diff --git a/src/Middleware.hs b/src/Middleware.hs
index 9db7b1209..47658ef8d 100644
--- a/src/Middleware.hs
+++ b/src/Middleware.hs
@@ -26,18 +26,18 @@ import Network.URI (URI(..), parseURI)
 import PgQuery(LoginAttempt(..), signInRole, setRole, resetRole)
 import Codec.Binary.Base64.String (decode)
 
-inTransaction :: (Connection -> Application) -> (Connection -> Application)
+inTransaction :: (Connection -> Application) -> Connection -> Application
 inTransaction app conn req respond =
   finally (runRaw conn "begin" >> app conn req respond) (runRaw conn "commit")
 
-withSavepoint :: (Connection -> Application) -> (Connection -> Application)
+withSavepoint :: (Connection -> Application) -> Connection -> Application
 withSavepoint app conn req respond = do
   runRaw conn "savepoint req_sp"
   catch (app conn req respond) (\e -> let _ = (e::SomeException) in
     runRaw conn "rollback to savepoint req_sp" >> throw e)
 
 authenticated :: BS.ByteString -> (Connection -> Application) ->
-                 (Connection -> Application)
+                 Connection -> Application
 authenticated anon app conn req respond = do
   attempt <- httpRequesterRole (requestHeaders req)
   case attempt of
diff --git a/test/Feature/AuthSpec.hs b/test/Feature/AuthSpec.hs
index cd657a4ac..0a7d80550 100644
--- a/test/Feature/AuthSpec.hs
+++ b/test/Feature/AuthSpec.hs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import SpecHelper
 spec :: Spec
 spec = around appWithFixture $
   describe "authorization" $ do
-    it "hides tables that anonymous does not own" $ do
+    it "hides tables that anonymous does not own" $
       get "/authors_only" `shouldRespondWith` 400 -- TODO: should be 404
     it "indicates login failure" $ do
       let auth = authHeader "dbapi_test_author_a" "fakefake"
diff --git a/test/Feature/InsertSpec.hs b/test/Feature/InsertSpec.hs
index bbc06c29f..607b834b3 100644
--- a/test/Feature/InsertSpec.hs
+++ b/test/Feature/InsertSpec.hs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ spec = around appWithFixture $ do
             incNullableStr record `shouldBe` Nothing
 
       context "into a table with simple pk" $
-        it "fails with 400 and error" $ do
+        it "fails with 400 and error" $
           post "/simple_pk" [json| { "extra":"foo"} |]
             `shouldRespondWith` 400
 
diff --git a/test/Unit/ErrorsSpec.hs b/test/Unit/ErrorsSpec.hs
index c6f8f84d3..8d052d667 100644
--- a/test/Unit/ErrorsSpec.hs
+++ b/test/Unit/ErrorsSpec.hs
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ spec = let
     runRaw conn "select 1/0"
     _ <- insert "1" "items" (SqlRow []) conn
     res $ responseLBS ok200 [("Content-Type", "application/json")] "{}"
-  in around dbWithSchema $ do
+  in around dbWithSchema $
 
-    describe "withSavepoint" $ do
+    describe "withSavepoint" $
       it "allows partial rollback of request" $ \c -> do
         let app = withSavepoint dbErrApp c
         [[beforeCount]] <- quickQuery c "select count(*) from \"1\".items" []