01:56:48 -0500] "GET /unexistent HTTP/1.1" 404 - "" "curl/7.64.0"

-For diagnostic information about the server itself, PostgREST logs to ``stderr``. It includes the server version and also the version of the connected PostgreSQL.
+For diagnostic information about the server itself, PostgREST logs to ``stderr``:
+
+  - The full version of the connected PostgreSQL database.
+  - :ref:`schema_cache` statistics.
+  - The messages received by the :ref:`listener`.

 .. code::

@@ -30,6 +34,12 @@ For diagnostic information about the server itself, PostgREST logs to ``stderr``
   06/May/2024:08:16:11 -0500: Attempting to connect to the database...
   06/May/2024:08:16:11 -0500: Successfully connected to PostgreSQL 14.10 (Ubuntu 14.10-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) 11.4.0, 64-bit
   06/May/2024:08:16:11 -0500: Listening on port 3000
+   06/May/2024:08:16:11 -0500: Listening for notifications on the "pgrst" channel
+   06/May/2024:08:16:11 -0500: Config reloaded
+   06/May/2024:08:16:11 -0500: Schema cache queried in 3.8 milliseconds
+   06/May/2024:08:16:11 -0500: Schema cache loaded 15 Relations, 8 Relationships, 8 Functions, 0 Domain Representations, 4 Media Type Handlers
+   06/May/2024:14:11:27 -0500: Received a config reload message on the "pgrst" channel
+   06/May/2024:14:11:27 -0500: Config reloaded

 Database Logs
 -------------
@@ -47,16 +47,12 @@ For docker you can do:
 Schema Cache Reloading with NOTIFY
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

-PostgREST also allows you to reload its schema cache through PostgreSQL `NOTIFY <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-notify.html>`_.
+To reload the schema cache from within the database, you can use the ``NOTIFY`` command. See :ref:`listener`.

 .. code-block:: postgres

  NOTIFY pgrst, 'reload schema'

-This is useful in environments where you can’t send the SIGUSR1 Unix Signal. Like on cloud managed containers or on Windows systems.
-
-The ``pgrst`` notification channel is enabled by default. For configuring the channel, see :ref:`db-channel` and :ref:`db-channel-enabled`.
-
 .. _auto_schema_reloading:

 Automatic Schema Cache Reloading
@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ sphinx-rtd-dark-mode>=1.3.0
 sphinx-tabs>=3.2.0
 sphinx>=5.0.2
 sphinxext-opengraph==0.9.1
-urllib3==2.2.1
+urllib3==2.2.3
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@

        .. code:: bash

-          nix-env -i haskellPackages.postgrest
+          nix-env -i postgrest

  .. group-tab:: Windows

@@ -17,12 +17,7 @@ To make an API we'll simply be building a database. All the endpoints and permis

 By the end of this tutorial you'll have a working database, PostgREST server, and a simple single-user todo list API.

-Step 1. Relax, we'll help
-------------------------
-
-As you begin the tutorial, pop open the project `chat room <https://gitter.im/begriffs/postgrest>`_ in another tab.  There are a nice group of people active in the project and we'll help you out if you get stuck.
-
-Step 2. Install PostgreSQL
+Step 1. Install PostgreSQL
 --------------------------

 If you're already familiar with using PostgreSQL and have it installed on your system you can use the existing installation (see :ref:`pg-dependency` for minimum requirements). For this tutorial we'll describe how to use the database in Docker because database configuration is otherwise too complicated for a simple tutorial.
@@ -48,7 +43,7 @@ This will run the Docker instance as a daemon and expose port 5432 to the host s
  In this case, you will need to change the **first** of the two 5432 to something else, for example to :code:`5433:5432`. Remember to also adjust the port in your config file in Step 5!


-Step 3. Install PostgREST
+Step 2. Install PostgREST
 -------------------------

 Using a Package Manager
@@ -122,7 +117,7 @@ If everything is working correctly it will print out its version and the availab
    </details>
    </p>

-Step 4. Create Database for API
+Step 3. Create Database for API
 -------------------------------

 Connect to the SQL console (psql) inside the container. To do so, run this from your command line:
@@ -185,7 +180,7 @@ Now quit out of psql; it's time to start the API!

  \q

-Step 5. Run PostgREST
+Step 4. Run PostgREST
 ---------------------

 PostgREST can use a configuration file to tell it how to connect to the database. Create a file :code:`tutorial.conf` with this inside:
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 {
  owner = "NixOS";
  repo = "nixpkgs";
-  date = "2024-04-20";
-  rev = "92d295f588631b0db2da509f381b4fb1e74173c5";
-  tarballHash = "162w28y4i5c8g5qhjvs827qxphf2a8n4c8fwhcywzl1j1a35h2im";
+  date = "2024-05-29";
+  rev = "a15e8d1b3d9e6496c4a3214e2104f6d28dfa7df7";
+  tarballHash = "sha256:0r4a4165f4n1zlpnyjrdrwrg86n1b6g3axsdh3j5iizpmjrlxmd7";
 }
@@ -57,7 +57,14 @@ let
          }
          { });

-      hasql-pool = lib.dontCheck prev.hasql-pool_1_0_1;
+      hasql-pool = lib.dontCheck (prev.callHackageDirect
+        {
+          pkg = "hasql-pool";
+          ver = "1.0.1";
+          sha256 = "sha256-Hf1f7lX0LWkjrb25SDBovCYPRdmUP1H6pAxzi7kT4Gg=";
+        }
+        { }
+      );

      postgresql-libpq = lib.dontCheck
        (prev.postgresql-libpq.override {
@@ -67,8 +74,8 @@ let
      hasql-notifications = lib.dontCheck (prev.callHackageDirect
        {
          pkg = "hasql-notifications";
-          ver = "0.2.2.0";
-          sha256 = "sha256-73OQ9/su2qvO7HavF3xuuNWLXSXyB9reBUQDaHys06I=";
+          ver = "0.2.2.2";
+          sha256 = "sha256-myKwlug7OgTa/qP6mHfCD+5Q8IhM17JvpJBfSo+M01k=";
        }
        { }
      );
@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@
 , aspellDicts
 , buildToolbox
 , checkedShellScript
-, imagemagick
 , python3
 , python3Packages
-, texlive
 , writers
 , plantuml
 }:
@@ -61,36 +59,15 @@ let
      '';

  render =
-    let
-      pdflatex = texlive.combine {
-        inherit (texlive)
-          amsmath
-          booktabs
-          cancel
-          gensymb
-          mathdots
-          multirow
-          pgf
-          pgf-blur
-          scheme-basic
-          siunitx
-          standalone
-          yhmath
-          ;
-      };
-    in
    checkedShellScript
      {
        name = "postgrest-docs-render";
        docs = "Render the diagrams.";
        workingDir = "/docs/_diagrams";
-        withTmpDir = true;
      }
      ''
-        ${pdflatex}/bin/pdflatex -halt-on-error -output-directory="$tmpdir" db.tex
-        ${imagemagick}/bin/convert -density 300 "$tmpdir/db.pdf" ../_static/db.png
-
-        ${plantuml}/bin/plantuml arch.uml -o ../_static
+        ${plantuml}/bin/plantuml -tsvg uml/*.uml -o ../../_static
+        ${plantuml}/bin/plantuml -tsvg -darkmode uml/dark/*.uml -o ../../../_static
      '';

  server =
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 name:               postgrest
-version:            12.2.0
+version:            12.2.10
 synopsis:           REST API for any Postgres database
 description:        Reads the schema of a PostgreSQL database and creates RESTful routes
                    for tables, views, and functions, supporting all HTTP methods that security
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ library
                    , gitrev                    >= 1.2 && < 1.4
                    , hasql                     >= 1.6.1.1 && < 1.7
                    , hasql-dynamic-statements  >= 0.3.1 && < 0.4
-                    , hasql-notifications       >= 0.2.2.0 && < 0.3
+                    , hasql-notifications       >= 0.2.2.2 && < 0.2.3
                    , hasql-pool                >= 1.0.1 && < 1.1
                    , hasql-transaction         >= 1.0.1 && < 1.1
                    , heredoc                   >= 0.2 && < 0.3
@@ -68,14 +68,14 @@ run appState = do

  observer $ AppStartObs prettyVersion

-  AppState.connectionWorker appState
-  Unix.installSignalHandlers (AppState.getMainThreadId appState) (AppState.connectionWorker appState) (AppState.reReadConfig False appState)
+  AppState.schemaCacheLoader appState -- Loads the initial SchemaCache
+  Unix.installSignalHandlers (AppState.getMainThreadId appState) (AppState.schemaCacheLoader appState) (AppState.readInDbConfig False appState)

  Listener.runListener appState

  Admin.runAdmin appState (serverSettings conf)

-  let app = postgrest configLogLevel appState (AppState.connectionWorker appState)
+  let app = postgrest configLogLevel appState (AppState.schemaCacheLoader appState)

  case configServerUnixSocket of
    Just path -> do
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 module PostgREST.AppState
  ( AppState
  , AuthResult(..)
+  , JwtCacheState(..)
  , destroy
  , getConfig
  , getSchemaCache
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ module PostgREST.AppState
  , getNextDelay
  , getNextListenerDelay
  , getTime
-  , getJwtCache
+  , getJwtCacheState
  , getSocketREST
  , getSocketAdmin
  , init
@@ -24,12 +25,11 @@ module PostgREST.AppState
  , putPgVersion
  , putIsListenerOn
  , usePool
-  , reReadConfig
-  , connectionWorker
+  , readInDbConfig
+  , schemaCacheLoader
  , getObserver
  , isLoaded
  , isPending
-  , waitForListenerCanStart
  ) where

 import qualified Data.Aeson                 as JSON
@@ -84,23 +84,25 @@ data AuthResult = AuthResult
  , authRole   :: BS.ByteString
  }

+-- | JWT Cache and IO action that triggers purging old entries from the cache
+data JwtCacheState = JwtCacheState
+  { jwtCache   :: C.Cache ByteString AuthResult
+  , purgeCache :: IO ()
+  }
+
 data AppState = AppState
  -- | Database connection pool
  { statePool              :: SQL.Pool
-  -- | Database server version, will be updated by the connectionWorker
+  -- | Database server version
  , statePgVersion         :: IORef PgVersion
-  -- | No schema cache at the start. Will be filled in by the connectionWorker
+  -- | Schema cache
  , stateSchemaCache       :: IORef (Maybe SchemaCache)
  -- | The schema cache status
  , stateSCacheStatus      :: IORef SchemaCacheStatus
-  -- | The connection status
-  , stateConnStatus           :: IORef ConnectionStatus
  -- | State of the LISTEN channel
  , stateIsListenerOn      :: IORef Bool
  -- | starts the connection worker with a debounce
-  , debouncedConnectionWorker :: IO ()
-  -- | Binary semaphore used to sync the listener with the connectionWorker.
-  , stateListenerCanStart     :: MVar ()
+  , debouncedSCacheLoader  :: IO ()
  -- | Config that can change at runtime
  , stateConf              :: IORef AppConfig
  -- | Time used for verifying JWT expiration
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ data AppState = AppState
  -- | Keeps track of the next delay for the listener
  , stateNextListenerDelay :: IORef Int
  -- | JWT Cache
-  , jwtCache                  :: C.Cache ByteString AuthResult
+  , jwtCacheState          :: JwtCacheState
  -- | Network socket for REST API
  , stateSocketREST        :: NS.Socket
  -- | Network socket for the admin UI
@@ -129,15 +131,8 @@ data SchemaCacheStatus
  | SCPending
  deriving Eq

-- | Current database connection status
-data ConnectionStatus
-  = ConnEstablished
-  | ConnPending
-  deriving Eq
-
 type AppSockets = (NS.Socket, Maybe NS.Socket)

-
 init :: AppConfig -> IO AppState
 init conf@AppConfig{configLogLevel, configDbPoolSize} = do
  loggerState  <- Logger.init
@@ -151,36 +146,44 @@ init conf@AppConfig{configLogLevel, configDbPoolSize} = do

 initWithPool :: AppSockets -> SQL.Pool -> AppConfig -> Logger.LoggerState -> Metrics.MetricsState -> ObservationHandler -> IO AppState
 initWithPool (sock, adminSock) pool conf loggerState metricsState observer = do
+  cache <- C.newCache Nothing
+  -- purgeExpired has O(n^2) complexity
+  -- so we wrap it in debounce to make sure it:
+  -- 1) is executed asynchronously
+  -- 2) only a single purge operation is running at a time
+  debounce <- mkDebounce defaultDebounceSettings
+    -- debounceFreq is set to default 1 second
+    { debounceAction = C.purgeExpired cache
+    , debounceEdge = leadingEdge
+    }

  appState <- AppState pool
    <$> newIORef minimumPgVersion -- assume we're in a supported version when starting, this will be corrected on a later step
    <*> newIORef Nothing
    <*> newIORef SCPending
-    <*> newIORef ConnPending
    <*> newIORef False
    <*> pure (pure ())
-    <*> newEmptyMVar
    <*> newIORef conf
    <*> mkAutoUpdate defaultUpdateSettings { updateAction = getCurrentTime }
    <*> myThreadId
    <*> newIORef 0
    <*> newIORef 1
-    <*> C.newCache Nothing
+    <*> pure (JwtCacheState cache debounce)
    <*> pure sock
    <*> pure adminSock
    <*> pure observer
    <*> pure loggerState
    <*> pure metricsState

-  debWorker <-
+  deb <-
    let decisecond = 100000 in
    mkDebounce defaultDebounceSettings
-       { debounceAction = internalConnectionWorker appState
+       { debounceAction = retryingSchemaCacheLoad appState
       , debounceFreq = decisecond
       , debounceEdge = leadingEdge -- runs the worker at the start and the end
       }

-  return appState { debouncedConnectionWorker = debWorker}
+  return appState { debouncedSCacheLoader = deb}

 destroy :: AppState -> IO ()
 destroy = destroyPool
@@ -279,8 +282,9 @@ usePool AppState{stateObserver=observer, stateMainThreadId=mainThreadId, ..} ses
        SQL.ServerError{} ->
          when (Error.status (Error.PgError False err) >= HTTP.status500) $
            observer $ QueryErrorCodeHighObs err
-    SQL.SessionUsageError (SQL.QueryError _ _ (SQL.ClientError _)) ->
-      pure ()
+    err@(SQL.SessionUsageError (SQL.QueryError _ _ (SQL.ClientError _))) ->
+      -- An error on the client-side, usually indicates problems wth connection
+        observer $ QueryErrorCodeHighObs err
    )

  return res
@@ -306,41 +310,18 @@ getSchemaCache = readIORef . stateSchemaCache
 putSchemaCache :: AppState -> Maybe SchemaCache -> IO ()
 putSchemaCache appState = atomicWriteIORef (stateSchemaCache appState)

-connectionWorker :: AppState -> IO ()
-connectionWorker = debouncedConnectionWorker
+schemaCacheLoader :: AppState -> IO ()
+schemaCacheLoader = debouncedSCacheLoader

 getNextDelay :: AppState -> IO Int
 getNextDelay = readIORef . stateNextDelay

-putNextDelay :: AppState -> Int -> IO ()
-putNextDelay = atomicWriteIORef . stateNextDelay
-
 getNextListenerDelay :: AppState -> IO Int
 getNextListenerDelay = readIORef . stateNextListenerDelay

 putNextListenerDelay :: AppState -> Int -> IO ()
 putNextListenerDelay = atomicWriteIORef . stateNextListenerDelay

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------IMPORTANT----------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Both of these function ensure there's no parallel connection attempts between the listener and the connection pool.
-- Doing that raised an error with GSSAPI as discussed on https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/issues/3569.
-- Until the root cause is found and solved, we need to prevent parallel connection attempts.
-
-- tryPutMVar doesn't lock the thread. It should always succeed since
-- the connectionWorker is the only mvar producer.
-setListenerCanStart :: AppState -> IO ()
-setListenerCanStart appState = void $ tryPutMVar (stateListenerCanStart appState) ()
-
-- | As this IO action uses `takeMVar` internally, it will only return once
-- `stateListenerCanStart` has been set using `setListenerCanStart`.
-waitForListenerCanStart :: AppState -> IO ()
-waitForListenerCanStart = takeMVar . stateListenerCanStart
-
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 getConfig :: AppState -> IO AppConfig
 getConfig = readIORef . stateConf

@@ -350,8 +331,8 @@ putConfig = atomicWriteIORef . stateConf
 getTime :: AppState -> IO UTCTime
 getTime = stateGetTime

-getJwtCache :: AppState -> C.Cache ByteString AuthResult
-getJwtCache = jwtCache
+getJwtCacheState :: AppState -> JwtCacheState
+getJwtCacheState = jwtCacheState

 getSocketREST :: AppState -> NS.Socket
 getSocketREST = stateSocketREST
@@ -362,53 +343,81 @@ getSocketAdmin = stateSocketAdmin
 getMainThreadId :: AppState -> ThreadId
 getMainThreadId = stateMainThreadId

-getIsListenerOn :: AppState -> IO Bool
-getIsListenerOn appState = do
+isConnEstablished :: AppState -> IO Bool
+isConnEstablished appState = do
  AppConfig{..} <- getConfig appState
-  if configDbChannelEnabled then
+  if configDbChannelEnabled then -- if the listener is enabled, we can be sure the connection is up
    readIORef $ stateIsListenerOn appState
-  else
-    pure True
+  else -- otherwise the only way to check the connection is to make a query
+    isRight <$> usePool appState (SQL.sql "SELECT 1")

 putIsListenerOn :: AppState -> Bool -> IO ()
 putIsListenerOn = atomicWriteIORef . stateIsListenerOn

-isConnEstablished :: AppState -> IO Bool
-isConnEstablished x = do
-  conf <- getConfig x
-  if configDbChannelEnabled conf
-    then do -- if the listener is enabled, we can be sure the connection status is always up to date
-      st <- readIORef $ stateConnStatus x
-      return $ st == ConnEstablished
-    else    -- otherwise the only way to check the connection is to make a query
-      isRight <$> usePool x (SQL.sql "SELECT 1")
-
 isLoaded :: AppState -> IO Bool
 isLoaded x = do
  scacheStatus <- readIORef $ stateSCacheStatus x
  connEstablished <- isConnEstablished x
-  listenerOn <- getIsListenerOn x
-  return $ scacheStatus == SCLoaded && connEstablished && listenerOn
+  return $ scacheStatus == SCLoaded && connEstablished

 isPending :: AppState -> IO Bool
 isPending x = do
  scacheStatus <- readIORef $ stateSCacheStatus x
-  connStatus <- readIORef $ stateConnStatus x
-  listenerOn <- getIsListenerOn x
-  return $ scacheStatus == SCPending || connStatus == ConnPending || not listenerOn
+  connEstablished <- isConnEstablished x
+  return $ scacheStatus == SCPending || not connEstablished

 putSCacheStatus :: AppState -> SchemaCacheStatus -> IO ()
 putSCacheStatus = atomicWriteIORef . stateSCacheStatus

-putConnStatus :: AppState -> ConnectionStatus -> IO ()
-putConnStatus = atomicWriteIORef . stateConnStatus
-
 getObserver :: AppState -> ObservationHandler
 getObserver = stateObserver

-- | Load the SchemaCache by using a connection from the pool.
-loadSchemaCache :: AppState -> IO SchemaCacheStatus
-loadSchemaCache appState@AppState{stateObserver=observer} = do
+-- | Try to load the schema cache and retry if it fails.
+--
+-- This is done by repeatedly: 1) flushing the pool, 2) querying the version and validating that the postgres version is supported by us, and 3) loading the schema cache.
+-- It's necessary to flush the pool:
+--
+-- + Because connections cache the pg catalog(see #2620)
+-- + For rapid recovery. Otherwise, the pool idle or lifetime timeout would have to be reached for new healthy connections to be acquired.
+retryingSchemaCacheLoad :: AppState -> IO ()
+retryingSchemaCacheLoad appState@AppState{stateObserver=observer, stateMainThreadId=mainThreadId} =
+  void $ retrying retryPolicy shouldRetry (\RetryStatus{rsIterNumber, rsPreviousDelay} -> do
+    when (rsIterNumber > 0) $ do
+      let delay = fromMaybe 0 rsPreviousDelay `div` oneSecondInUs
+      observer $ ConnectionRetryObs delay
+      putNextListenerDelay appState delay
+
+    flushPool appState
+
+    (,) <$> qPgVersion <*> (qInDbConfig *> qSchemaCache)
+  )
+  where
+    qPgVersion :: IO (Maybe PgVersion)
+    qPgVersion = do
+      AppConfig{..} <- getConfig appState
+      pgVersion <- usePool appState (queryPgVersion False) -- No need to prepare the query here, as the connection might not be established
+      case pgVersion of
+        Left e -> do
+          observer $ QueryPgVersionError e
+          unless configDbPoolAutomaticRecovery $ do
+            observer ExitDBNoRecoveryObs
+            killThread mainThreadId
+          return Nothing
+        Right actualPgVersion -> do
+          when (actualPgVersion < minimumPgVersion) $ do
+            observer $ ExitUnsupportedPgVersion actualPgVersion minimumPgVersion
+            killThread mainThreadId
+          observer $ DBConnectedObs $ pgvFullName actualPgVersion
+          putPgVersion appState actualPgVersion
+          return $ Just actualPgVersion
+
+    qInDbConfig :: IO ()
+    qInDbConfig = do
+      AppConfig{..} <- getConfig appState
+      when configDbConfig $ readInDbConfig False appState
+
+    qSchemaCache :: IO (Maybe SchemaCache)
+    qSchemaCache = do
      conf@AppConfig{..} <- getConfig appState
      (resultTime, result) <-
        let transaction = if configDbPreparedStatements then SQL.transaction else SQL.unpreparedTransaction in
@@ -418,7 +427,7 @@ loadSchemaCache appState@AppState{stateObserver=observer} = do
          putSCacheStatus appState SCPending
          putSchemaCache appState Nothing
          observer $ SchemaCacheErrorObs e
-      return SCPending
+          return Nothing

        Right sCache -> do
          -- IMPORTANT: While the pending schema cache state starts from running the above querySchemaCache, only at this stage we block API requests due to the usage of an
@@ -429,108 +438,30 @@ loadSchemaCache appState@AppState{stateObserver=observer} = do
          (t, _) <- timeItT $ observer $ SchemaCacheSummaryObs $ showSummary sCache
          observer $ SchemaCacheLoadedObs t
          putSCacheStatus appState SCLoaded
-      return SCLoaded
+          return $ Just sCache

-- | The purpose of this worker is to obtain a healthy connection to pg and an
-- up-to-date schema cache(SchemaCache).  This method is meant to be called
-- multiple times by the same thread, but does nothing if the previous
-- invocation has not terminated. In all cases this method does not halt the
-- calling thread, the work is performed in a separate thread.
--
-- Background thread that does the following :
--  1. Tries to connect to pg server and will keep trying until success.
--  2. Checks if the pg version is supported and if it's not it kills the main
--     program.
--  3. Obtains the sCache. If this fails, it goes back to 1.
-internalConnectionWorker :: AppState -> IO ()
-internalConnectionWorker appState@AppState{stateObserver=observer, stateMainThreadId=mainThreadId} = work
-  where
-    work = do
+    shouldRetry :: RetryStatus -> (Maybe PgVersion, Maybe SchemaCache) -> IO Bool
+    shouldRetry _ (pgVer, sCache) = do
      AppConfig{..} <- getConfig appState
-      observer DBConnectAttemptObs
-      connStatus <- establishConnection appState
-      case connStatus of
-        ConnPending ->
-          unless configDbPoolAutomaticRecovery $ do
-            observer ExitDBNoRecoveryObs
-            killThread mainThreadId
-        ConnEstablished -> do
-          actualPgVersion <- getPgVersion appState
-          when (actualPgVersion < minimumPgVersion) $ do
-            observer $ ExitUnsupportedPgVersion actualPgVersion minimumPgVersion
-            killThread mainThreadId
-          observer (DBConnectedObs $ pgvFullName actualPgVersion)
-          -- Wake up the Listener
-          when configDbChannelEnabled $
-            setListenerCanStart appState
-          -- this could be fail because the connection drops, but the loadSchemaCache will pick the error and retry again
-          -- We cannot retry after it fails immediately, because db-pre-config could have user errors. We just log the error and continue.
-          when configDbConfig $ reReadConfig False appState
-          scStatus <- loadSchemaCache appState
-          case scStatus of
-            SCLoaded ->
-              -- do nothing and proceed if the load was successful
-              return ()
-            SCPending ->
-              -- retry reloading the schema cache
-              work
-
-- | Repeatedly flush the pool, and check if a connection from the
-- pool allows access to the PostgreSQL database.
--
-- Releasing the pool is key for rapid recovery. Otherwise, the pool
-- timeout would have to be reached for new healthy connections to be acquired.
-- Which might not happen if the server is busy with requests. No idle
-- connection, no pool timeout.
--
-- It's also necessary to release the pool connections because they cache the pg catalog(see #2620)
--
-- The connection tries are capped, but if the connection times out no error is
-- thrown, just 'False' is returned.
-establishConnection :: AppState -> IO ConnectionStatus
-establishConnection appState@AppState{stateObserver=observer} =
-  retrying retryPolicy shouldRetry $
-    const $ flushPool appState >> getConnectionStatus
-  where
-    getConnectionStatus :: IO ConnectionStatus
-    getConnectionStatus = do
-      pgVersion <- usePool appState (queryPgVersion False) -- No need to prepare the query here, as the connection might not be established
-      case pgVersion of
-        Left e -> do
-          observer $ ConnectionPgVersionErrorObs e
-          putConnStatus appState ConnPending
-          return ConnPending
-        Right version -> do
-          putConnStatus appState ConnEstablished
-          putPgVersion appState version
-          return ConnEstablished
-
-    shouldRetry :: RetryStatus -> ConnectionStatus -> IO Bool
-    shouldRetry rs isConnSucc = do
-      AppConfig{..} <- getConfig appState
-      let
-        delay = fromMaybe 0 (rsPreviousDelay rs) `div` oneSecondInUs
-        itShould = ConnPending == isConnSucc && configDbPoolAutomaticRecovery
-      when itShould $ observer $ ConnectionRetryObs delay
-      when itShould $ putNextDelay appState delay
+      let itShould = configDbPoolAutomaticRecovery && (isNothing pgVer || isNothing sCache)
      return itShould

    retryPolicy :: RetryPolicy
    retryPolicy =
-      let
-        delayMicroseconds = 32000000 -- 32 seconds
-      in
+      let delayMicroseconds = 32*oneSecondInUs {-32 seconds-} in
      capDelay delayMicroseconds $ exponentialBackoff oneSecondInUs
-    oneSecondInUs = 1000000 -- | One second in microseconds

-- | Re-reads the config plus config options from the db
-reReadConfig :: Bool -> AppState -> IO ()
-reReadConfig startingUp appState@AppState{stateObserver=observer} = do
-  AppConfig{..} <- getConfig appState
+    oneSecondInUs = 1000000 -- one second in microseconds
+
+-- | Reads the in-db config and reads the config file again
+-- | We don't retry reading the in-db config after it fails immediately, because it could have user errors. We just report the error and continue.
+readInDbConfig :: Bool -> AppState -> IO ()
+readInDbConfig startingUp appState@AppState{stateObserver=observer, jwtCacheState=JwtCacheState{jwtCache}} = do
+  conf <- getConfig appState
  pgVer <- getPgVersion appState
  dbSettings <-
-    if configDbConfig then do
-      qDbSettings <- usePool appState (queryDbSettings (dumpQi <$> configDbPreConfig) configDbPreparedStatements)
+    if configDbConfig conf then do
+      qDbSettings <- usePool appState (queryDbSettings (dumpQi <$> configDbPreConfig conf) (configDbPreparedStatements conf))
      case qDbSettings of
        Left e -> do
          observer $ ConfigReadErrorObs e
@@ -539,8 +470,8 @@ reReadConfig startingUp appState@AppState{stateObserver=observer} = do
    else
      pure mempty
  (roleSettings, roleIsolationLvl) <-
-    if configDbConfig then do
-      rSettings <- usePool appState (queryRoleSettings pgVer configDbPreparedStatements)
+    if configDbConfig conf then do
+      rSettings <- usePool appState (queryRoleSettings pgVer (configDbPreparedStatements conf))
      case rSettings of
        Left e -> do
          observer $ QueryRoleSettingsErrorObs e
@@ -548,7 +479,7 @@ reReadConfig startingUp appState@AppState{stateObserver=observer} = do
        Right x -> pure x
    else
      pure mempty
-  readAppConfig dbSettings configFilePath (Just configDbUri) roleSettings roleIsolationLvl >>= \case
+  readAppConfig dbSettings (configFilePath conf) (Just $ configDbUri conf) roleSettings roleIsolationLvl >>= \case
    Left err   ->
      if startingUp then
        panic err -- die on invalid config if the program is starting up
@@ -556,6 +487,14 @@ reReadConfig startingUp appState@AppState{stateObserver=observer} = do
        observer $ ConfigInvalidObs err
    Right newConf -> do
      putConfig appState newConf
+      -- After the config has reloaded, jwt-secret might have changed, so
+      -- if it has changed, it is important to invalidate the jwt cache
+      -- entries, because they were cached using the old secret
+      if configJwtSecret conf == configJwtSecret newConf then
+        pass
+      else
+        C.purge jwtCache -- atomic O(1) operation
+
      if startingUp then
        pass
      else
@@ -44,8 +44,9 @@ import System.Clock            (TimeSpec (..))
 import System.IO.Unsafe        (unsafePerformIO)
 import System.TimeIt           (timeItT)

-import PostgREST.AppState (AppState, AuthResult (..), getConfig,
-                           getJwtCache, getTime)
+import PostgREST.AppState (AppState, AuthResult (..),
+                           JwtCacheState (..), getConfig,
+                           getJwtCacheState, getTime)
 import PostgREST.Config   (AppConfig (..), JSPath, JSPathExp (..))
 import PostgREST.Error    (Error (..))

@@ -131,11 +132,35 @@ middleware appState app req respond = do
 -- | Used to retrieve and insert JWT to JWT Cache
 getJWTFromCache :: AppState -> ByteString -> Int -> IO (Either Error AuthResult) -> UTCTime -> IO (Either Error AuthResult)
 getJWTFromCache appState token maxLifetime parseJwt utc = do
-  checkCache <- C.lookup (getJwtCache appState) token
+  let JwtCacheState{..} = getJwtCacheState appState
+  checkCache <- C.lookup jwtCache token
  authResult <- maybe parseJwt (pure . Right) checkCache

  case (authResult,checkCache) of
-    (Right res, Nothing) -> C.insert' (getJwtCache appState) (getTimeSpec res maxLifetime utc) token res
+    -- From comment:
+    -- https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/pull/3801#discussion_r1857987914
+    --
+    -- We purge expired cache entries on a cache miss
+    -- The reasoning is that:
+    --
+    -- 1. We expect it to be rare (otherwise there is no point of the cache)
+    -- 2. It makes sure the cache is not growing (as inserting new entries
+    --    does garbage collection)
+    -- 3. Since this is time expiration based cache there is no real risk of
+    --    starvation - sooner or later we are going to have a cache miss.
+
+    (Right res, Nothing) -> do -- cache miss
+
+      let timeSpec = getTimeSpec res maxLifetime utc
+
+      -- insert new cache entry
+      C.insert' jwtCache timeSpec token res
+
+      -- Execute IO action to purge the cache
+      -- It is assumed this action returns immidiately
+      -- so that request processing is not blocked.
+      purgeCache
+
    _                    -> pure ()

  return authResult
@@ -42,9 +42,11 @@ main CLI{cliCommand, cliPath} = do
    AppState.destroy
    (\appState -> case cliCommand of
      CmdDumpConfig -> do
-        when configDbConfig $ AppState.reReadConfig True appState
+        when configDbConfig $ AppState.readInDbConfig True appState
        putStr . Config.toText =<< AppState.getConfig appState
-      CmdDumpSchema -> putStrLn =<< dumpSchema appState
+      CmdDumpSchema -> do
+        when configDbConfig $ AppState.readInDbConfig True appState
+        putStrLn =<< dumpSchema appState
      CmdRun -> App.run appState)

 -- | Dump SchemaCache schema to JSON
@@ -27,16 +27,10 @@ runListener appState = do
 -- | Starts a LISTEN connection and handles notifications. It recovers with exponential backoff with a cap of 32 seconds, if the LISTEN connection is lost.
 retryingListen :: AppState -> IO ()
 retryingListen appState = do
-  AppState.waitForListenerCanStart appState
  AppConfig{..} <- AppState.getConfig appState
  let
    dbChannel = toS configDbChannel
    handleFinally err = do
-      -- assume we lost notifications, call the connection worker which will also reload the schema cache
-      -- and will setListenerCanStart again
-      -- TODO: When the connection error is only on the Listener, it's wasteful to call the connectionWorker everytime.
-      AppState.connectionWorker appState
-
      AppState.putIsListenerOn appState False
      observer $ DBListenFail dbChannel (Right err)
      unless configDbPoolAutomaticRecovery $
@@ -60,6 +54,8 @@ retryingListen appState = do

        delay <- AppState.getNextListenerDelay appState
        when (delay > 1) $ do -- if we did a retry
+          -- assume we lost notifications, refresh the schema cache
+          AppState.schemaCacheLoader appState
          -- reset the delay
          AppState.putNextListenerDelay appState 1

@@ -78,8 +74,8 @@ retryingListen appState = do
    handleNotification channel msg =
      if | BS.null msg            -> observer (DBListenerGotSCacheMsg channel) >> cacheReloader
         | msg == "reload schema" -> observer (DBListenerGotSCacheMsg channel) >> cacheReloader
-         | msg == "reload config" -> observer (DBListenerGotConfigMsg channel) >> AppState.reReadConfig False appState
+         | msg == "reload config" -> observer (DBListenerGotConfigMsg channel) >> AppState.readInDbConfig False appState
         | otherwise              -> pure () -- Do nothing if anything else than an empty message is sent

    cacheReloader =
-      AppState.connectionWorker appState
+      AppState.schemaCacheLoader appState
@@ -87,9 +87,6 @@ observationLogger loggerState logLevel obs = case obs of
  o@(HasqlPoolObs _) -> do
    when (logLevel >= LogDebug) $ do
      logWithZTime loggerState $ observationMessage o
-  o@(SchemaCacheLoadedObs _) -> do
-    when (logLevel >= LogDebug) $ do
-      logWithZTime loggerState $ observationMessage o
  PoolRequest ->
    pure ()
  PoolRequestFullfilled ->
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {-# LANGUAGE DeriveAnyClass        #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric         #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE DuplicateRecordFields #-}
-
+{-# OPTIONS_GHC -Wno-unused-do-bind #-}
 module PostgREST.MediaType
  ( MediaType(..)
  , MTVndPlanOption (..)
@@ -13,14 +13,13 @@ module PostgREST.MediaType

 import qualified Data.Aeson                    as JSON
 import qualified Data.ByteString               as BS
-
-import Network.HTTP.Types.Header (Header, hContentType)
+import qualified Data.Text                     as T
+import qualified Text.ParserCombinators.Parsec as P

 import Data.Map                  (fromList, (!?))
-import qualified Data.Text          as T (break, drop, dropWhile,
-                                          dropWhileEnd, null, splitOn,
-                                          toLower)
 import Data.Text.Encoding        (decodeLatin1)
+import Network.HTTP.Types.Header (Header, hContentType)
+
 import Protolude

 -- | Enumeration of currently supported media types
@@ -104,6 +103,9 @@ toMimePlanFormat PlanText = "text"
 -- >>> decodeMediaType "application/vnd.pgrst.plan;for=\"application/json\""
 -- MTVndPlan MTApplicationJSON PlanText []
 --
+-- >>> decodeMediaType "application/vnd.pgrst.plan ; for=\"text/xml\" ; options=analyze"
+-- MTVndPlan MTTextXML PlanText [PlanAnalyze]
+--
 -- >>> decodeMediaType "application/vnd.pgrst.plan+json;for=\"text/csv\""
 -- MTVndPlan MTTextCSV PlanJSON []
 --
@@ -150,7 +152,10 @@ decodeMediaType mt = decodeMediaType' $ decodeLatin1 mt
        ("*","*",_)                                 -> MTAny
        _                                           -> MTOther mt'
      where
-        (mainType, subType, params') = tokenizeMediaType mt'
+        mediaTypeOrError = P.parse tokenizeMediaType "parsec: tokenizeMediaType failed" $ T.unpack mt'
+        (mainType, subType, params') = case mediaTypeOrError of
+          Right mt'' -> mt''
+          Left _     -> (mt',"",[])
        params = fromList $ map (first T.toLower) params' -- normalize parameter names to lowercase, per RFC 7321
        getPlan fmt = MTVndPlan mtFor fmt $
          [PlanAnalyze  | inOpts "analyze" ] ++
@@ -166,21 +171,39 @@ decodeMediaType mt = decodeMediaType' $ decodeLatin1 mt
        checkArrayNullStrip = if strippedNulls then MTVndArrayJSONStrip else MTApplicationJSON

 -- | Split a Media Type string into components
-- >>> tokenizeMediaType "application/vnd.pgrst.plan+json;for=\"text/csv\""
-- ("application","vnd.pgrst.plan+json",[("for","text/csv")])
-- >>> tokenizeMediaType "*/*"
-- ("*","*",[])
-- >>> tokenizeMediaType "application/vnd.pgrst.plan;wat=\"application/json;text/csv\""
-- ("application","vnd.pgrst.plan",[("wat","application/json"),("text/csv\"","")])
-tokenizeMediaType :: Text -> (Text, Text, [(Text, Text)])
-tokenizeMediaType t = (mainType, subType, params)
+-- >>> P.parse tokenizeMediaType "" "application/vnd.pgrst.plan+json;for=\"text/csv\""
+-- Right ("application","vnd.pgrst.plan+json",[("for","text/csv")])
+--
+-- >>> P.parse tokenizeMediaType "" "*/*"
+-- Right ("*","*",[])
+--
+-- >>> P.parse tokenizeMediaType "" "application/vnd.pgrst.plan;wat=\"application/json;text/csv\""
+-- Right ("application","vnd.pgrst.plan",[("wat","application/json;text/csv")])
+--
+-- >>> P.parse tokenizeMediaType "" "application/vnd.pgrst.plan+text; for=\"text/xml\"; options=analyze|verbose|settings|buffers|wal"
+-- Right ("application","vnd.pgrst.plan+text",[("for","text/xml"),("options","analyze|verbose|settings|buffers|wal")])
+
+tokenizeMediaType :: P.Parser (Text, Text, [(Text, Text)])
+tokenizeMediaType = do
+  mainType <- P.many1 (P.alphaNum <|> P.oneOf ".*")
+  P.char '/'
+  subType <- P.many1 (P.alphaNum <|> P.oneOf ".*+-")
+  params <- P.many pSemicolonSeparatedKeyVals
+  P.optional $ P.try $ P.spaces *> P.char ';' -- ending semicolon
+  P.eof
+  return (T.pack mainType, T.pack subType, params)
    where
-    (mainType, rest) = T.break (== '/') t
-    (subType, restParams) = T.break (== ';') $ T.drop 1 rest
-    params =
-      let rp = T.drop 1 restParams
-      in if T.null rp then [] else map param $ T.splitOn ";" rp -- FIXME: breaks if there's a ';' in a quoted value
-    param p =
-      let (k, v) = T.break (== '=') p
-      in (k, dropAround (== '"') $ T.drop 1 v) -- FIXME: doesn't unescape quotes in values
-    dropAround p = T.dropWhile p . T.dropWhileEnd p
+      pSemicolonSeparatedKeyVals :: P.Parser (Text, Text)
+      pSemicolonSeparatedKeyVals = P.try $ P.spaces *> P.char ';' *> P.spaces *> pKeyVal
+        where
+          pKeyVal :: P.Parser (Text, Text)
+          pKeyVal = do
+            key <- P.many1 P.alphaNum
+            P.spaces
+            P.char '='
+            P.spaces
+            val <- P.try pQuoted <|> P.try pUnQuoted
+            return (T.pack key, T.pack val)
+              where
+                pUnQuoted = P.many1 (P.alphaNum <|> P.oneOf "|")
+                pQuoted = P.char '\"' *> P.manyTill P.anyChar (P.char '\"')
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ data Observation
  | AppStartObs ByteString
  | AppServerPortObs NS.PortNumber
  | AppServerUnixObs FilePath
-  | DBConnectAttemptObs
  | ExitUnsupportedPgVersion PgVersion PgVersion
  | ExitDBNoRecoveryObs
  | ExitDBFatalError ObsFatalError SQL.UsageError
@@ -39,7 +38,6 @@ data Observation
  | SchemaCacheSummaryObs Text
  | SchemaCacheLoadedObs Double
  | ConnectionRetryObs Int
-  | ConnectionPgVersionErrorObs SQL.UsageError
  | DBListenStart Text
  | DBListenFail Text (Either SQL.ConnectionError (Either SomeException ()))
  | DBListenRetry Int
@@ -50,6 +48,7 @@ data Observation
  | ConfigSucceededObs
  | QueryRoleSettingsErrorObs SQL.UsageError
  | QueryErrorCodeHighObs SQL.UsageError
+  | QueryPgVersionError SQL.UsageError
  | PoolAcqTimeoutObs SQL.UsageError
  | HasqlPoolObs SQL.Observation
  | PoolRequest
@@ -69,8 +68,6 @@ observationMessage = \case
    "Listening on port " <> show port
  AppServerUnixObs sock ->
    "Listening on unix socket " <> show sock
-  DBConnectAttemptObs ->
-    "Attempting to connect to the database..."
  DBConnectedObs ver ->
    "Successfully connected to " <> ver
  ExitUnsupportedPgVersion pgVer minPgVer ->
@@ -78,7 +75,7 @@ observationMessage = \case
  ExitDBNoRecoveryObs ->
    "Automatic recovery disabled, exiting."
  ExitDBFatalError ServerAuthError usageErr ->
-    jsonMessage usageErr
+    "Failed to establish a connection. " <> jsonMessage usageErr
  ExitDBFatalError ServerPgrstBug usageErr ->
    "This is probably a bug in PostgREST, please report it at https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/issues. " <> jsonMessage usageErr
  ExitDBFatalError ServerError42P05 usageErr ->
@@ -95,8 +92,8 @@ observationMessage = \case
    "Schema cache loaded in " <> showMillis resultTime <> " milliseconds"
  ConnectionRetryObs delay ->
    "Attempting to reconnect to the database in " <> (show delay::Text) <> " seconds..."
-  ConnectionPgVersionErrorObs usageErr ->
-    jsonMessage usageErr
+  QueryPgVersionError usageErr ->
+    "Failed to query the PostgreSQL version. " <> jsonMessage usageErr
  DBListenStart channel -> do
    "Listening for notifications on the " <> show channel <> " channel"
  DBListenFail channel listenErr ->
@@ -622,7 +622,11 @@ generateRelSelectField (Node ReadPlan{relToParent=Just rel, select, relName, rel
  where
    rsSelName = fromMaybe relName relAlias
    rsEmbedMode = if relIsToOne rel then JsonObject else JsonArray
-    rsEmptyEmbed = null select && null forest
+    rsEmptyEmbed = hasOnlyNullEmbed (null select) forest
+    hasOnlyNullEmbed = foldr checkIfNullEmbed
+    checkIfNullEmbed :: ReadPlanTree -> Bool -> Bool
+    checkIfNullEmbed (Node ReadPlan{select=s} f) isNullEmbed =
+      isNullEmbed && hasOnlyNullEmbed (null s) f
 generateRelSelectField _ = Nothing

 generateSpreadSelectFields :: ReadPlan -> [SpreadSelectField]
@@ -296,8 +296,7 @@ makeRowFilter tn c =
    & required ?~ False
    & schema .~ ParamOther ((mempty :: ParamOtherSchema)
      & in_ .~ ParamQuery
-      & type_ ?~ SwaggerString
-      & format ?~ colType c))
+      & type_ ?~ SwaggerString))

 makeRowFilters :: Text -> [Column] -> [(Text, Param)]
 makeRowFilters tn = fmap (makeRowFilter tn)
@@ -402,7 +401,7 @@ postgrestSpec (prettyVersion, docsVersion) rels pds ti (s, h, p, b) sd allowSecu
      & description ?~ fromMaybe "This is a dynamic API generated by PostgREST" dDesc)
  & externalDocs ?~ ((mempty :: ExternalDocs)
    & description ?~ "PostgREST Documentation"
-    & url .~ URL ("https://postgrest.org/en/" <> docsVersion <> "/api.html"))
+    & url .~ URL ("https://postgrest.org/en/" <> docsVersion <> "/references/api.html"))
  & host .~ h'
  & definitions .~ fromList (makeTableDef rels <$> ti)
  & parameters .~ fromList (makeParamDefs ti)
@@ -95,13 +95,14 @@ instance JSON.ToJSON SchemaCache where
    ]

 showSummary :: SchemaCache -> Text
-showSummary (SchemaCache tbls rels routs reps mediaHdlrs _) =
+showSummary (SchemaCache tbls rels routs reps mediaHdlrs tzs) =
  T.intercalate ", "
  [ show (HM.size tbls)       <> " Relations"
  , show (HM.size rels)       <> " Relationships"
  , show (HM.size routs)      <> " Functions"
  , show (HM.size reps)       <> " Domain Representations"
  , show (HM.size mediaHdlrs) <> " Media Type Handlers"
+  , show (S.size tzs)         <> " Timezones"
  ]

 -- | A view foreign key or primary key dependency detected on its source table
@@ -646,7 +647,7 @@ tablesSqlQuery pgVer =
              information_schema._pg_truetypid(a.*, t.*),
              information_schema._pg_truetypmod(a.*, t.*)
          )::integer AS character_maximum_length,
-          COALESCE(bt.typname, t.typname)::name AS udt_name,
+          COALESCE(bt.oid, t.oid) AS base_type,
          a.attnum::integer AS position
      FROM pg_attribute a
          LEFT JOIN pg_description AS d
@@ -690,14 +691,13 @@ tablesSqlQuery pgVer =
    FROM columns info
    LEFT OUTER JOIN (
        SELECT
-            n.nspname AS s,
-            t.typname AS n,
+            e.enumtypid,
            array_agg(e.enumlabel ORDER BY e.enumsortorder) AS vals
        FROM pg_type t
        JOIN pg_enum e ON t.oid = e.enumtypid
        JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = t.typnamespace
-        GROUP BY s,n
-    ) AS enum_info ON info.udt_name = enum_info.n
+        GROUP BY enumtypid
+    ) AS enum_info ON info.base_type = enum_info.enumtypid
    WHERE info.table_schema NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema')
    GROUP BY info.table_schema, info.table_name
  ),
@@ -818,20 +818,20 @@ tablesSqlQuery pgVer =
    columnDefault -- typbasetype and typdefaultbin handles `CREATE DOMAIN .. DEFAULT val`,  attidentity/attgenerated handles generated columns, pg_get_expr gets the default of a column
      | pgVer >= pgVersion120 = [q|
          CASE
-            WHEN t.typbasetype  != 0  THEN pg_get_expr(t.typdefaultbin, 0)
+            WHEN (t.typbasetype != 0) AND (ad.adbin IS NULL) THEN pg_get_expr(t.typdefaultbin, 0)
            WHEN a.attidentity  = 'd' THEN format('nextval(%s)', quote_literal(seqsch.nspname || '.' || seqclass.relname))
            WHEN a.attgenerated = 's' THEN null
            ELSE pg_get_expr(ad.adbin, ad.adrelid)::text
          END|]
      | pgVer >= pgVersion100 = [q|
          CASE
-            WHEN t.typbasetype  != 0  THEN pg_get_expr(t.typdefaultbin, 0)
+            WHEN (t.typbasetype != 0) AND (ad.adbin IS NULL) THEN pg_get_expr(t.typdefaultbin, 0)
            WHEN a.attidentity = 'd' THEN format('nextval(%s)', quote_literal(seqsch.nspname || '.' || seqclass.relname))
            ELSE pg_get_expr(ad.adbin, ad.adrelid)::text
          END|]
      | otherwise  = [q|
          CASE
-            WHEN t.typbasetype  != 0  THEN pg_get_expr(t.typdefaultbin, 0)
+            WHEN (t.typbasetype != 0) AND (ad.adbin IS NULL) THEN pg_get_expr(t.typdefaultbin, 0)
            ELSE pg_get_expr(ad.adbin, ad.adrelid)::text
          END|]

@@ -872,7 +872,7 @@ allM2OandO2ORels pgVer =
    JOIN LATERAL (
      SELECT
        array_agg(row(cols.attname, refs.attname) order by ord) AS cols_and_fcols,
-        jsonb_agg(cols.attname order by ord) AS cols
+        jsonb_agg(cols.attname order by cols.attnum) AS cols
      FROM unnest(traint.conkey, traint.confkey) WITH ORDINALITY AS _(col, ref, ord)
      JOIN pg_attribute cols ON cols.attrelid = traint.conrelid AND cols.attnum = col
      JOIN pg_attribute refs ON refs.attrelid = traint.confrelid AND refs.attnum = ref
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import Protolude


 -- | User friendly version number such as '1.1.1'.
-- Pre-release versions are tagged as such, e.g., '1.1.1.1 (pre-release)'.
+-- Pre-release versions are tagged as such, e.g., '1.1 (pre-release)'.
 -- If a git hash is available, it's added to the version, e.g., '1.1.1 (abcdef0)'.
 prettyVersion :: ByteString
 prettyVersion =
@@ -31,14 +31,14 @@ prettyVersion =

 -- | Version number used in docs.
 -- Pre-release versions link to the latest docs
-- Uses only the two first components of the version. Example: 'v1.1'
+-- Uses only the first component of the version. Example: 'v1'
 docsVersion :: Text
 docsVersion
  | isPreRelease = "latest"
-  | otherwise    =  "v" <> (T.intercalate "." . map show . take 2 $ versionBranch version)
+  | otherwise    =  "v" <> (T.intercalate "." . map show . take 1 $ versionBranch version)


-- | Versions with four components (e.g., '1.1.1.1') are treated as pre-releases.
+-- | Versions with two components (e.g., '1.1') are treated as pre-releases.
 isPreRelease :: Bool
 isPreRelease =
-  length (versionBranch version) == 4
+  length (versionBranch version) == 2
@@ -19,6 +19,6 @@ nix:
 extra-deps:
  - configurator-pg-0.2.10
  - fuzzyset-0.2.4
-  - hasql-notifications-0.2.2.0
+  - hasql-notifications-0.2.2.2
  - hasql-pool-1.0.1
  - postgresql-libpq-0.10.1.0
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ packages:
  original:
    hackage: fuzzyset-0.2.4
 - completed:
-    hackage: hasql-notifications-0.2.2.0@sha256:a4e591ef3f06647b056567d3b66948c4a85371f05deb5434edb6ce190f7c845d,2021
+    hackage: hasql-notifications-0.2.2.2@sha256:d1d6bc0d3ee5e418fc12ea023b78739e0decba6c34e2b43bec55b89e18bd4412,2025
    pantry-tree:
-      sha256: bd7192a5e82ef6dbac711c3433408a0330c8db1cd3482be1ccd4fbd0a63bc2f6
+      sha256: 83a9cbb179b1efd0b2acd6509583c7afcdbe63469ab033d8581d48d675a80b44
      size: 452
  original:
-    hackage: hasql-notifications-0.2.2.0
+    hackage: hasql-notifications-0.2.2.2
 - completed:
    hackage: hasql-pool-1.0.1@sha256:3cfb4c7153a6c536ac7e126c17723e6d26ee03794954deed2d72bcc826d05a40,2302
    pantry-tree:
@@ -11,5 +11,5 @@ nix:

 extra-deps:
  - fuzzyset-0.2.4
-  - hasql-notifications-0.2.2.0
+  - hasql-notifications-0.2.2.2
  - hasql-pool-1.0.1
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ packages:
  original:
    hackage: fuzzyset-0.2.4
 - completed:
-    hackage: hasql-notifications-0.2.2.0@sha256:a4e591ef3f06647b056567d3b66948c4a85371f05deb5434edb6ce190f7c845d,2021
+    hackage: hasql-notifications-0.2.2.2@sha256:d1d6bc0d3ee5e418fc12ea023b78739e0decba6c34e2b43bec55b89e18bd4412,2025
    pantry-tree:
-      sha256: bd7192a5e82ef6dbac711c3433408a0330c8db1cd3482be1ccd4fbd0a63bc2f6
+      sha256: 83a9cbb179b1efd0b2acd6509583c7afcdbe63469ab033d8581d48d675a80b44
      size: 452
  original:
-    hackage: hasql-notifications-0.2.2.0
+    hackage: hasql-notifications-0.2.2.2
 - completed:
    hackage: hasql-pool-1.0.1@sha256:3cfb4c7153a6c536ac7e126c17723e6d26ee03794954deed2d72bcc826d05a40,2302
    pantry-tree:
@@ -218,6 +218,40 @@
      pdSchema: public
      pdVolatility: Volatile

+- - qiName: reset_db_schemas_config
+    qiSchema: public
+  - - pdDescription: null
+      pdFuncSettings: []
+      pdHasVariadic: false
+      pdName: reset_db_schemas_config
+      pdParams: []
+      pdReturnType:
+        contents:
+          contents:
+            qiName: void
+            qiSchema: pg_catalog
+          tag: Scalar
+        tag: Single
+      pdSchema: public
+      pdVolatility: Volatile
+
+- - qiName: change_db_schemas_config
+    qiSchema: public
+  - - pdDescription: null
+      pdFuncSettings: []
+      pdHasVariadic: false
+      pdName: change_db_schemas_config
+      pdParams: []
+      pdReturnType:
+        contents:
+          contents:
+            qiName: void
+            qiSchema: pg_catalog
+          tag: Scalar
+        tag: Single
+      pdSchema: public
+      pdVolatility: Volatile
+
 - - qiName: change_db_schema_and_full_reload
    qiSchema: public
  - - pdDescription: null
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ GRANT
 CREATE SCHEMA v1;
 GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA v1 TO postgrest_test_anonymous;

+CREATE SCHEMA test;
+GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA test TO postgrest_test_anonymous;
+
 CREATE TABLE authors_only ();
 GRANT SELECT ON authors_only TO postgrest_test_author;

@@ -226,3 +229,17 @@ $$ language sql;
 create function get_statement_timeout(items) returns text as $$
  select current_setting('statement_timeout', true) as statement_timeout
 $$ language sql;
+
+create function change_db_schemas_config() returns void as $_$
+begin
+  alter role postgrest_test_authenticator set pgrst.db_schemas = 'test';
+end $_$ volatile security definer language plpgsql;
+
+create function reset_db_schemas_config() returns void as $_$
+begin
+  alter role postgrest_test_authenticator reset pgrst.db_schemas;
+end $_$ volatile security definer language plpgsql ;
+
+create function test.get_current_schema() returns text as $$
+  select current_schema()::text;
+$$ language sql;
@@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ def test_metrics_include_schema_cache_fails(defaultenv, metapostgrest):
                r'pgrst_schema_cache_loads_total{status="FAIL"} (\d+)', response.text
            ).group(1)
        )
-        assert metrics > 3.0
+        assert metrics == 1.0

    reset_statement_timeout(metapostgrest, role)

@@ -1579,3 +1579,122 @@ def test_admin_metrics(defaultenv):
        assert "pgrst_db_pool_waiting" in response.text
        assert "pgrst_db_pool_available" in response.text
        assert "pgrst_db_pool_timeouts_total" in response.text
+
+
+def test_schema_cache_startup_load_with_in_db_config(defaultenv, metapostgrest):
+    "verify that the Schema Cache loads correctly at startup, using the in-db `pgrst.db_schemas` config"
+
+    response = metapostgrest.session.post("/rpc/change_db_schemas_config")
+    assert response.text == ""
+    assert response.status_code == 204
+
+    with run(env=defaultenv) as postgrest:
+        response = postgrest.session.get("/rpc/get_current_schema")
+        assert response.text == '"test"'
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+
+    response = metapostgrest.session.post("/rpc/reset_db_schemas_config")
+    assert response.text == ""
+    assert response.status_code == 204
+
+
+def test_jwt_cache_purges_expired_entries(defaultenv):
+    "test expired cache entries are purged on cache miss"
+
+    # The verification of actual cache size reduction is done manually, see https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/pull/3801#issuecomment-2620776041
+    # This test is written for code coverage of purgeExpired function
+
+    relativeSeconds = lambda sec: int(
+        (datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(seconds=sec)).timestamp()
+    )
+
+    headers = lambda sec: jwtauthheader(
+        {"role": "postgrest_test_author", "exp": relativeSeconds(sec)},
+        SECRET,
+    )
+
+    env = {
+        **defaultenv,
+        "PGRST_JWT_CACHE_MAX_LIFETIME": "86400",
+        "PGRST_JWT_SECRET": SECRET,
+        "PGRST_DB_CONFIG": "false",
+    }
+
+    with run(env=env) as postgrest:
+
+        # Generate two unique JWT tokens
+        # The 1 second sleep is needed for it generate a unique token
+        hdrs1 = headers(5)
+        postgrest.session.get("/authors_only", headers=hdrs1)
+
+        time.sleep(1)
+
+        hdrs2 = headers(5)
+        postgrest.session.get("/authors_only", headers=hdrs2)
+
+        # Wait 5 seconds for the tokens to expire
+        time.sleep(5)
+
+        hdrs3 = headers(5)
+
+        # Make another request which should cause a cache miss and so
+        # the purgeExpired function will be triggered.
+        #
+        # This should remove the 2 expired tokens but adds another to cache
+        response = postgrest.session.get("/authors_only", headers=hdrs3)
+
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+
+
+def test_pgrst_log_503_client_error_to_stderr(defaultenv):
+    "PostgREST should log 503 errors to stderr"
+
+    env = {
+        **defaultenv,
+        "PGAPPNAME": "test-io",
+    }
+
+    with run(env=env) as postgrest:
+
+        postgrest.session.get("/rpc/terminate_pgrst?appname=test-io")
+
+        output = postgrest.read_stdout(nlines=6)
+
+        log_message = '{"code":"PGRST001","details":"no connection to the server\\n","hint":null,"message":"Database client error. Retrying the connection."}\n'
+
+        assert any(log_message in line for line in output)
+
+
+def test_invalidate_jwt_cache_when_secret_changes(tmp_path, defaultenv):
+    "JWT cache should be emptied after jwt-secret is changed in a config reload"
+
+    headers = jwtauthheader({"role": "postgrest_test_author"}, SECRET)
+
+    external_secret_file = tmp_path / "jwt-secret-config"
+    external_secret_file.write_text(SECRET)
+
+    env = {
+        **defaultenv,
+        "PGRST_JWT_SECRET": f"@{external_secret_file}",
+        "PGRST_DB_CHANNEL_ENABLED": "true",
+        "PGRST_JWT_CACHE_MAX_LIFETIME": "86400",  # enable cache
+        "PGRST_DB_ANON_ROLE": "postgrest_test_anonymous",  # required for NOTIFY
+    }
+
+    with run(env=env) as postgrest:
+        response = postgrest.session.get("/authors_only", headers=headers)
+        assert response.status_code == 200  # jwt gets cached
+
+        # change external file
+        external_secret_file.write_text("invalid" * 5)
+
+        # reload config and external file with NOTIFY
+        # jwt-cache should get empty
+        response = postgrest.session.post("/rpc/reload_pgrst_config")
+        assert response.text == ""
+        assert response.status_code == 204
+        sleep_until_postgrest_config_reload()
+
+        # now the request should fail because the cached token is removed
+        response = postgrest.session.get("/authors_only", headers=headers)
+        assert response.status_code == 401
@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ postJsonArrayTest(){
 echo "Running memory usage tests.."

 jsonKeyTest "1M" "POST" "/rpc/leak?columns=blob" "27M"
-jsonKeyTest "1M" "POST" "/leak?columns=blob" "20M"
-jsonKeyTest "1M" "PATCH" "/leak?id=eq.1&columns=blob" "20M"
+jsonKeyTest "1M" "POST" "/leak?columns=blob" "21M"
+jsonKeyTest "1M" "PATCH" "/leak?id=eq.1&columns=blob" "21M"

 jsonKeyTest "10M" "POST" "/rpc/leak?columns=blob" "32M"
 jsonKeyTest "10M" "POST" "/leak?columns=blob" "32M"
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ spec actualPgVersion = describe "OpenAPI" $ do

    let docsUrl = r ^? key "externalDocs" . key "url"

-    liftIO $ docsUrl `shouldBe` Just (String ("https://postgrest.org/en/" <> docsVersion <> "/api.html"))
+    liftIO $ docsUrl `shouldBe` Just (String ("https://postgrest.org/en/" <> docsVersion <> "/references/api.html"))

  describe "schema" $ do

@@ -375,3 +375,10 @@ spec = describe "custom media types" $ do
          { matchStatus  = 200
          , matchHeaders = ["Content-Type" <:> "application/octet-stream"]
          }
+
+  context "media type parser fails" $ do
+    it "sends media type as is" $
+      request methodGet "/items" (acceptHdrs "undefined") ""
+      `shouldRespondWith`
+      [json| {"code":"PGRST107","details":null,"hint":null,"message":"None of these media types are available: undefined"} |]
+      { matchStatus = 406 }
@@ -579,6 +579,15 @@ spec actualPgVersion = do
              , matchHeaders = ["Preference-Applied" <:> "missing=default, return=representation"]
              }

+        it "inserts a COLUMN default before a DOMAIN default with missing=default" $
+          request methodPost "/evil_friends_with_column_default?columns=id,name" [("Prefer", "return=representation"), ("Prefer", "missing=default")]
+              [json| { "name": "Demon" } |]
+            `shouldRespondWith`
+              [json| [{"id": 420, "name": "Demon"}] |]
+              { matchStatus  = 201
+              , matchHeaders = ["Preference-Applied" <:> "missing=default, return=representation"]
+              }
+
    it "inserts json that has duplicate keys" $ do
      request methodPost "/tbl_w_json" [("Prefer", "return=representation")]
          [json| { "data": { "a": 1, "a": 2 }, "id": 3 } |]
@@ -1218,6 +1218,20 @@ spec actualPgVersion = do
        [json|[{"id":1,"name":"Angela Martin"}]|]
        { matchHeaders = [matchContentTypeJson] }

+    it "works on nested relationships" $ do
+      get "/users?select=*,users_tasks(tasks(projects()))" `shouldRespondWith`
+        [json| [{"id":1,"name":"Angela Martin"}, {"id":2,"name":"Michael Scott"}, {"id":3,"name":"Dwight Schrute"}]|]
+        { matchHeaders = [matchContentTypeJson] }
+      get "/users?select=*,users_tasks!inner(tasks!inner(projects()))&users_tasks.tasks.id=eq.3" `shouldRespondWith`
+        [json| [{"id":1,"name":"Angela Martin"}]|]
+        { matchHeaders = [matchContentTypeJson] }
+      get "/users?select=*,tasks(projects(clients()),users_tasks())" `shouldRespondWith`
+        [json| [{"id":1,"name":"Angela Martin"}, {"id":2,"name":"Michael Scott"}, {"id":3,"name":"Dwight Schrute"}]|]
+        { matchHeaders = [matchContentTypeJson] }
+      get "/users?select=*,tasks!inner(projects(clients()),users_tasks(),name)&tasks.id=eq.3" `shouldRespondWith`
+        [json| [{"id":1,"name":"Angela Martin","tasks":[{"name": "Design w10"}]}]|]
+        { matchHeaders = [matchContentTypeJson] }
+
  context "empty root select" $
    it "gives all columns" $ do
      get "/projects?select=" `shouldRespondWith`
@@ -1413,4 +1427,3 @@ spec actualPgVersion = do
      get "/infinite_recursion?select=*" `shouldRespondWith`
        [json|{"code":"42P17","message":"infinite recursion detected in rules for relation \"infinite_recursion\"","details":null,"hint":null}|]
        { matchStatus = 500 }
-
@@ -2872,7 +2872,7 @@ CREATE TABLE test.students_info(
 , code text
 , address text
 , primary key(id, code)
-, foreign key (id, code) references test.students(id, code) on delete cascade
+, foreign key (code, id) references test.students(code, id) on delete cascade
 );

 CREATE TABLE test.country(
@@ -3319,6 +3319,11 @@ create table evil_friends(
 , name text
 );

+create table evil_friends_with_column_default(
+  id   devil_int default 420
+, name text
+);
+
 create table bets (
  id int
 , data_json  json
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
steve-chavez	a7f9181462	bump version to 12.2.10	2025-04-18 21:28:00 -05:00
Michal KleczekandSteve Chavez	f68d5944e6	fix: purge JWT cache asynchronously in a separate thread Otherwise performance was reduced unnecessarily.	2025-04-18 21:27:36 -05:00
Wolfgang Walther	b454f29b2c	bump version to 12.2.9	2025-04-16 20:39:19 +02:00
Taimoor ZaeemandWolfgang Walther	a3cc762f17	fix: valid JWTs after jwt-secret is changed in a config reload	2025-04-16 18:26:42 +00:00
Taimoor ZaeemandWolfgang Walther	66cd4ca596	fix: regression that replaces an unknown media type with / (#4013 )	2025-04-14 18:00:21 +02:00
Taimoor ZaeemandWolfgang Walther	513704dc2b	fix: parsing of the `for` parameter of plan media type (#4005 )	2025-04-12 15:37:37 +00:00
Thilo HohltandWolfgang Walther	026d84a093	docs: add archtika to example apps section on ecosystem page (#4007 )	2025-04-11 14:34:56 +02:00
Taimoor ZaeemandWolfgang Walther	106f193a56	docs: add note that ordering of columns is not enforced (#3999 )	2025-04-10 14:44:03 +02:00
steve-chavezandWolfgang Walther	79fc43ec39	docs: redirect from broken #bulk-insert-default	2025-04-04 18:24:26 +02:00
Taimoor ZaeemandWolfgang Walther	b187f09574	docs: mention that updates also supports specifying columns and missing pref	2025-04-04 18:24:25 +02:00
Taimoor ZaeemandWolfgang Walther	4f1dc72e40	docs: explain missing preference header	2025-04-04 18:24:23 +02:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	d70d5cb19d	chore(deps): update peter-evans/dockerhub-description action to v4.0.2	2025-04-03 12:19:48 +00:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	6e851cce59	chore(deps): update peter-evans/dockerhub-description action to v4.0.1	2025-04-01 20:25:14 +00:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	accf46d2ee	chore(deps): update all dependencies	2025-03-27 19:51:24 +00:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	852f833d56	chore(deps): update all dependencies	2025-03-27 19:32:19 +00:00
Wolfgang Walther	48e6267dde	docs: Remove broken link	2025-03-26 17:00:31 +01:00
Wolfgang Walther	ed86bbf3de	docs: remove broken link	2025-03-14 23:21:41 +01:00
Wolfgang Walther	3ba4290ef0	chore: Fix style check	2025-02-22 17:01:27 +01:00
Wolfgang Walther	0be047a52f	docs: Fix outdated links	2025-02-22 16:10:50 +01:00
Wolfgang Walther	d2d3367046	ci: Fix cirrus FreeBSD builds Apparently Cirrus removed the 14-1 image. When I firsted looked into this some days ago, when the job started failing, the docs were not updated, yet - so it wasn't clear. Now the docs mention freebsd-14-2 explicitly...	2025-02-22 14:22:29 +01:00
Laurence IslaandWolfgang Walther	ba6f985dac	docs: make the aggregate functions docs less verbose	2025-02-22 13:19:10 +01:00
steve-chavezandWolfgang Walther	7cb007567b	docs: reduce verbosity of aggregate functions	2025-02-22 13:19:10 +01:00
Taimoor ZaeemandWolfgang Walther	acb72b7c67	docs: add missing jwt claims and clock skew (#3908 )	2025-02-22 13:19:10 +01:00
steve-chavezandWolfgang Walther	8649d27709	docs: correct package for installation under Nix	2025-02-22 13:19:10 +01:00
steve-chavez	4a3936f71c	bump version to 12.2.8	2025-02-10 13:25:22 -05:00
M. Taimoor Zaeemandsteve-chavez	9b6b5d06ea	fix: log 503 client error to stderr	2025-02-10 13:24:52 -05:00
Wolfgang Walther	ec83d08be6	bump version to 12.2.7	2025-02-03 18:38:41 +01:00
Diogo BiazusandWolfgang Walther	c026d0752f	fix: Fix regression for schema cache reloading via NOTIFY on Windows Upstream accidentally removed the fix, which was introduced for #2524. Fixed again. (cherry picked from commit `b285f5fba6`)	2025-02-03 18:35:24 +01:00
steve-chavez	dc96cdb0c3	bump version to 12.2.6	2025-01-29 15:22:22 -05:00
Taimoor Zaeemandsteve-chavez	89be285e6a	fix: jwt cache is not purged (#3801 )	2025-01-29 15:14:05 -05:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	c6b4fca160	chore(deps): update codecov/codecov-action action to v5.3.1	2025-01-25 12:01:21 +01:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	31cccd3264	chore(deps): update codecov/codecov-action action to v5.3.0	2025-01-25 11:12:46 +01:00
Wolfgang Walther	0bec15fb71	bump version to 12.2.5	2025-01-20 18:24:51 +01:00
Wolfgang Walther	cc22da5a02	fix: Make postgrest binary in arm64 docker image executable This happened in `06aebfaa` and caused the arm64 docker image to not start up properly. Resolves #3867	2025-01-20 18:24:06 +01:00
Wolfgang Walther	4d477d6e12	bump version to 12.2.4	2025-01-18 19:01:16 +01:00
Wolfgang Walther	aff2a78aac	Revert "ci: Remove brew install libpq for macos-14 stack build" This partially reverts commit `53164453d8`.	2025-01-18 19:01:16 +01:00
Wolfgang Walther	868f4a066b	ci: Fix stack cache on Windows Apparently the STACK_ROOT has been moved to C:\sr - for unknown reasons, at least to me. This should enable caching again and make the stack on windows builds much faster than recently.	2025-01-18 17:54:42 +01:00
Wolfgang Walther	2c04b98dd9	ci: Split ci into ci and release workflows This is now possible, after we moved to the ARM build to the GitHub runners.	2025-01-18 17:54:42 +01:00
Wolfgang Walther	71c73b20ca	ci: Remove left-over permissions setting from tag job This has been replaced by using the SSH key.	2025-01-18 17:54:42 +01:00
Wolfgang Walther	0160b6f370	ci: Display loadtest results in step summary Much easier to implement and should be easier to find, too.	2025-01-18 17:54:42 +01:00
Wolfgang Walther	038c05447a	ci: Build the ubuntu-aarch64 binary with new ARM runners The new GitHub arm runners are available, so we can use them to build the ubuntu aarch64 binary instead of our custom machine.	2025-01-18 17:54:42 +01:00
Wolfgang Walther	5d5ee71dce	ci: Skip cachix push when no cachix token is set This happens in forks.	2025-01-18 17:54:42 +01:00
Wolfgang Walther	f09b4f4b7d	ci: Remove brew install libpq for macos-14 stack build When macos-14 was rolled out libpq was not installed, but by now it is by default. Thus, we don't need to do that, it only creates a warning annotation right now.	2025-01-18 17:54:42 +01:00
Wolfgang Walther	d3f9de528c	ci: Fix release name of x86-64 binaries This should have been x86-64, only x64 is not a thing.	2025-01-18 17:54:42 +01:00
Wolfgang Walther	c3f88d7a1d	ci: Fix release name of macos binary This is built on macos-14, which is running on new arm based hardware, not the old x86_64 ones.	2025-01-18 17:54:42 +01:00
Wolfgang Walther	164e6a601f	ci: Update stack builder to ubuntu 24.04 Renovate doesn't seem to pick this up, because it's in a matrix specification.	2025-01-18 17:54:42 +01:00
Andrei DziahelandWolfgang Walther	c135a30515	ci: drop directories from windows release Puts windows release in line with others which have the executable on the top level	2025-01-18 17:54:32 +01:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	7515eb5490	chore(deps): update all dependencies	2025-01-17 20:59:24 +01:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	629b57337c	chore(deps): update haskell-actions/setup action to v2.7.8	2024-12-30 16:31:53 +01:00
M. Taimoor ZaeemandWolfgang Walther	9fcbf994cb	fix: insert with missing=default uses column default before using domain default	2024-12-25 11:43:34 +01:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	7b9027ea0a	chore(deps): update all dependencies	2024-12-20 20:00:36 +01:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	0a7ae1815c	chore(deps): update dependency macos to v14	2024-12-18 13:52:31 +01:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	06014047cb	chore(deps): update actions/upload-artifact action to v4.5.0	2024-12-18 12:56:42 +01:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	7feb755521	chore(deps): update all dependencies	2024-12-06 09:48:27 +01:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	a0e7c4f591	chore(deps): update ubuntu:noble docker digest to 80dd3c3	2024-12-04 08:45:16 +01:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	572f24901e	chore(deps): update codecov/codecov-action action to v5.0.7	2024-11-21 21:26:15 +01:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	1e599a2319	chore(deps): update codecov/codecov-action action to v5.0.5	2024-11-20 19:36:28 +01:00
steve-chavezandWolfgang Walther	4e9601d155	fix: always show schema cache load time It used to be that this was only enabled with log-level=debug. But the default log-level is misleading, for example: ``` $ PGRST_DB_SCHEMAS="apflora" postgrest-with-postgresql-16 -f test/io/big_schema.sql postgrest-run ... 13/Nov/2024:22:08:20 -0500: Config reloaded 13/Nov/2024:22:08:20 -0500: Schema cache queried in 36.3 milliseconds 13/Nov/2024:22:08:20 -0500: Schema cache loaded 326 Relations, 305 Relationships, 7 Functions, 0 Domain Representations, 4 Media Type Handlers, 1194 Timezones ``` The "Schema cache loaded" can take a while to appear, yet the 22:08:20 time is the same. If we reveal the load time this is clarified: ``` 13/Nov/2024:22:08:37 -0500: Schema cache loaded in 16770.1 milliseconds ```	2024-11-16 22:41:44 +01:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	53ce2df33a	chore(deps): update ubuntu:noble docker digest to 278628f	2024-11-16 22:41:14 +01:00
Laurence IslaandWolfgang Walther	c7152787b9	docs: clarify usage of upsert with surrogate primary keys	2024-11-16 13:16:35 +01:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	4d4f93da40	chore(deps): update codecov/codecov-action action to v5.0.2	2024-11-15 18:54:10 +01:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	cb22931015	chore(deps): update codecov/codecov-action action to v5	2024-11-14 19:39:58 +01:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	4cc09c6b42	chore(deps): update all dependencies	2024-11-06 19:43:33 +01:00
Wolfgang WaltherandWolfgang Walther	3379ee3483	chore(deps): Update nixpkgs to unstable 2024-05-29 This makes actionlint happy about the new ubuntu runners.	2024-11-06 17:35:55 +01:00
Wolfgang Walther	fc7f715aeb	ci: Update cirrus' freebsd image to 14.1 This should fix CI which is failing lately like this: https://cirrus-ci.com/task/4665005218463744 ld-elf.so.1: /lib/libc.so.7: version FBSD_1.8 required by /usr/local/bin/stack not found	2024-10-26 14:52:13 +02:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	ec568efd06	chore(deps): update all dependencies	2024-10-24 05:10:55 +02:00
Wolfgang Walther	5b755b2877	docs: Remove broken link https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/actions/runs/11136795565/job/30949162312	2024-10-04 16:02:33 +02:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	f1453f3c37	chore(deps): update ubuntu:noble docker digest to dfc1087	2024-09-18 20:01:57 +02:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	9100ba3b70	chore(deps): update dependency urllib3 to v2.2.3	2024-09-12 21:01:08 +02:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	6fe82d9e94	chore(deps): update actions/upload-artifact action to v4.4.0	2024-09-04 13:29:55 +02:00
Jason CloseandGitHub	1fff248c78	docs: rpc example for array of json objects This change adds an explanation of how to handle an array of JSON objects within an RPC call. To pass multiple objects, an array of JSON objects must be the JSON value, with the key being the json or jsonb variable name of the Postgres function. For people who want to perform multiple tasks/inserts/updates within a single API call, this is a needed explanation for that use-case.	2024-08-23 13:00:19 -05:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	f5264c5aa3	chore(deps): update ubuntu:noble docker digest to 8a37d68	2024-08-18 14:04:26 +02:00
renovate[bot]andLaurence Isla	5de55ea141	chore(deps): update all dependencies	2024-08-13 13:25:12 -05:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	1ef83d3732	chore(deps): update actions/upload-artifact action to v4.3.5	2024-08-02 21:07:44 +02:00
Laurence Isla	519615d5fb	bump version to 12.2.3	2024-08-01 11:46:52 -05:00
Laurence Isla	de5a8954b2	changelog: add missing entry for 3670	2024-08-01 11:18:15 -05:00
Steve Chavez Wolfgang Walther Laurence Isla	64b5a59410	fix: schema cache loading before the in-db config (#3670 ) Fixes #3660. Load the config after getting the pg version but before loading the schema. The regression happened on `f09655b`. Also remove schema cache load wrapper and separate db queries in different functions. Co-authored-by: Laurence Isla <lau.isla.c@gmail.com>	2024-08-01 17:41:07 +02:00
Dan KurinandWolfgang Walther	417a96d137	fix: Remove OpenAPI format for rowFilter params (#3661 )	2024-08-01 17:41:07 +02:00
Wolfgang Walther	53593824a8	fix: Embed One-to-One relationship with different column order properly	2024-07-13 22:27:04 +02:00
Wolfgang Walther	e642086d27	chore: Fix changelog after `13868983`	2024-07-13 17:16:06 +02:00
steve-chavezandWolfgang Walther	e451700d5d	chore: remove links to gitter We'll now use github discussions for support.	2024-07-13 17:11:06 +02:00
Salim BandWolfgang Walther	13868983af	fix: update OpenAPI `externalDocs` URL fixes https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/issues/3091	2024-07-13 17:11:06 +02:00
steve-chavez	db9da0b1ca	bump version to 12.2.2	2024-07-10 23:07:23 -05:00
steve-chavez	f09655b7a6	fix: schema cache retrying without backoff Fixes https://github.com/PostgREST/postgrest/issues/3523. Now if there's a failure when obtaining the pg version OR schema cache, we do the same retrying process. This way we don't add two retries. Refactors and renames the "connectionWorker" to "schemaCacheLoader". This makes more sense since what we really want is the schema cache, the version is the pre-requisite for ensuring our schema cache queries work. Additionally, we no longer log ` Attempting to connect to the database...` at startup unnecessarily. This is only logged whenever there's a retry attempt.	2024-07-10 21:11:20 -05:00
steve-chavezandWolfgang Walther	8715e426c0	chore: remove paypal links It was tied to a personal account and donations there have been too rare.	2024-07-10 21:13:23 +02:00
Wolfgang WaltherandWolfgang Walther	9a40bc266e	fix: List correct enum options when multiple types with same name are present The schema cache and OpenAPI output would currently list the first found enum with the same name instead of the correct type. One other case where this comes up is when a regular type and an enum type have the same name. For example in the spec fixtures, we have an enum called "bit". Every "bit" type, no matter whether it's that enum or the built-in bit type, will show those enum options in the OpenApi output. Not adding a test, because OpenAPI is supposed to go away in the future anyway.	2024-07-09 09:09:22 +02:00
Wolfgang WaltherandWolfgang Walther	e67461b991	fix: Show number of loaded timezones in log output There is no reason to hide those, right?	2024-07-09 09:09:22 +02:00
Wolfgang WaltherandWolfgang Walther	420933ceba	fix: Make --dump-schema work with in-database pgrst.db_schemas setting This needs to be loaded from in-database configuration first, otherwise the dump-schema output will be for the default (public) schema.	2024-07-09 09:09:22 +02:00
Laurence IslaandWolfgang Walther	8f8dbd3425	fix: nested empty embeds no longer return empty values and are correctly omitted	2024-07-09 09:09:22 +02:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	8d7d7e4112	chore(deps): update all dependencies	2024-07-06 11:35:11 +02:00
Sandro BauerandWolfgang Walther	521acf61cb	docs: fix rendering for inline code block in operator list	2024-07-02 12:28:24 +02:00
steve-chavez	d3f7cba92e	bump version to 12.2.1	2024-06-27 14:59:35 -05:00
Laurence IslaandSteve Chavez	a71d9ea50f	changelog: add missing entries for #3592 and #3616	2024-06-27 14:08:16 -05:00
Laurence IslaandSteve Chavez	5a1e9b01e4	nix: remove texlive dependencies from postgrest-docs-render	2024-06-27 14:08:16 -05:00
Laurence IslaandSteve Chavez	d3292d42de	docs: use PlantUML instead of Latex to generate Schema Isolation image	2024-06-27 14:08:16 -05:00
Laurence IslaandSteve Chavez	572581cbb6	chore: organize diagrams in different folders	2024-06-27 14:08:16 -05:00
steve-chavez	9daddb549c	docs: add listener recovery	2024-06-27 14:08:16 -05:00
steve-chavez	716fcbf147	fix: don't reload cache on every listener fail Revert "prevent GSSAPI error between Listener and pool" This reverts commit `4beac10d3d`.	2024-06-27 14:08:16 -05:00
Laurence IslaandSteve Chavez	5b62501ce7	docs: improve architecture diagram - SVG format instead of PNG - The components now have links to their reference in the Docs - Supports dark mode	2024-06-27 14:08:16 -05:00
Wolfgang WaltherandSteve Chavez	7860e7287f	docs: Fix punctuation in install.rst	2024-06-27 14:08:16 -05:00
Michal KleczekandSteve Chavez	c958f94753	docs: add pg-notify-stdout to ecosystem	2024-06-27 14:08:16 -05:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	94f0548344	chore(deps): update ubuntu:noble docker digest to 2e863c4	2024-06-19 19:22:47 +02:00
Wolfgang Walther	16d0e1ca8c	fix: Treat pre-release and docs versions correctly for new release workflow Since we changed our release workflow, we have adjusted: - the docs to use postgrest.org/en/v12/ -style URLs, i.e. only using the major component. - the pre-release / devel versions to contain only two instead of four version parts, i.e. currently 12.3.	2024-06-19 08:42:34 +02:00
Wolfgang Walther	9657d46c42	docs: Fix linkcheck Some URLs are still forbidden for our linkcheck tool, so disabling them again. Others are permanently redirected, so adjusting them.	2024-06-19 08:40:58 +02:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	70e07ccbc6	chore(deps): update dependency urllib3 to v2.2.2	2024-06-17 21:04:03 +02:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	cc5c4ae5ef	chore(deps): update codecov/codecov-action action to v4.5.0	2024-06-13 19:51:15 +02:00
renovate[bot]andWolfgang Walther	af8b62ba10	chore(deps): update all dependencies	2024-06-13 08:46:23 +02:00
Laurence Isla	d4e7d23268	docs: fix example of listener failure on read replicas	2024-06-12 19:46:23 -05:00
Laurence Isla	4e084b664c	docs: clarify what is logged when "log-level=debug"	2024-06-12 18:30:19 -05:00
Laurence Isla	91024b6eab	docs: add missing logs to stderr - Schema cache stats are now logged to stderr - Log when the LISTEN channel gets a notification	2024-06-12 18:30:19 -05:00
Laurence IslaandSteve Chavez	0e4fcd7387	docs: add "Listener" page Co-authored-by: Steve Chavez <stevechavezast@gmail.com>	2024-06-12 18:30:19 -05:00
Wolfgang Walther	49a7aa9933	bump docs version to 12.2	2024-06-12 07:47:17 +02:00
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
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